...upheld the Bank's constitutionality): "The Congress, the Executive, and the Court must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution....he understands it, and not as it is understood by others."168 The apparent claim of Jefferson and Jackson was that chief executives (at least)169 should...

...has over the judges, and on that point the President is independent of both." "Each public official who takes an oath to support the Constitution swears...understands it, and not as it is understood by others." 19 For this reason, Jackson— albeit in another context—is reputed to have said, "John Marshall...

...reconsider) constitutional issues raised by measures properly before them. According to Iackson, "It is as much the duty of the House of Representatives,...the Senate, and of the President to decide upon the consitutionality of any bill or resolution which may be presented to them for passage or approval as...

...over this question arose partly from the opening words of the passage cited ahove — "Each puhlic officer who takes an oath to support the Constitution...swears that he will support it as he understands it". The President's opponents M Richardson, II, 581. » Ihid., p. 582. seized on this as a flagrant extension...

...coordinate authorities of this government. The Congress, the Executive, and the Court must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution....who takes an oath to support the Constitution swears he will support it as he understands it, and not as it is understood by others . . . The opinion of...

...powers conferred upon its agent not only unnecessary, but dangerous to the Government and country. "It is as much the duty of the House of Representatives,...upon the constitutionality of any bill or resolution as it is of the supreme judges." It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the...

...of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form they please." Andrew Jackson, 1832: "Each public officer who takes an oath to support...understands it, and not as it is understood by others... The opinion of judges has no more authority over Congress than the opinion of Congress had over the...

...not decide questions of this class. The Congress, the Executive and the Court must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution....oath to support the Constitution swears that he will sup142 '43 • port it. as lie understands it, and not as it is understood by others. The opinion of...

...1819. Jackton declared in his veto message: "It is at much the duty of the Howe of ReoreaaBtadvea. of the Senate, and of the President to decide upon the constitutionality of any bill or reaolotion which may be presented to ibero far paasage or approval M it ia of the supreme judges when...

...co-ordinate authorities of this Government. The Congress, the Executive and the Court, must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution....understands it, and not as it is understood by others." Again and again have I heard Judge Douglas denounce that bank decision, and applaud General Jackson...