op-

Schwab, Gustav H., 251; speaks at
Syracuse convention, 261, 263; mem-
ber of canal committee, 263; dele-
gate to Buffalo convention, 1901,
272; to Albany conference, 1903,
282; advocates Davis-Bostwick bill,
284; speech in favor of bill, quoted,
285-288; at meeting of New York
Chamber of Commerce, 292;
poses Ontario ship canal scheme,
298; at hearing on Davis-Bostwick
bill, 299, 300; member of Mer-
chants' Association of New York,
339; member of state committee for
canal_improvement, 348, 351; at Ca-
nal Improvement Association ban-
quet, 354, 357; resigns chairman-
ship of Canal Enlargement Associa-
tion, 369, 387; canal papers, cited,
389 note; on committee to formu.
late plans for N. Y. State Water-
ways Association, 423; member of
executive committee of association,
425.

Scottsville, N. Y., 146, 164.

Scoville, Jonathan, bill in Congress
for purchase of Erie canal, 235.
Scoys (now Waterloo), 26.
Scriba Grange, pro-canal, 390.
Seamans, Clarence W., 304.

Seibert, Simon, canal advocate, 216.
Seine river, water from poured into
Erie canal, 442.
Senatsycrosy, 17.

Seneca, N. Y., petition of citizens for
canal, 85.

"Seneca Chief," canal boat, voyage

from Buffalo to Sandy Hook, 145,
341, 442.
Seneca Falls, trading post, 18; men-
tion by Augustus Porter, 26.
Seneca Indians (Sinnekes), keepers of
western door of the Long House, 6;
first mention of name, 17; occa-
sional journeys to the Hudson, 19;

castles, 30; trade encouraged by
Governor Burnet, 32-33.

Seneca lake (formerly Kanadasaga
lake), connection with navigable

rivers, 22, 23; sail boats on, 24;
Augustus Porter's journey by way
of, 26; Elkanah Watson's journey
to, 50; marshes adjoining, 130; con-

nection with Erie canal recom-
mended by Gov. Clinton, 137; sur-
vey for canal to Chemung river au-
thorized, 146; canal to Montezuma
built, 147; depth of water, 148;
connection with barge canal advo
cated, 402-403; bill prepared, 404;
recommended by superintendent of
public works, 404; mentioned, 411,
419.

Seneca Lock Navigation Company, in-
corporated, 82; rights purchased by
state, 147.

Seneca-Oneida-Mohawk river route for
barge canal, 287-288, 321.

Seneca river, tributary of Oswego
river, 22; value to the Genesee
country, 25; mentioned, 174; pro-
posed route of barge canal, 249,
257, 411, 503.
Seneca valley, 129.

Seward, Frederick W., 304.
Seward, George F., 304.

Seward, William H., governor of New
York, message, 1839, cited, 155;
speaks of benefits of canals, 181.
Seymour, A. P., of Oneida, 184.
Seymour, Henry, attends hearing on
canal terminal, 110.

207;

Seymour, Horatio, governor of New
York, 181; argument for abolishing
tolls, 189, 195-196; transmits S. B.
Ruggles' report, 201; speaks at ca-
nal convention, 1867, 204; chair-
man of conference at Utica, 1885,
remarks concerning Mohawk
valley, 354; recognizes value of ca-
nal as rate regulator, 361, 474; let-
ter, 1882, quoted, 453; opposes fed-
eral control of canals, 458.
Seymour, Horatio, Jr., plan for in
creasing depth of canals, 205, 212,
218, 228, 279, 336, 395, 437, 462;
estimated cost of plan, 229, 242,
460; presides at Canal Improve-
ment Association banquet, 353.
Seymour, Silas, engineer, 395.
Shafer, Edward C., 292.
Shaible, William G., 395.

Shankland, W. H., of Onondaga, 184.
Sharon, N. Y., 146.

Shayne, C. C., member of Commerce
Commission, 240; alleged opposition
to barge canal bill, 319.

Sheehan, William F., canal advocate,
216; lieutenant-governor of New
York, 392.

Shinnecock and Peconic canal, 172.
Shelburne, Earl of, letter to, from
Gen. Gage, quoted, 38.

Shepherd, Abraham, president of Ohio
Senate, 90.
Sherman, A. L., 384.

Sherman, Abiel, of Dutchess co., votes
against canal bill, 93.
Sherman, Frank E., 383.

Sherman, John, member U. S. Senate
committee on transportation, 452.
Sherman, Thomas W., report on Eng-
lish canals, quoted, 500.
Ship canals, route surveyed by gov.
ernment engineers, 294-295; Sena-
tor Davis's argument against, 330;
ship canals in Hungary, Germany,
Italy, Corinth, France, 435; Sena-
tor Hill's argument against, 436-
437, 511-513.

Sickles, H. J., 184.

Silver Springs Signal, in favor of
barge canal, 353.
Simmons, J. Edward, 304.
Simmons, William, 424.
Simons, Seward A., 253.
Sinnekes. See Seneca Indians.

Six Nations, described in poem, 7;
answer to Governor Burnet regard-
ing Wood creek, 33.
Skaneateles lake, location, 24.
Skate, -, of Buffalo, 1820, 109.
Skeensboro. See Whitehall.
Skene, Frederick, state engineer and
surveyor, 395; annual report quoted,
408-409; memorial on canalization
of Hudson river, cited, 426.
Skene, Philip, grant of land to, 427.
Skenneckity (Schenectady),

David

Ramsay's journey from, 25.
Sloan, George B., temporary chairman
State Commerce convention, 1899,
246; chairman committee on resolu
tions, 247; member of canal com-
mittee, Syracuse convention, 263;
delegate to Buffalo convention, 1901,
272; advocates improvement
Erie canal, 277.

of

Sloan, Capt. James, quoted, 109.
Smeaton, John, engineer, 107.
Smith, Alexander R., member of Com-
merce Commission, 240; delegate to
canal hearings, 254; speaks at con-
ference to organize State Water-
ways Association, 424.
Smith, Edward, of Buffalo, 392.
Smith, Ezra, contracts for part of
Champlain canal, 131.

Smith, Frank L., 406.

Smith, G. Waldo, delegate to Buf-

falo convention, 1901, 272; mem-
ber of committee of fifty of N. Y.
Board of Trade and Transportation,
364.

Smith, George B., of Chautauqua co.,
383.

Smith, George W., speaks at Com.
merce convention, 246.
Smith, Henry, 222.

Smith, Howard J., of Buffalo, quoted,

265; assistant secretary of Canal
Committee of Buffalo Merchants'
Exchange, 292; leader in barge ca-
nal campaign, 345; prepares data for
rural press, 373; member of Canal
Enlargement Association of West-
ern New York, 387.

Smith, Jeffrey, reports on Christopher

Colles' petition, 44; introduces bill
for improving Mohawk river, 46.
Smith, Job (or Joab), of Seneca
Falls, 26.

Smith, Joseph, Indian interpreter, 27.
Smith, L. Porter, member of canal

committee of Buffalo Merchants' Ex-
change, 292; leader in barge canal
campaign, 345.

Smith, N., chairman of assembly com
mittee of the whole, 46.

Smith, Paul, barge canal advocate, 385.
Smith, Roy S., of Elmira, 425.
Smith, William H., member of pro-

canal committee of Binghamton, 385.
Smythe, William G., delegate to Bui-
falo convention, 1901, 272.
Sodus bay, 277, 427.

Sohanidisse, 17.

"Sold Year" river ("Kettel" creek),
25.

Soule, Howard, engineer, 394.

South Hadley, Mass., first canal in
country, 74.

South Hampton bay, 147:
South Schenectady, N. Y., 295.
Southold bay, 147.

Southport, L. I., 371.

Spaulding, Elbridge G., state treas-
urer, 392.

Sprague, E. Carlton, canal advocate,

216.

Spraker, Daniel, Jr., of Sprakers, cir-
cular to Canal Advisory Commission,
quoted, 310-312; foresees difficulties
in canalization of the Mohawk, 414.
Spratt, Thomas, of Ogdensburg, 423;
member of executive committee of
New York State Waterways Asso-
ciation, 425.

Spring, Justice Alfred, favors barge
canal, 383; speaks at banquet of
Ithaca Business Men's Association,
402.

Springweiler, Philip W., member of
Constitutional convention, 1894, 392.
Squaw Island, proposed dam across,
Niagara river, 107, 111; embank.

ment, 112.

Squier, Frank B., canal advocate, 339.
Stadler, Charles A., proposition for
private ownership of canal, 307.
Staley, T. Romeyn, 406.
Stannard, Capt. Asa, shipyard on Sca-
jaquada creek, 109.

Stanwix, Brig. Gen., John, instructed
to build fort at Oneida carrying
place, 36.

Stanwix, Fort. See Fort Stanwix.
Steadman, William, built military

road, 28.
Steamboats, tax, 97.

Stebbins, I. N., president of Orleans

Fruit Growers' Association, 299, 300.
Steel, Joel, journey to Canandaigua, 27.
Stern, Louis, 304.

Stetson, Francis Lynde, address be-
fore Senate Finance Committee,
quoted, 420.

Stetson, Lemuel, 224.
Stevens, Allen A., 383.

Stevens, Frederick C., speaks at Wy-
oming county convention, 353; Su-
perintendent of Public Works, 417;
member of Canal Board, 418.
Stevens, Olin J., of New York, 422,
423; member of executive commit-
tee of New York State Waterways
Association, 425.,

Stewart, John., editor of the Canal
Primer, 391.

Still Water, canal to Waterford com-
menced, 60.

Stilwell, Stephen J., 406.

Stone, Col. William L., quoted, 136-

137.

Stoney creek, sluice in, 36, 37.
Stony Point, N. Y., 344, 380.

Stony Point Iron and Steel Plant, 328.
Storey, O. W., engineer, 394.
Stow, Ely H., member of pro-canal
committee of Binghamton, 385.
Stow, Horatio J., 224.
Stranahan, Nevada N., supports canal
survey bill, 256; advocates improve-
ment of Oswego canal, 277, 278.
Straus, Oscar S., 304; president of
New York Board of Trade and
Transportation, 364.

Strauss, A., of New York, 319.
Strong, Dr. T. D., 383.

Stumberge, F. S., of Malone, barge
canal advocate, 385.

Stuyvesant, Peter, letter to the Duke
of York, quoted, 19.

Suez canal, 219, 297, 325, 435.

Suffolk co., N. Y., votes in favor of

referendum measure, 393.

Sullivan, Thomas A., member of Con-
stitutional convention, 1894, 392.
Sunday Star, Binghamton, 273.
Suppau, C. V., of Austria, 116.
Susquehanna river, navigable, 21; out-
let of Otsego lake, 22; importance
to New York state, 179; conserva-
tion of water power, 408.

Sutliff, C. G., at Lockport canal meet-
ing, 379.

Swanston, J. Edward, 304.
Swartwont, John, 85.

Sweet, Elnathan, state engineer; plan
for ship canal from Lake Erie to
Hudson, 206, 321; argument in fa-
vor of enlarging Erie canal, quoted,
236; chairman of Board of Advis-
ory Engineers, 259.

Sweet, Sylvanus Howe, "Documen

tary sketch of the New York State
Canals" quoted, 317, 470.

Symons, Col, Thomas W., engineer,
107; history of Buffalo harbor,
cited, 113 note; predicts reduced
rate of transportation, 121, 308;
member of Roosevelt commission,
245; at dinner given to Gov. Roose-
velt, 251; at barge canal hearings,
testimony before Ways and Means
committee, 254; member of Board
of Advisory Engineers, 259; speaks
at Syracuse convention, 261, 262;
member of canal committee, 263,
265; preparation of barge canal
bill, 282; delegate to Albany con-

ference, 1903, 282; advocates Davis-
Bostwick bill, 284; reports cited by
Senator Lewis, 321, 322; at dinner
given by Merchants' Exchange of
Buffalo, 340-343; address at Canal
Association banquet, quoted, 372;
member of Advisory Board of Con-
sulting Engineers, 398.
Sympher, Dr. Leo., "Die Entwicklung
der preussischen wasserstrassen,'
quoted, 115 note; mentioned, 116,
280; disapproval of "electric mule,"

117.

Syracuse, N. Y., survey for canal to
Port Watson authorized, 146; canal
convention, 1886, 208; represented
at canal union convention, 1887,
212; canal meeting, 1868, 220; con-
vention, 1900, 260-266; trade af-
fected by differential rates, 261-262;
opposition to barge canal bill, 309,
314; senator from, absent from vote
on bill, 335; joint debates on barge
canal, 376, 390; prosperity advanced
by canals, 449; freight carried from,
in 1893, 454; freight rates to New
York, 455; salt industries, 509.
Syracuse Post-Standard, opposes barge
canal, 373.

Tayler, John, 440.

Taylor, Edward I., of Lockport,

speaks at Buffalo convention, 1901,
271.

Taylor, William B., engineer, 394.
Taylor Signal Company, 484.
Teltow canal, electrical equipment,
116-117, 280; siphon locks, 413.
Tennant, Willis H., of Mayville,
speaks at Syracuse convention, 261,
263; member of canal committee,
263; address at Utica, quoted, 266-
267; leader in the barge canal cam-
paign, 345; addresses Lily Dale
meeting, 359; joint debate with J.
I. Platt, argument quoted, 376-377.
Tenotoge, 17.

Terry, George L., 191.

Thames river, water from poured into
Erie canal, 442.

Thayer, Francis S., 169.
Thomas, David, engineer, 102, 103;
survey of Buffalo creek, 105; report
of survey of Buffalo harbor quoted,
107-108, cited, 110; report opposed
by James Geddes, 108; attends hear-
ing on canal terminus, 110; favors

Buffalo creek terminus, 112; sur-
veys routes from Seneca Falls to
the Erie canal, 147.
Thomas, Evan, 219; address at
Jamestown, quoted, 363.

Thompson, S. A., article in Engineer-
ing News, cited, 288, quoted, 510.
Thompson, Sheldon, contract to con-
struct pier at Bird island and em-
bankment on Squaw island, 111-112.
Thompson, Smith, 440.

Three River Point, trading post, 18;
junction of Seneca and Oswego
rivers, 22, 26; mentioned, 323;
canal meeting, 1903, 358; joint de-
bate on barge canal, 376; continuous
drop in canal from Lake Erie to,
402; on route of barge canal, 503.
Thurston, Conrad, 383.

Thurstone, William, secretary

of

Board of Trade of Buffalo, 187,
212; secretary of canal convention,

221.

Tibbits, George, of Rensselaer, advo-
cates canal bill, 94.
Ticonderoga (Ojeenrudde),

French

fort proposed, 30; Mohawks advise
English to build fort, 30.
Tifft, George W., vice-president of
canal convention, 204.
Tilden, Philip S., 364.

Tilden, Samuel J., governor of New

York, message, 1875, quoted, 186;
debate in Constitutional convention,
224; urges value of the canal as a
rate regulator, 361.

Tilden commission, 169, 243.

Tioga co. N. Y., votes against refer-
endum measure, 393.

Tioga co., N. Y., Board of Supervis
ors resolution, quoted, 175, 176.
Tioga Point, 171.

Tioga river. See Chemung river.
Tirandaquet. See Irondequoit.
Titus, Robert C., canal advocate, 216.
Todd, T. H., 175..

Tolls, first levied, 144; rates estab-
lished by constitutional amendments.
1882, 144; reduced in 1852 and
1858, 152; petitions to abolish tolls,
181-182; controversy on abolition of
tolls, 182-196; finally abolished, 196-

197.

Tompkins, Daniel D., governor, speech

1816, quoted, 84; suggests employ.
ing convicts, 88.

Tompkins co., N. Y., attitude on barge

canal question, 390; change of sen-
timent, 404. ̧

Tonawanda, N. Y., press supports
barge canal bill, 310; address by
George Clinton at, quoted, 349-350;
freight carried from, in 1893, 454;
industries, 490, 509; on route of
barge canal, 503.

Tonawanda Board of Trade, banquet,
344.

Tonawanda creek, navigable, 23; might
be used for canal, 88.

Tonnage duties, act of congress im-
posing, 130.

Toomey, Daniel F., 359; presides at
Dunkirk canal meeting, 375; edi-
tor of Dunkirk Herald, 383.
Towne, Henry R., canal advocate, 339.
Townsend, Charles, member of Harbor
Association, 106, 109.

Townsend, Martin I., of Troy, 222.
Townsend, William, votes for barge
canal bill, 336; address at banquet
of Canal Improvement Association,
quoted, 354-355-

Tracy, Albert H., member of Harbor
Association, 106, 109.
Trade routes, 21-36.
Trading posts, 18-19.
Travis, Eugene M., 406.
Tremain, Henry Edwin, of New York,

190; member of committee of fifty
of N. Y. Board of Trade and Trans-
portation, 364.
Trenor, John D., of the Greater New
York Canal Association, 339; com-
munication to editor of the Evening
Post, quoted, 391.

Trent river, storage reservoirs, 410.
Troup, Col. Robert, "Vindication of
the claim of Elkanah Watson to the
merit of projecting the state's ca-
nal policy," cited, 75.

Troy, N. Y., opposition to barge canal
bill, 314, 335; J. D. Kernan makes
address at, 359; city urges improve-
ment of upper Hudson, 426; pros-
perity advanced by canals, 449; in-
dustries, 493-495; on route of barge
canal, 503.

Troy Board of Trade, 221.

Troy Chamber of Commerce, barge
canal meeting, 387-389, 468.

Troy Times, supports barge canal bill,
309.

Truesdell, Charles, engineer, 394.
Truesdell, John P., member of com-

mittee on canals, 220; speaks at
Commerce convention, 247.
Tryon, Wm., governor of New York,
report concerning rivers of New

York, cited, 38 note; quoted, 39-40.
Tubbs, J. Nelson, engineer, 259, 394-
Turner, William A., member of pro-

canal committee of Binghamton, 385.
Turner, William, member of Constitu-
tional convention, 1894, 392.
Tuscarora Indians, added to the Five
Nations, 6.

Ulster co., N. Y., votes in favor of
referendum measure, 393.
Ulysses, N. Y., citizens petition for
canal, 85.

Unadilla valley, survey for canal
through, authorized, 146.
Union and Advertiser, Rochester, op-
poses barge canal, 373.

Union for the Improvement of Canals
of the State of New York, 205;
documents, quoted, 207; resolutions
against freight discrimination, quoted,
209; third convention, 211;
vention, 1892, 217-218.
United States, Board of Engineers on
Deep Waterways, report, cited, 65.

con-

United States, Commission to investi-
gate ship canal, 1895, 294.
United States, Congress, act of 1793
imposing tonnage duties on vessels,

130.

United States, Interstate Commerce
Commission, reports, quoted, 210-
211, 477-482.

United States, Senate, Committee on
Interstate Commerce,
report on
freight rates, quoted, 501.
United States, Senate, Committee on
Transportation, report, quoted, 452.
Urban, George, Jr., leader in barge
canal campaign, 345.

Utica, N. Y., work on canal at, 135;
memorial of citizens to the legisla
ture, 153; terminus of Chenango
canal, 161; mentioned, 174;
canal
convention, 1859, 184-185; canal
improvement conference, 1885, 207;
represented at Canal Union con-
vention, 212; canal meeting, 1868,
220; meeting to advocate ship
canal, 1835, 234; State Commerce
convention, 1899, 246-248; electric
power plant suggested, 279; banquet
of Canal Improvement Association,
353-358; joint debates on barge
canal, 376, 390; prosperity advanced
by canals, 449.

Utica and Black River R. R. Co., com-
plaint of freight discrimination, 210.
Utica Chamber of Commerce, dinner,

1900, 266; address of George H.
Daniels, cited, 308.

Utica Observer, quoted, 355.
Utica Press, report of J. D. Kernan's
speech, quoted, 360-362;
barge canal, 373.

opposes

Van Alstyne, Henry A., state engi
neer and surveyor, 395.

Van Auken, David, engineer, speaks at
Cohoes, 376.

Van Buren, Martin, speech in favor of
canal bill, quoted, 94; denies power
of congress to grant federal aid for
canals, 457.

Van Courtland, Gen., journey to Sen-
eca lake, 50.

Van Curler, Arent, trip to Oneida,
1634, 17.

Vanderbilt, Aaron, 364.

Van der Donck, Adriaen, quoted, 16.
Vanderpool, Isaac V., state treasurer,

392.

Van Dusen, A. A., 383.

Van Gorder, Greenleaf S., speaks at
Wyoming co. convention, 353.
Van Ingen, J., clerk of assembly, 79.
Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, journey to
Seneca lake, 50; member of West-
ern Inland Lock Navigation Com-
pany, 58.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, canal com-
missioner, 72, 79, 81, 439, 440; re-
port from joint committee of legisla-
ture, 86; attends hearing on canal
terminal, 110.

Venice, commercial decline, 420-421.

191.

Wagner, Joseph, votes for barge canal
bill, 336.

Wainright, J. Mayhew, 406.
Walbridge, Gen. Hiram, of New York,

address, 1863, cited, 200; advocates
canal improvement, 458.

Walden, Ebenezer, member of Harbor
Association, 106, 109.

"Walk-in-the-Water," steamboat, 427.
Walker, E. S., opposes ship canal,
206.

Wallace, James P., president of canal
convention, 221; speaks at banquet,
Wallenmier, John G., state treasurer,
392.

222.

Walton, Jonathan & Co., of Schenec-
tady, 28.

Warner, John De Witt, 304; alleged
to be opposed to barge canal bill,
319.
Warnick, Spencer K., votes for barge
canal bill, 336.

Washington, Gen. George, letter to
the Marquis de Chastellux, quoted,
41; has been credited with first
suggestion of Erie canal, 74, 439;
favored inland water transportation,
435:
Washington, D. C., national river and
harbor congresses, 422.

Washington, Co.,

petition for
extension of Champlain canal, 134.
Waterford, N. Y., 258, 300, 426;
freight carried from, in 1893, 454;
on route of barge canal, 503.
Waterloo, N. Y., (formerly Scoys),
26; canal locks, 149.
Watervliet, N. Y., population, 474.
Waterways, used by aborigines, 7-11;
earliest improvements, 36-47; water-
ways of Europe and Asia, 114-117;
traffic in U. S., 117-118; natural
waterways of New York, 177-186,
456.
Watson, Charles E., of Clinton, 354;
address at Canal Improvement Asso-
ciation banquet, quoted, 356-357-
Watson, Elkanah, quoted, 18;
missioner on canal from Wood creek
to the Mohawk, 44;, "History of
the Western Canals,' quoted, 44-
45; journal of journey to Seneca
lake, quoted, 50; report on route
for canals, between the Mohawk

com-