In one of the notes on the Comedy the Editor has inferted a reprefentation of a barrister dreffed in his gown; which, as containing an accurate delineation of the drefs of the time, we fhall take the liberty to copy: "And here," fays Mr. Hawkins, "occafion is given us to remark, that the gown now in ufe among barristers is not that which properly belo gs to their profeffion; for the prefent gown is made of light fluff; or, if thofe who wear them are within the bar, of filk; and is plain, not having tufts upon it; whereas the ancient gown was probably of cloth, and was, undoubtedly, faced with black velvet, and had on it tufts of filk, down the facings, and on the front of the arms: This is ftill the proper drefs, and recognised as fuch; for it is obfervable, that on the birthdays the King's Counfer appear at court in gowns exactly answering this laft defeription; and this continued invariably to be the conftant drefs of an advocate till the death of Queen Mary, in 1994, at which time the prefent gown was introduced as morning on the occafion, and, having been found more convenient and lets cumbersome than the other, has been fince continued.-The atterney, as well as the barrifter, was alfo anciently diftinguished from perfons of other profellions by his drefs; and indeed all trades and occupations were, in the fame manner, known from each other: the merchant ha one fort of habit, the foldier another, the artificer a third, and the husbandman a fourth; each fo different from the others as fufficiently to point out the rank of the perfon who wore it. In the fame manner the graduates and fludents of the Univerfities were not only. diftinguished from the rest of the world, but from each other, by the difference of their habits. The doctors in phyfic, muf and divinity, and alfo doctors of the civil law, though equal in degree, ufed to wear, and do now, on fome occafions, ftill continue to wear, habits peculiarly appropriated to the. feveral faculties of which they refpectively re; and it is neellefs te obferve, for no reader can be fuppofed to be unacquainted with it, that, at the Univerfities of Oxford and Cambridge, the habit of a mafter of ars differs from that of a bachelor of arts, or that that of a gentleman-commoner and fervitor at Oxford, or of a commoner and fizar at Cambridge, are ve y far from being the fame. In the drefs of the practifers of the common law, a like diftinction was obferved; the judge was dreffed in one manner, the ferjeant at law in another, the barrister in a third, which we have above defcribed, and the attorney in a fourth. What was the ancient drefs of the latter perfon may be feen from a cut inferted in the Author's Life; but at this day no trace of it is remaining among that rank of the profeffion. Habits peculiarly appropriated to the profeffion, or rank of the perfon who wore them, were originally intended and confidered as an ho nourable diftinction; but it should appear, from the very rare ufe of them, that they are no longer deemed fo; and thofe perfons who fhall, or have been, witneffes to the manner in which they are still worn (by compulfion as it should feem) by the young ftudents of Both Univerfities, would be almost inclined so thinks, that that drefs, or any other diftinstion which thould point a man out to be a fcholer, is regarded, by the younger part of them in general, rather as a difgrace than an honour.". As a flight fpecimen of the Gloffary to Ignoramus, we shall tranferibe ACTIO DEFAMATIONIS. Defamation is, when a man fpeaks flanderous words of any other man, court of justice, magistracy, or title of land; for which the party fhall be punished according to the nature and quality of his offence, fometimes by action upoa the cafe for flander, at the common law, and other times in the ecclefiaftical court. As if a man contrive any falfe news, or horrible and falfe lies, of prelates, dukes, earls, &c then an action de fcandalis magnatum will lie against hina, by the ftatute of 2 R. LL cap 5.; and this being proved, the party offending fhall be grievously punished; but for words of defamation againft a private man, there the party grieved thall have his action upon the cafe for the flander, and shall recover in damages according to the quality of the fault, wherein the quality of the perfon who is fo defamed is much to be confidered. Termes de la Ley." "ADVISAMENTUM. Advice. Advifare advifamentum. Confulere, deliberare, ruminare de re aliqua. Gall. Advifer, feu avifer. Vox Glanvilli & fori, etiam theologorum Spelmanni Gleffarium, ant. Advifare. Spenfer ufes the fubftantive advizement in the following paffage : Gramercy, fir, faid he, but mote I-wote, What ftrange adventure do you now purfue? Perhaps my fuccour or advizement meet Mote stead you much your purpofeto subdue." Spenfer's Earry Queen, b. ll, cant. 9. f. 2.9 7. And And Sballpeare, in his Comedy of The Merry Wives of Windfer, act Lic. 1, puts into the mouth of Sir Hugh Ewans these words: 'It is ant meet the council hear of a riot; there is no fear of Got in a tiot; the council, look you, fhail defire to hear the fear of Got, and n to hear a riot; take you vizaments of that? "FAMOSUS LIBELLUS. A libel. Libell, fibellus, literally fignifieth a little book, but by use it is the original declaration of any action in the civil law. It fignifieth alfo a criminous report of any man caft abread, or otherwife unlawfully published in writing; but then, for difference fake, it is called an infamous libel, famofus libellus.' C. art. Likel qualities in the object or thing; at first fcarcely current out of the parish, but by time and ufe extended over a whole county." Thefe laft we thould call Cant or Nick names, beneath the dignity of a Lexicographer, or Gloffographist; and, if admitted into our poets, not worthy of explanation. The books chiefly confulted on this occafion were, Ray's Proverbs, Tint Bobbin's Lancashire Dialect, Lewis's Hiftory of the ffle of Thanet, Sir John Callum's History of Hawstead, many of the County Hiftories, and the Gentleman's Magazine; from the laft the Exmore Stokding was entirely taken *. Several gentlemen, too respectable to be named on so trifling an occasion, have alfo contributed their aftitance. IGNORAMUS. Ignoramus is a word pro- "In felecting the words, fuch as only dif perly used by the grand inqueft empanelled fered from those in common use through the in the inquisition of caufes criminal and pub-mode of pronunciation were moitly reject fic, and written upon the bill whereby any crime is offered to their confideration, when as they miflike their evidence as defective or too weak to make good the prefentment; the effect of which word fo written is, that all farther inquiry upon that party for that fault is thereby ftopped, and he delivered without farther anfwer. It hath a refembiance with -that custom of the ancient Romans, where the judges, when they abfolved a perfon accufed, did write A. upon a little table provided for that purpose, i. abfolvimus; if they judged him guilty, they writ C. id eft, condemnamus; if they found the caufe difficult and doubtful, they writ L. id eft, non liquet. C." 4. A Provincial Glory, with a Collection of Local Proverbs and P pular Superftitions. By Francis Grofe, Elg. F.A.S. "THE utility of a Provincial Glossary to all perfons defirous of understanding our ancient poets, is univerfally acknowledged Divers partial collections have been made, swell received, and frequently reprinted. Thefe are all here united under one alphabet, and augmented by many hundred words collected by the Editor in the different places wherein they are afed; the rotation of mili tary quarters and the recruiting fervice have ing occationed him to refide, for fome time, in moft of the counties of England. - Provin qual or local words are of three kinds: "1. Either Saxon or Danish;' in general grown obfolete from difute, and the intro duction of more fashionable terms; and confequently only retained in countries remote from the capital. "2. Derived from fome foreign language as Latin, French, or German: but to corrupted by paffing through the mouths of illiterate clowns as to render their origin fcarcely difcoverable. 3. Mere arbitrary words, not deducible from any primary fource or language, but Judicrous nominations from fome apparent ed, nor in the arrangement, except in a few inftances, are they attributed or fixed to a particular county, it being difficult to find any word used in one county that is not alopted at least in the adjoining border of the next; therefore, generally arranged under the titles of North, South, and Weft Country Words. Those used in several counties in the fame fente, are pointed o t by the letter C, for common; and fometimes these are dif tinguished by the abbreviations var, dial, fignifying that they are used in varicus dialects. The Eaft country (carce afforded a fufficiency of words to forma a divifion." We have always found one infurmountable difficulty in forming a col. lection of provincial words in a living language, arising from the pronunciation. Our belt orthographers must confefs themselves decerved by it. Perhaps this cannot be better exemplified than in the London cries, where words are variously mutilated and abridged; and, fhould one of thefe criers be met in a distant county, his cry would be prefum ed provincial. Thus the pronunciation don., by no means proves that it is. of age, in different parts of the kingwritten av; they in by is to frequently foftened down, that be, in compounds, is by no means a provincial dialect, any more than my father, my lord, foftened into me father, me lord, in general converfation. Many words, alto fuppofed provincial, are in general use, Thus bees is a mere variation of beeves, or beafts. Bavin (not baven) is adopted in general acts of parliament, and as well understood throughout the realm as in Kent. The fame may be faid of coke, grit, groundfell, and other words. How much we want a gloffary to acts of It was first printed feparately in quarto, at Exeter. parliament parliament appears from the dealers in rubble, who, with balgers, are exempted from the fhop-tax. It is aftonishing how differently the fame pronunciation founds to different ears. Cart-rake, here given as the Effex term for a cart track, is nothing more than the drawling found of cart-trake. The next object of furprise with us is, how travellers and new difcoverers can bring away a vocabulary from a tract where they barely touch, or make but a short. ftay, and then compare it with vocabularies of languages better known. It may be doubted, affo, whether many of thefe words are ufed by two people in any country; for nothing is fo common as for the unlearned peafantry to coin their own words, on the fpur of the occafion; and many a mechanic, both in the capital and the provinces, has words and conceits at command. Cant, i. e. quaint words are the produce of every brain. Errors in grammar, in a language which, like our own, was not reduced to rules till within the laft 50 or 60 years, are alfo to be taken into the account. Upon a review of thefe confiderations, we must be allowed to doubt whether a gloffary of an unwritten language can be of much ufe for illuftrating writers, either in poetry or profe: it may, however, furnish amulement, and even fun.-In further proof of the effects of found, let it be obferved that we have feen crome fpelt croom, drazil drazil, eam, eme cald, eeld or eld, gairn, gar'n, todėl or toddle, taddle. Drinking between meals is certainly not confined to Kent; but every fet of, labourers, carpenters, &c. ufe it in the fame fenfe. Guile, if originally North, is ufed by every brewer in London. Lock! an exclamation of furprife, is look, or lack; as lack a day! which we have heard pronounced lawk a day! Tautle, like taddle, means dangling after a perfon, and is applied generally to children following parents or nurfes, and hanging about thein. Sammodibu would be pronounced Samowdidu; Say me how d'ye do? and th are controvertible letters in this and other inftances; as g and y in' gate and yate, galt and yalt. The local proverbs in this collection are enlarged from Fuller, Ray, and other writers; many of whofe explanaMons Mr. G. has ventured to correct, and, he hopes, to amend *. * See yol. LVII. p. iv. The popular fuperftitions are alfo collected from books, and the mouths of village hiftorians. This article is capable of great augmentation; for neither Bourne, Brand, nor Grofe, say any thing of the DUMB CAKE, at present the fubje&t of pantomime. 3. An Essay on the Depravity of the Nation, with a View to the Promotion of SundaySebo Is, &c. of which a more extended Plan is propofed. By the Rev. Jofeph Berington. WE have here a froth opportunity of renewing our acquaintance with Mr. B. in the character of a reformer of national manners. His complaints are undoubtedly juft; his reprefentations well founded; and his plan of amendment candid. Our only doubt is, whether the evil has not fpread too far, and the canker fo preyed on the vitals as to have enervated the national fpirit. Indolence, falfe modefty, faftidioufnets indifpofe too many to a concurrence in the general plan, and confpire to the relaxation of difcipline fo much complained of. In his views and wishes Mr. Berington appears to be one of the ten righteous men he speaks of. He fears that the zeal which first appeared in the bufinefs of Sunday-fchools begins to decline. We lament that so little attention is paid to the important bufinefs of education in general, that parents fuffer their province to be invaded by every pretender, of either fex, to the conduct of the rifing generation; who, while they profefs to take the great care of their morals, neglect them the moft,-happy if, by their felfish parafitical examples, they do not debauch and corrupt the moral principle. In our review of a former and larger work of Mr. B's, we faid that he lived in Worcester, inftead of Ofcot, near Birmingham; and, by fome mistake of our compofitor, his Reflections addreffed to the Rev. John Hawkins are faid to be addreffed to Sir John Hawkins. B amount to 15, viz. 7 medical, 4 philofophical, 4 phyfico-theological. Among the latter are, Reflections on the Subjects in difpute between Bishops Lowth and Warburton; and in the fecond clafs, The Principles of analysing Water, by Doors Wilson and Hall; a partnership account. plain fever to be one that is attended with no acute pain, or local inflammation. The epidemics which generally prevail from the height of fummer to the end of winter, or through the whole year, fuch are the ardent or seven day fever; thofe of nine or eleven, and thofe of fourteen or fifteen days. The crifis of a fever is not to be accelerated, but with caution anticipated. "The author intended to have added "It appears to Dr. W. that Bath wa"ters are no further either fulphurous "or chalybeate than they are impregnated by that pyritical ferment which fup." to this publication a fhort effay on the ports their heat. He thinks himself "advantages that would arife from a justified, therefore, in concluding, "more general ufe of the epiftolary mode that they derive their heat and their "of confulting phyficians; but being "characteristic qualities from the fame prevented, he poftpones it to fome immediate caufe." p. 31. This caufe "future opportunity." We fuppofe he he feems to think is, “ inflammable gas, means fending cafes to phyficians at a ** called alfo bepatic air, which he hail diftance; a mode we cannot approve of, "call the progeny of julphur, because he conceiving, that if a phyfician is of any “ does not think it can properly be ac- ufe at all, it is by his actual observation "counted the inflammable part of it of the fymptoms. Correspondence can only, but rather an inverfion of its only be adopted with physicians whose "fubftance, or corporal particles, into a practice is too extenfive, or to phyficians volatile and more perfectly inflamma- who have no other means of enablishing "ble modification." p. 33" It is im- a course of practice. poffible to determine in what quantity "the Bath waters are impregnated with this vapour." p. 36.-P. 40. He recites the general virtues of the Bath waters, that they give additional "warmth and vigour to the circulation, expand and enrich the fluids, foothe "any irratibility of the fyftem, and in "fome degree prove intoxicating and narcotic, plump the parts, foften the "fkin, and promote perfpiration; tend "to heal and dry up all fores, internal "or external, and fweeten the blood, "fbeathing and correcting any acrimony "therein; are not fit for plethoric ha "bits; and a too vigorous circulation "requires a low, cool dier, and to be "drunk in larger quantities than ufually "preferibed." In the article of fevers the Doctor obferves, that the term putrid, in ancient and modern practice, has changed its application; that it ought not to be applied to any fever of which the fick Tecover: every fever becomes putrid before it becomes mortal. Putrefaction and infection are quite different things. Infectious and epidemic diforders are too often confounded. He is of opinion, that the most obvious and direct predifpofing caufe of all fevers ought to be attributed to a morbid fate of the fkin, particularly to a decay or deficiency of the circulation of the red blood in its finer vefiels, to which it ordinarily extends in a flate of health. He defines a Dr. Willon's language is good; he writes with great eafe and fluency of ftyle; and his book contains fome ufeful obfervations on blifters and scalding water. But we are forry to add, that he fems to be evidently a ftranger to the modern doctrine of latent heat, which he fhould have given fome proofs of his having clearly comprehended before he prefumed to condemn. Had he been thoroughly mafter of that fubject, it is prefumeable that it would have afforded him a very different explication of the generation, or rather the emergence, of fenfible heat in Bath water. We are of opinion, that it is owing to fome caufe ftill more profound than even the Doctor's fubterraneous lake. We grant that fuch a lake would retain heat for a confiderable time in occlufo; but we are fill left in the dark in regard to the manner in which that heat was ori ginally acquired. When the Indian is asked how the world is fupported, he tells you, upon the back of an elephant; and, being pushed further, perhaps, adds, that the elephant ftands on a tortoife. Juft in the fame ftate has the Doctor left the explication of the curious phanomenon of the heat of Bath water. He inveighs, and not without reafon, against the abufes of the word putrid, as applied to frequently to fevers. But he forgets that this is not the error of the day, at least not amongst medical phi lotophers. Nor does he feem to be aware and an innocent proportion too, fhould be partakers of the "milk of human "kindness," than that our wicked aware that the real inflammatory fever is lefs frequent now than heretofore; or that the one which may with propriety be called putrid, or malignant, is, perhaps," and unworthy felves" fhould feel the proportionally more common. 5. A Letter to John Tobgn, Efq. late Member of His Me's Council in the Island of Nevis, for James Ramfay, 4. M. Vicar of Tefton. - THIS pamphlet, like the three former by the lame author, is printed and fold by J. Phiups, in George Yard The mid and, benevolent principles of the Quakers,, which inspired them with the earliest defire of putting a stop to human flavery, and the shocking traffic whereby at is kept up, led them to take under their patronage the Vicar of Tef toun Kent, who fist undertook to difplay its horrors and expofe its guilt *. Ir could not be imagined that the fairest eprefcutations, would not be appoted by intereft and falfe prefeription. Two anonymous attacks were made on Mr. Randy, who, in 1786, replied to them. He was answered in A fort Rejoinder, which rather attacks Mr. R's perfonal character, than his caufe, and that in very unwarrantable language; to the avowed author of which, he addrefles this Letter." rigours of Juftice tempered with mercy. Thus Mercy and Truth would meet "together-Righteoufness and Peace "would kifs each other." 7. The London Medical Journal. V. VIII. For the Year 1787. Par: 1. THE part we are now aurar ist completes the VIIIth volume of this valuable work, and contains the following articles. ART. 1. Cafe of an Extra-uterine Fretus. Communicated, in a Letter ta Dr. Simmons, by Michael Underwood, M. D. Licentiate in Midwifery of the Royal College of Physicians, and Phyfician to The British Lying in Hofpital in London. We have here the cafe, and a very curious and extraordinary one it is, of a Mrs. Shepherd, of Snow Hill, an healthy woman, who became pregnant in the year 1738, when in her thirtieth year and at the end of the fifth month, being violently frightened, fainted away. UpOn her recovery from this fainting, the telt fomething (as he expuffed it) break within her; and from this period her life was an aimoft uninterrupted ferics of pain and ustafinefs. Twentyone years after this fright, he began to void bones of a fœtus by ftool; and in the year 1774 it was computed that the had paffed, in this way, during the latt fifteen years, between four and five hundred pieces of bone, of different 6. A Later in the Treasurer of the Society infti sued for the Purpose of effecting the Abolition of the Stage Trade, from the Rev. Robert Boucher Nickolls, Dean of Middleham. THE worthy Dean, who is a native of the Wef ladies, though established in this country, fuggefts to the inquiry of the Society, that, if it can be prov-fizes. In 1778, when the had arrived *ed that the natural increafe of the ne 44 mind, that the became peevith, emaciated, refilefs, and, very foon after, maniacal. She continued in that state till her death, which happened not long ago; and having been removed into the country when the loft her fenfes, there was no opportunity of examining the body. at the age of feventy years, the received grbes already in the iflands would be a confiderable accellion of fortune, ully adequate to the cultivation of which (owing, probably, to a frame "them, and that fuch natural increafe enervated by forty years fuffering.) to would be fecured by humane treat-changed her temper, and deranged her ment, no argument could then be brought against the abolition of this accurfed traffic, but from the private intert of a few individuals on this fide of the Atlantic chiefly." He gives fome inftances, and urges feveral arguments in confirmation of this fug getuon; and exprefles an ardent with for the fuccets of the caufe: in which we heartily concur with him, accounting it no lefs effential to the interefts of Humanity, and our Holy Religion, that fo Jarge a proportion of the human fpecies, *See our vol. LIII. p. 858; LIV. 597 ; IAL 241 ART. II. Obfervations on Extra-Uterine Cafes, and on Ruptures of the Uterus. By Maxwell Garthfhore, M. D. F. R. S, and S A. Fellow of the Royal College of Phyficians at Edinburgh, and Physician to The British Lying-in Hofpital in London, "There are few things," fays the author of this paper, and very jully, |
