also solitae, in next line. —235. Vertitur he turns (himself). The word is used reflexively, like the middle voice in Greek. Sanguine. Gr. 414. 2. A. & S. 247. 1 (2), — 236. Abeunt = mutantur.-238. Est. (sc. ei) he has. 239. Idem iidem. — 240. Non.. una not one alone. Perire. Gr. 552. 3. A. & S. 244, R. 2 (6) and 270, R. 1 (b). — 241. Erinnys. The Furies were Alecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone. They were employed by the gods to punish the impious, both on the earth and in the lower world. 242. Jurasse. See on v. 152. Gr. 551. I. A. & S. 272, N. 1. Putes. Gr. 486. I. A. & S. 260. II. Dent. Gr. 487. A. & S. 260, R. 6. Ocius. Gr. 444. I. A. & S. 122, R. 3. 243. Sententia;

SC. mea.

---

THE DELUGE AND THE STORY OF DEUCALION AND PYRRHA. [vv. 244-415.]—244. Probant. Gr. 461. 1. A. & S. 209, R. 11. Frementi; sc. ei. Gr. 386. 1. A. & S. 224, N. 1. — 245. Partes implent fulfil their part by assent; an allusion to the Roman senate. 246. Dolori. Gr. 390. I.

--

-

A. & S. 227.-247. Sit futura. Gr. 481. III. I.; 525. A. & S. 260, R. 7 (2); 265. Mortalibus. Gr. 399. 5. 3). A. & S. 250. 2 (1).. 249. Feris. Gr. 384. II. A. & S. 223. Paret. See on sit, v. 247.-250. Sibi... curae. See on dolori, v. 246. Fore depends on the verbum dicendi implied in vetat. Gr. 530. II. I. A. & S. 270, R. 2 (6).-251. Trepidare vetat. Gr. 551. II. 1. A. & S. 273, 2 (a). — 252. Populo. Gr. 391. A. & S. 222, R. 1. Origine mira: of miraculous origin. 253. Erat... sparsurus. Gr. 228. A. & S. 162. 14-254. Sacer sacred; because it is the home of the gods. 255. Conciperet. Gr. 492. 4. 1). A. & S. 262, R. 7. Axis; for heaven itself. -256. Esse. The clause, affore, etc., is the subject of esse. Gr. 551. I. 3. A. & S. 239, R. 4; 272, N. 1. Esse in fatis that it is fated; i. e. the Fates had decreed. The three Fates, or Parcae, were the supreme arbiters of the destinies, not only of men, but of the gods themselves. Even Jupiter must submit to them. Their names were Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. — 258. Ardeat. Gr. 501. I. A. & S. 264. 6 and N. 1. Laboret shall perish. 259. Cyclopum. The Cyclopes were the workmen of Vulcan, (see on II. 5,) and made the thunderbolts of Jupiter. Cf. Virgil, A. III. 569 foll. and Horace, C. I. 4. 7. —261. Perdere is in apposition with poena. Gr. 553. II. A. & S. 204, R. 9; 273, N. 9, where this use of the infin. should be added. 262. Aeoliis... antris = in the caves of Aeolus. The Aeolian (now Lipari) islands, near Sicily, were the abode of the winds, over whom Aeolus was king. Cf. Virg. A. I. 52 foll. Aquilonem the north wind; which, in Italy, generally brings dry weather. Cf. v. 328.263. Inductas; sc. coelo. - 264. Notum the south wind; which brings rain. — 265.

-

Vultum. Gr. 380. A. & S. 234. II. and R. 1. —266. Capillis. Gr. 422. 2. A. & S. 255, R. 3 (b).· -267. Fronte; poetic abl. of place. See on v. 92. Sinusque- and the folds of his robe. -270. Junonis. Juno was the sister and wife of Jupiter, and the queen of heaven. Iris, daughter of Thaumas (whence she is called Thaumantias) and Electra, was the goddess of the rainbow, and the attendant and messenger of Juno. Colores. Gr. 374. 7. A. & S. 234, draws up. Nubibus. Gr. 386. I.

R. 1 (a). —271.

=

Concipit

Satis =

A. & S. 224, N. 1.-272. Colonis. Gr. 398. 5. A. & S. 211, R. 5 (1). 274. Coelo. See on v. 226.-275. Frater: Neptune, brother of Jupiter, and god of the sea. See on v. 113. — 277. Hortamine. Gr. 419. I. A. & S. 245. I.-278. Utendum; sc. mihi. Gr. 301. 2; 388. I. A. & S. 184. 3; 225. III. and R. 1.— 279. Domos fountains. The source of the stream was the home of the river-god. Mole literally, the dam or barrier; here, whatever confines or restrains the river. -280. Fluminibus. Gr. 386. I. A. & S. 224. Totas-habenas give loose reins.-281. Fontibus. Gr. 398. 5. A. & S. 211, R. 5 (1). — 282. Volvuntur. See on vertitur, v. 235. - 286. crops. - 287. Penetralia; the inmost part of the house, the shrine of the Penates; here temples. Sacris = the images of the gods.—288. Qua Gr. 190. 1 & 2. A. & S. 137, R. (3). Mansit. Gr. 508. 261, R. I. 289. Malo. Gr. 385. A. & S. 223, R. 2. Pressae = submerged. —292. Erat. Gr. 462. 2. A. & S. 209, R. 9. Some editions have erant. Ponto. Gr. 386. 2. A. & S. 226, R. 2. —293. Hic; sc. homo. Cymba; poetic abl. of place. See on v. 92. -294. Ducit=plies. Ararat. Gr. 234. A. & S. 162. 7 (a). 296. Summa. Gr. 441. 6. A. & S. 205, R. 17. – 297. Figitur. See on mansit, v. 288. — 302. Nereides. See on v. 192. — 303. Ramis. Gr. 386. A. & S. 224.

A. & S.

- 290.

Agitata. See

on congestos, v. 153. -305. Fulminis; a common metaphor in descriptions of the boar. Apro. Gr. 385. A. & S. 223, R. 2. So quibus. v. 311.—307. Terris. Gr. 431. A. & S. 257. Possit. Gr. 486. III. A. & S. 264, R. 3. 311. Pars; sc. hominum. 312. Inopi victu by want of food.—313. Aonios (sc. agros)= Aonia, or Boeotia, a district of Greece, N. W. from Attica. Oetaeis Thessalian; Oeta being a mountain range of Thessaly. Phocis, a district lying west of Boeotia, on the Corinthian gulf. The prose order is, Phocis, terra ferax, dum terra fuit, Aonios ab Oetaeis arvis separat.—314. Tempore. Gr. 426. 2. -316. Verticibus. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. - 317. Nomine. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. Parnasus, or Parnassus, was sacred to Apollo and the Muses. 318. Deucalion; son of Prometheus, and King of Phthia, in Thessaly. -319. Consorte tori; his wife Pyrrha, daughter of

Epimetheus and Pandora. — 320. Corycidas = Corycian; from a cave in Parnasus. Numina; sc. cetera. -321. Themin. Gr.93. 2. A. & S. 80 and Ex. 2. Themis, the daughter of Coelus and Terra, was the goddess of right, or justice, and held the Delphic oracle (tunc oracla tenebat) as the successor of Terra and previous to Apollo. Oracla; syncopated form of oracula. 322. Illo= Deucalion. Gr. 417. A. & S. 256. 2. So illa (= Pyrrha) in next line. Aequi. Gr. 399. 2. 1); 441. A. & S. 205, R. 7 (2); 213. — 324. Stagnare to be overflowed. Gr. 551. I. A. & S. 272. So

superesse. - 325. Ovid is fond of repetitions like this. Unum; sc. Unam; sc. feminam.

- 326.

328. Nimbis.

Gr.

So telo, v. 330, and signo, v. 334. — Aquilone. 247. 3. · -329. Aethera. Gr. 93. 1. A. & S. 80, 330. Telo = tridente.

=

hominem. 431. A. & S. 257. Gr. 414. 4. A. & S. R. So aëra, v. 337. See v. 283.331 Pelagi. Gr. 47. II. A. & S. 51.-332. Humeros. Gr. 380. A. & S. 234. II. Innato murice with native purple. Murex, a shell-fish from which a purple dye was obtained. -333. Tritona Triton, son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and herald of the seagods. Conchae. Gr. 386. A. & S. 224. · 334. Inspirare. Gr. 551. II. 1. A. & S. 273. 2 (d). — 335. Illi. Gr. 388. 3. A. & S. 225. II. 336. In-imo - which increases in width from the end of the cone; i. e. the mouth-piece. On imo, see Gr. 441. 6. A. & S. 205, R. 17. — 337. Concepit aera = has received the air; has been blown.-338. Voce replet = fills with its blast. Sub - Phoebo under each Phoebus; i. e. from the east to the west. Phoebus (the Bright) is the title of Apollo as the Sun-god. — 339. Tunc quoque refers back to v. 281; as they had then obeyed, so now also. A. & S. 306.-340. Cecinit receptus sounded the In prose we have cecinit receptui. - 341. Undis. Gr. 388. 4. A. & S. 225. II. The waves are personified.—342. Quibus. Gr. 445. 8. A. & S. 206 (3). Omnes; sc. undas. - 345. Undis. Gr. 431. A. & S. 257. 346. Diem. Gr. 120. A. & S. 90. 1. N.. Nudata; sc. aquis, not foliis; as shown by fronde in next line. Some, however, make fronde ramis. 348. Redditus erat had reappeared. Apertum; sc. esse. Gr. 551. I. A. & S. 272. 349. Terras, subject, silentia, object, of agere. - 351. O soror, o conjux; i. e. thou who art my all. - 352. Patruelis origo. See on vv. 318, 319. Prometheus and Epimetheus were sons of Japetus. 353. Deinde is here, as often in verse, a dissyllable. See on dei, v. 339. — 354, 355. Terrarum... turba: the whole population of the earth. - 356, 357. Haec - satis

retreat.

=

not yet sufficiently certain assurance of our lives. 358. Tibi Gr. 387; 204. I. A. & S. 226 and R. 2. Gr. 510. A. & S. 261. 1. So haberet, v. 361.

396. III. 2. 3), (3). A. & S. 212, R. 3. -360. Posses. Gr. 486. II. A. & S. 260, R. 5. Quo-doleres ? who would console you in your grief? Gr. 431. A. & S. 257.-361, 362. See on v. 325.. -363. O utinam. Gr. 669. I. 2. A. & S. 305 (1). Possem. Gr. 488. 1 & 2. A. & S. 263. 1 & R. Paternis artibus by my father's art; as my father, Prometheus, made men of clay, and animated them with fire stolen from heaven.-364. Terrae. See on conchae, v. 333. — 366. Visum; sc. est. -367. Placuit (sc. iis) it pleased them; they resolved. 368. Sortes oracle. 369. Cephisidas; Greek form of the acc. pl. 3d decl. See Gr. 98. A. & S. 85, Ex. 2, which apply to adjectives as well as nouns. The Cephisus, or Cephissus, was the chief river of Phocis, flowing past Parnasus and Delphi. There was a large river of the same name in Attica, and several of less note in other parts of Greece. Undas. Gr. 386. 3. A. & S. 233 (3). — 370. Ut - secantes which, though not yet clear, were flowing in their wonted channel. - 371. Inde =ex Cephiso. Libatos — liquores = they had sprinkled the consecrated waters; as an act of purification before entering the Temple. - 372. Vestibus. Gr. 386. I. A. & S. 224. — 373. Themis. See v. 321.

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- 374. Pallebant

=

fortunes.

Deae were foul. Pallere is used of any unnatural, sickly color. — 376. Humi: =on the ground. Gr. 424. 2. A. & S. 221, R. 3. -378. Remollescunt. Gr. 508. A. & S. 261, R. 1. — 379. Dic. Gr. 237. A. & S. 162. 4. Themi. Gr. 94. 1. A. & S. 81, R.-380. Sit. Gr. 525. A. & S. 265. Fer. See on dic, v. 379. Mersis ruined. Rebus: Gr. 384. II. A. & S. 223. — 381. Templo. Gr. 422. 2. 255, R. 3 (6). - 383. Parentis limits ossa. — 385. 443. 2. A. & S. 205, R. 15 (6). R. 2. - 386. Det. Gr. 493. 2. tati. See on congestos, v. 153. volved in dark mystery. - 390. Promethiades. Gr. 316. A. & S. 100. I (a) and (b). So Epimethida, on which see also Gr. 93. I. A. & S. 80. I. — 391. Aut fallax- nobis either my penetra

=

A. & S. Prior. Gr. Jussis. Gr. 385. A. & S. 223, A. & S. 262, R. 4. 387. Jac-388. Caecis - latebris

-

in

tion is at fault. Nobis, for mihi. Gr. 387. A. & S. 226.—394. Dici. Gr. 551. I. A. & S. 272. — 395. Augurio = interpretation, explanation. Titania = Pyrrha, who was the granddaughter of Japetus, one of the Titans. Mota est. Gr. 516. I. A. & S. 263. 2 (4). 396. Spes — est but her hope is mingled with fear. 397. Monitis. See on jussis, v. 385. Quid. Gr. 380. 2. A. & S. 232 (3).—399. Sua post vestigia = post terga sua. -400. Credat. Gr. 486. II. A. & S. 260, R. 5. Nisi - vetustas tiquity were not witness for it; i. e. if it had not been believed for ages. On sit, see Gr. 509. A. & S. 261, R. 3. -402. Mora = gradually; after a time. Ducere formam: to take shape; to assume a new

= stat

form.403. Illis; dat. with contigit. -404-407. Ut — signis. The English order is, Ut quaedam forma hominis potest videri, non sic manifesta, sed uti coepta de marmore, non satis exacta, simillimaque rudibus signis. Cf. v. 370. De marmore coepta = just begun in marble. Simillima. Gr. 163. 2. A. & S. 125. 2. Signis uis. Gr. 391. I. A. & S. 222, R. 1. —407, 403. Quae - usum= whatever part of them was moist with any fluid and earthy, was changed into flesh; literally, for the use of the body. Corpus: =caro. Versa est; sc. ea pars.-410. Vena: the vein in the stone. 411. Spatio. See on tempore, v. 314. Numine. Gr. 414. 2. A. & S. 249. II. - 412. Faciem virilem took the form of men.- -413. Et — jactu= and woman (the female race) was restored by the throwing of the woman; i. e. from the stones thrown by Pyrrha.-414. Inde sumus; imitated from Virgil, G. I. 63. Laborum. Gr. 399. 2. 1). A. & S. 213.-415. Simus. Gr. 525. A. & S. 265. Origine. Gr. 425. 3. 1). A. & S. 246.

-

METAMORPHOSES. Book II.

THE STORY OF PHAËTHON.-Phaethon was the son of Phoebus, or Apollo, and the nymph Clymene, the daughter of Oceanus. His divine origin having been called in question by Epaphus, the son of Jupiter and Io, he appeals to his mother, who, after assuring him that he is the son of Phoebus, advises him to go to the god himself for proof of the truth of her story. He sets out at once, and Ovid here tells us the result of his visit to his father.

Pyropo. Pliny Flammas imitans -3. The prose order is, Cujus refers to regia.

1. Columnis. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. I.-2. makes the pyropus an alloy of copper and gold. is a literal translation of its Greek name. Cujus fastigia summa ebur nitidum tenebat. 5. Mulciber = Vulcan, the Roman god of fire, identified with the Greek Hephaistos, son of Jupiter and Juno, or, according to later traditions, of Juno alone. His father, in a fit of anger, kicked him out of heaven, and after falling a whole day, he alighted on the island of Lemnos, which became his favorite abode. Other volcanic islands also, as Lipara, Imbros, and Sicily, are called his abodes, or workshops. Homer places his workshop in a splendid palace on Olympus. The palaces of all the gods were built by him, and the ancient poets abound in descriptions of marvellous and beautiful things which he made for gods and men. - The ancients derived the name Mulciber from mulcere, to soften, and ferrum, iron. 6. Caelarat. Gr.