...wrote a verse passio of Lawrence it is necessary to take stock of his Norman Benedictine context. At the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth century, the vogue of versifying legends of saints had passed its peak on the Continent. Prose rather...

...mathematics, and medicine, as well as many of the Greek works, which were also translated from Arabic, toward the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth. (1979:68) The conventional Western view of Arabic-Muslim science has tended to overlook its originality...

...eventually have assumed an identifiable direction. Such a possibility, however, was denied forever at the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, when merchants, crusaders, and churchmen from the Holy Roman Empire decided that the eastern Baltic...

...on texts drawn from the tradition of Old French romance that straddle the seventy-odd years marking the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, very roughly the period spanning the lifetime of Philip Augustus. It seeks to argue the following hypothesis:...

...concerning Arabic sources must be treated with caution. The rift is only produced in those towards the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth century which adopt almost exclusively the method of working from the right-hand number. lt would seem...

...la Rose is referred to, while the first two books draw on French romances which were written towards the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, namely Chrétien de Troyes' Philomena, Athis et Prophilias, Li Fet des Romains, and Blancandin. ' 3...

...languages. This was not, however, die case in the days of the classic ghetto. The Prague ghetto at the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, saw the establishment of the famous Tosaphist school where the specialization was Talmudic studies.4...

...interclan confrontation were probably provided by the podesta's own concerns about his reputation. At the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, many communes adopted thepodesteria system (Waley 1988). Serving as a podesta became the profession...

...northern France. The essay reprinted here with minor corrections deals with a biblical commentator of the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth, Alexander Neckam (Nequam), foster-brother of Richard I and a teacher both in Paris and Oxford.3 In...

...descend into its stomach.1" In light of this finding of G. Macy we must admit that the response given at the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth was one that met a real pastoral problem: the defense of the faith against the Cathars. The answers...