weather. 5. It remains to (à) know what they will think of that. 6. It may be that he will come. (subj. pres.) 7. Does it not thaw? 8. Must you do all that work to-night t? 9. There have been many complaints on that subject. 10. There would have been many more people, if it had not rained. 11. It was lightening, when we were on the road. 12. It has been necessary for us to come back as fast as we could. (past. ind.) 13. Would it not be better to finish it at once? An adverb is an invariable word which serves to modify the sense of a verb, of another adverb, or of an adjective. Examples : Vous êtes quelquefois beau- You are sometimes a great coup trop vif. deal too hasty. "Quelquefois, beaucoup, trop "are adverbs: "quelquefois " modifies the verb "vous êtes, beaucoup modifies the adverb "trop," and "trop" modifies the adjective "vif." Placing of Adverbs. 29 66 Generally place the adverbs modifying verbs next to the verb in the simple as well as in the compound tenses Ex. : Il agit prudemment il est venu aujourd'hui. He acts prudently. However the following adverbs are more properly placed between the auxiliary and the principal verb: But never place an adverb between the pronoun and the verb, as it is sometimes done in English: I seldom meet him. he always does it. Je le rencontre rarement. Besides the above adverbs, those most in use are: : longtemps, a long vite, quickly. time. maintenant, now. mal, badly. même, even. mieux, better. moins, less. naguères, formerly. means. y (là) there. IDIOMATIC ADVERBS. bon (smell) sweet. juste, (music)in tune. faux (music) out of tune. en ville, out. "Combien, how much, what: comment, où, where. how où, where: puis, then: quand, when :" are always placed at the beginning of sentences, or parts of sen tences. EXERCISE 152. 1. Que faites-vous ici? 2. Si je vais à Brighton, y irez-vous aussi. 3. N'avez-vous pas beaucoup marché aujourd'hui ? 4. Quand saurai-je si je puis compter, ou non, sur votre compagnie? 5. Monsieur A. dînerat-il chez lui demain ?—il dînera en ville. 6. Il a été reçu gratuitement dans l'école. 7. Combien avez vous payé votre habit ?-Je ne l'ai pas encore payé. 8. Où demeurez-vous maintenant ?-comme vous savez, je demeurais autrefois, rue de Londres : j'ai déménagé hier: mes meubles sont aujourd'hui chez un ami, et je m'emménagerai bientôt dans mon nouvel appartement, rue impériale, no. 65. 9. Cette demoiselle chante très haut, mais elle ne chante pas juste. 10. Ces fleurs sentent bien bon. 11. Il vaut mieux tard que jamais. 12. Marchons vite, si nous ne voulons pas arriver trop tard, et être placés derrière. EXERCISE 153. 1. Do you often go out? 2. I have not seen him yet today. 3. If you are to set out to-morrow, tell it me before. 4. Where is she? she is never here now. 5. We shall dine first, then we shall take a walk. 6. Have you not finished yet your exercise? when will you finish it? 7. Who has been there? 8. I went (past, ind.) to the theatre yesterday: (y.) did you go there also? 9. Do it immediately rather than later. 10. Is Mrs. A. at home? she is out. 11. If you cannot sing without singing out of tune, do not sing. 12. It (on) smells very sweet here. ADVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS. When adverbs consist of several words, they are called adverbial expressions. Adverbial expressions are always placed after the verb : The adverbial expressions most in use are: à bon marché, cheap. à haute voix, loud. à l'amiable, in a friendly way. à la mode, after the fashion. à quoi bon, to what purpose? à moins, for less. à l'avenir, for the future. à tort et à travers, at random. à vue d'œil, visibly. à bride abattue, at full speed. à pleines mains, liberally. avant-hier, the day before yesterday. après-demain, the day after to-morrow. comme il faut, gentlemanly, ladylike. çà et-là, up and down. de jour, in day time de bonne heure, early. de bon matin, early in the morning. de plein pied, on the same floor. de bon cœur, heartily. d'autant moins, so much the less. d'autant plus, so much the more. d'accord, agreed. de plus en plus, more and more. de part et d'autre, on both sides de pis en pis, worse and worse. de plein jour, in full day light. en bas, down stairs. en haut, up stairs. goutte à goutte, by drops. ici autour, hereabouts. ici près, close by. là bas, yonder. l'un dans l'autre,on an average ne-pas du tout, not at all. pardessus le marché, into the bargain. par terre, on the ground. presque toujours, most commonly. presque jamais, scarcely ever. tant pis, so much the worse. REMARKS ON SOME ADVERBS. 1. Que how! "Que," denoting admiration, is always followed by the nominative of the sentence: ex. How pretty this child is! Que cet enfant est joli? how well you speak! que vous parlez bien? 2. "Combien y a-t-il ?-jusqu'où ? how far?" "How far"? meaning "what distance is it?" is translated by "combien y a-t-il ?" "how far?" meaning "to what distance?" is translated by "jusqu'où"? Combien y a-t-il d'ici chez vous? jusqu'où irons-nous aujourd'hui ? How far is it from here to your house? how far shall we go to-day? 3. How long? 1. If the person you are addressing is still at the same place, or does still the same thing, translate "how long?" by "combien y a-t-il que ?" Combien y a t-il que vous êtes en Angleterre ? How long have you been in England? 2. If the person you are addressing is no longer at the same place, or has ceased doing a thing, translate "how long" by "combien de temps"? Combien de temps avez-vous été en Angleterre ? combien de temps avez-vous appris le Français ? 3. If you want to know How long were you in how long did you learn French? when the person you are addressing will leave the place, or will cease doing a thing translate "how long" Jusqu'à quand resterezvous en Angleterre ? jusqu'à quand apprendrezvous le Francais? by "jusqu'à quand? How long will you remain in how long will you learn 4. "It is long" is translated by "il y a longtemps." EXERCISE 154. 1. Cet enfant grandit à vue d'œil. 2. Vous parlez à tort et à travers. 3. Je ne sors maintenant presque jamais. 4. Il m'en faut tant soit peu. 5. A quoi bon tant de paroles? si vous ne pouvez me le vendre à moins, n'en parlons plus. 6. J'achète à bon marché, ou je n'achète pas du tout. 7. Arrangeons cette affaire à l'amiable; cela vaudra mieux de part et d'autre. 8. Il y a longtemps que je ne nous ai vu? 9. Combien y a-t-il que vous apprenez le dessin? 10. Combien de temps avez-vous été au bord de la mer cette année ? 11. Jusqu'à quand votre sœur restera-t-elle en pension? 12. Combien y a-t-il de Rouen à Paris? 13. Ne faites H |