...passage in George Washington's farewell address in which the first president warns that "party spirit serves always to distract the public councils, and...public administration. It agitates the community with ill founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against another; foments...

...this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. Washington warned that partisanship agitates the community with "ill-founded jealousies...another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection." The familiar lines of American political partisanship—Republican-versus-Democrat, conservative-versus-liberal—were...

...party are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it. It serves always to distract the public councils,...public administration. It agitates the community with ill founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against another; foments...

.... warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. It serves always to distract the public councils and...the government itself through the channels of party passion. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another....

...Four years later, Washington renounced the presidency in his Farewell Address: "[The spirit of party] agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies...kindles the animosity of one part against another; ferments occasional riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which...

...enfeeble the Public administration.— lt agitates the comniunity with ill-founded jealousies and faise alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against...another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection. lt opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a facilitated access [to the Government...

...party are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it. It serves always to distract the Public Councils,...the door to foreign influence and corruption, which 14 find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus...

...Party, Washington said: 7. Maurice Duverger, Political Parties (New York, John Wiley. 1954) . p. 426. serves always to distract the Public Councils, and...occasionally riot and insurrection. — It opens the doors to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated access to the Government itself...

...solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party." The spirit of party, said Washington, "serves always to distract the public councils and...jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one party against another; foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence...

...dangerous for the foreign policy of the country. Factionalism, the spirit of party, Washington wrote: "opens the door to foreign influence and corruption,...find a facilitated access to the government itself th rough the channels of party passion. 'Ihus the policy and the will of one country are subjected...