Than prompt her to do aught may merit praise. supposing that the seeming reluctance of Jesus to What if with like aversion I reject be thus advanced, might arise from his being un Riches and realms ? yet not for that a crown, acquainted with the world and its glories, conveys Golden in show, is but a wreath of thorns, him to the summit of a high mountain, and from Brings dangers, troubles, cares, and sleepless nights, thence shows him most of the kingdoms of Asia, To him who wears the regal diadem, particularly pointing out to his notice some extraWhen on his shoulders each man's burden lies; ordinary military preparations of the Parthians to For therein stands the office of a king, resist the incursions of the Scythians. He then His honor, virtue, merit, and chief praise, informs our Lord, that he showed him this pur That for the public all this weight he bears. posely that he might see how necessary military Yet he, who reigns within himself, and rules exertions are to retain the possession of kingdoms, Passions, desires, and fears, is more a king; as well as to subdue them at first, and advises him Which every wise and virtuous man attains ; to consider how impossible it was to maintain And who attains not, ill aspires to rule Judea against two such powerful neighbors as Cities of men, or headstrong multitudes, the Romans and Parthians, and how necessary it Subject himself to anarchy within, would be to form an alliance with one or other Or lawless passions in him, which he serves. of them. At the same time he recommends, and But to guide nations in the way of truth engages to secure to him, that of the Parihians; By saving doctrine, and from error lead and tells him that by this means his power will To know, and knowing worship God aright, be defended from any thing that Rome or Cesar Is yet more kingly; this attracts the soul, might attempt against and that he will be able Governs the inner man, the nobler part; to extend his glory wide, and especially to acThat other o'er the body only reigns, complish, what was particularly necessary to make And oft by force, which, to a generous mind, the ihrone of Judea really the throne of David, So reigning, can be no sincere delight. the deliverance and restoration of the ten tribes, Besides, to give a kingdom hath been thought still in a state of captivity. Jesus, having briefly Greater and nobler done, and to lay down noticed the vanity of military efforts, and the Far more magnanimous, than to assume. weakness of the arm of flesh, says, that when the Riches are needless then, both for themselves, time comes for his ascending his allotted throne, And for thy reason why they should be sought, he shall not be slack: he remarks on Satan's exTo gain a sceptre, oftest better miss'd." traordinary zeal for the deliverance of the Israel. ites, to whom he had always showed himself an BOOK III. enemy, and declares their servitude to be the con sequence of their idolatry; but adds, that at a THE ARGUMENT. future time it may perhaps please God to recall them, and restore them to their liberty and native Satan, in a speech of much flattering commenda- land. tion, endeavors to awaken in Jesus a passion for glory, by particularizing various instances of con. So spake the Son of God; and Satan stood quests achieved, and great actions performed, by Awhile, as mute, confounded what to say, persons at an early period of life. Our Lord What to reply, confuted, and convinc'd replies, by showing the vanity of worldly fame, of his weak arguing and fallacious drift; and the improper means by which it is generally Al length, collecting all his serpent wiles, attained ; and contrasts with it the true glory of With soothing words renew'd, him thus accosts. religious patience and virtuous wisdom, as ex. “I see thou know'st what is of use to know, emplified in the character of Job. Satan justifies What best to say canst say, to do canst do; the love of glory from the example of God him- Thy actions to thy words accord, thy words self, who requires it from all his creatures. Jesus To thy large heart give utterance due, thy heart detects the fallacy of his argument, by showing Contains of good, wise, just, the perfect shape. that, as goodness is the true ground on which should kings and nations from thy mouth consult, glory is due to the great Creator of all things, Thy counsel would be as the oracle sinful man can have no right whatever to it.- Urim and Thummim, those oraculous gems Satan then urges our Lord respecting his claim On Aaron's breast; or tongue of seers old, to the throne of David; he tells him that the Infallible: or wert thou sought to deeds kingdom of Judea, being at that time a province That might require the array of war, thy skill of Rome, cannot be got possession of without of conduct would be such, that all the world much personal exertion on his part, and presses Could not sustain thy prowess, or subsist him to lose no time in beginning to reign. Jesus in battle, though against thy few in arms. refers him to the time allotted for this, as for all These godlike virtues, wherefore dost thou hide other things; and, after intimating somewhat re- Affecting private life, or more obscure specting his own previous sufferings, asks Satan, In savage wilderness ? wherefore deprive why he should be so solicitous for the exaltation All Earih her wonder at thy acts, thyself of one, whose rising was destined to be his fall. The fame and glory, glory the reward Satan replies, that his own desperate state, by er. That sole excites to high attempts, the same cluding all hope, leaves little room for fear; and of most erected spirits, most temper'd pure that, as his own punishment was equally doomed, Ethereal, who all pleasures else despise, he is not interested in preventing the reign of All treasures and all gain esteem as dross, one, from whose apparent benevolence he might And dignities and powers all but the highest ? rather hope for some interference in his favor.— Thy years are ripe, and over-ripe; the son Satan still pursues his former incitements; and, of Macedonian Philip had ere these Won Asia, and the throne of Cyrus held The deed becomes unprais'd, the man at least, Orders and governs; nor content in Heaven Wise or unwise, no difference, no exemption; Above all sacrifice, or hallow'd gift, For what is glory but the blaze of fame, Glory he requires, and glory he receives, The people's praise, is always praise unmix'd ? Promiscuous from all nations, Jew or Greek, And what the people but a herd confus'd, Or barbarous, nor exception hath declar'd; A miscellaneous rabble, who extol From us, his foes pronounc'd, glory he exacts." Things vulgar, and, well weigh'd, scarce worth the To whom our Savior fervently replied. praise ? " And reason; since his word all things produc'd His good communicable to every soul The slightest, easiest, readiest recompense From them who could return him nothing else, Are few, and glory scarce of few is rais'd. And, not returning that, would likeliest render This is true glory and renown, when God, Contempt instead, dishonor, obloquy? Looking on the Earth, with approbation marks Hard recompense, unsuitable return The just man, and divulges him through Heaven For so much good, so much beneficence! To all his angels, who with true applause But why should man seek glory, who of his own Recount his praises : thus he did to Job, Hath nothing, and to whom nothing belongs, Yet, sacrilegious, to himself would take Yet so much bounty is in God, such grace, That who advance his glory, not their own, With guilt of his own sin; for he himself, “Of glory, as thou wilt,” said he, “so deem; Judæa now and all the Promis'd Land, Obeys Tiberius ; nor is always ruld The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts, With Modin and her suburbs once content. Yet if for fame and glory aught be done, If kingdom move thee not, let move thee zeal Aught suffer'd ; if young African for fame And duty; and zeal and duty are not slow, His wasted country freed from Punic rage ; But on occasion's forelock watchful wait; : They themselves rather are occasion best ; But I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Zeal of thy father's house, duty to free Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes 'Thy country from her heathen servitude. The monarchies of the Earth, their pomp and state ; So shalt thou best fulfil, best verify Sufficient introduction to inform And regal mysteries ; that thou may'st know To whom our Savior answer thus return'd. With that, (such power was given him then,) he “ All things are best fulfill'd in their due time; The Son of God up to a mountain high. And time there is for all things, Truth hath said. It was a mountain at whose verdant feet If of my reign prophetic writ hath told, A spacious plain, outstretch'd in circuit wide, That it shall never end, so, when begin, Lay pleasant; from his side two rivers flow'd, The Father in his purpose hath decreed; The one winding, the other straight, and left between He in whose hand all times and seasons roll. Fair champaign with less rivers interven'd, What if he hath decreed that I shall first Then meeting join'd their tribute to the sea : Be tried in humble state, and things adverse, Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine; By tribulations, injuries, insúlts, With herds the pastures throng'd, with flocks the hills; Contempts, and scorns, and snares, and violence, Huge cities and high-tower'd, that well might seem Suffering, abstaining, quietly expecting, The seats of mightiest monarchs; and so large Without distrust or doubt, that he may know The prospect was, that here and there was room What I can suffer, how obey? Who best For barren desert, fountainless and dry. Can suffer, best can do; best reign, who first To this high mountain-top the tempter brought Well hath obey'd ; just trial, ere I merit Our Savior, and new train of words began. My exaltation without change or end. “Well have we speeded, and o'er hill and dalo, But what concerns it thee, when I begin Forest and field and flood, temples and towers, My everlasting kingdom? Why art thou Cut shorter many a league ; here thou behold'st Solicitous ? What moves thy inquisition? Assyria, and her empire's ancient bounds, Know'st thou not that my rising is thy fall, Araxes and the Caspian lake; thence on And my promotion will be thy destruction ?” As far as Indus east, Euphrates west, To whom the tempter, inly rack'd, replied. And oft beyond : to south the Persian bay, "Let that come when it comes; all hope is lost And, inaccessible, the Arabian drought : Of my reception into grace : what worse? Here Nineveh, of length within her wall For where no hope is left, is left no fear: Several days' journey, built by Ninus old, Of that first golden monarchy the seat, There Babylon, the wonder of all tongues, As ancient, but rebuilt by him who twice My error was my error, and my crime Judah and all thy father David's house Till Cyrus set them free ; Persepolis, Ecbatana her structure vast there shows, And Hecatompylos her hundred gates; There Susa by Choaspes, amber stream, The great Seleucia, Nisibis, and there Artaxata, Teredon, Ctesiphon, If I then to the worst that can be haste, Turning with easy eye, thou may'st behold. Why move thy feet so slow to what is best, All these the Parthian (now some ages past Happiest, both to thyself and all the world, By great Arsaces led, who founded first That thou, who worthiest art, shouldst be their king ? That empire) under his dominion holds, Perhaps thou linger'st, in deep thoughts detain'd From the luxurious kings of Antioch won. Of the enterprise so hazardous and high : And just in time thou com'st to have a view No wonder; for, though in thee be united Of his great power; for now the Parthian king What of perfection can in man be found, In Ctesiphon hath gather'd all his host Or human nature can receive, consider, Against the Scythian, whose incursions wild Thy life hath yet been private, most part spent Have wasted Sogdiana ; to her aid At home, scarce view'd the Galilean towns, He marches now in haste; see, though from far, And once a year Jerusalem, few days' (serve ? His thousands, in what martial equipage Short sojourn ; and what thence couldst thou ob- They issue forth, steel bows and shafts their arms, The world thou hadst not seen, much less her glory, Of equal dread in flight, or in pursuit ; Empires, and monarchs, and their radiant courts, All horsemen, in which fight they most excel; Best school of best experience, quickest insight See how in warlike muster they appear, In all things that to greatest actions lead In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings" The wisest, unexperienc'd, will be ever He look'd, and saw what numbers numberless Timorous and loth ; with novice modesty, The city gates out-pour'd, light-armed troops, (As he who, seeking asses, found a kingdom) In coats of mail and military pride; Irresolute, unhardy, unadventurous : In mail their horses clad, yet fleet and strong, Prancing their riders bore, the flower and choice From Egypt to Euphrates, and beyond, To whom our Savior answer'd thus, unmor'd. And Margiana to the Hyrcanian cliffs “ Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm Of Caucasus, and dark Iberian dales; And fragile arms, much instrument of war, From A tropatia and the neighboring plains Long in preparing, soon to nothing brought, Of Adiabene, Media, and the south Before mine eyes thou hast set; and in my ear, Of Susiana, to Balsara's haven. Vented much policy, and projects deep When that comes, think not thou to find me slack Thy politic maxims, or that cumbersome David's true heir, and his full sceptre sway But whence to thee this zeal? Where was it then When thou stood'st up his tempter to the pride The city of Gallaphrone, from whence to win Of numbering Israël, which cost the lives The fairest of her sex Angelica, Of threescore and ten thousand Israelites His daughter, sought by many prowest knights By three days' pestilence? Such was thy zeal Both Paynim, and the peers of Charlemain. To Israel then; the same that now to me! Such and so numerous was their chivalry : As for those captive tribes, themselves were they At sight whereof the fiend yet more presum'd, Who wrought their own captivity, fell off And to our Savior thus his words renewid. From God to worship calves, the deities “ That thou may'st know I seek not to engage Of Egypt, Baal next and Ashtaroth, Thy virtue, and not every way secure And all the idolatries of heathen round, On no slight grounds thy safety ; hear and mark, Besides their other worse than heathenish crimes; To what end I have brought thee hither, and shown Nor in the land of their captivity All this fair sight: thy kingdom, though foretold Humbled themselves, or penitent besought By prophet or by angel, unless thou The God of their forefathers; but so died Endeavor, as thy father David did, Impenitent, and left a race behind Like to themselves, distinguishable scarce Who, freed, as to their ancient patrimony, Headlong would follow; and to their gods perhaj • Between two such inclosing enemies, Of Bethel and of Dan? No; let them serve Roman and Parthian? Therefore one of these Their enemies, who serve idols with God. Thou must make sure thy own; the Parthian first Yet he at length, (time to himself best known) By my advice, as nearer, and of late Remembering Abraham, by some wondrous call Found able by invasion to annoy May bring them back, repentant and sincere, Thy country, and captive lead away her kings, And at their passing cleave the Assyrian flood, Antigonus and old Hyrcanus, bound, While to their native land with joy they haste; Maugre the Roman; it shall be my task As the Red Sea and Jordan once he cleft, To render thee the Parthian at dispose; When to the Promis'd Land their fathers pass'd: Choose which thou wilt, by conquest or by league: To his due time and providence I leave them.” By him thou shalt regain, without him not, So spake Israel's true king, and to the fiend That which alone can truly re-install thee Made answer meet, that made void his wiles. In David's royal seat, his truo successor, So fares it, when with truth falsehood contends. BOOK IV. THE ARGUMENT. Satan, persisting in the temptation of our Lord, These if from servitude thou shalt restore shows him imperial Rome in its greatest pomp To their inheritance, then, nor till then, and splendor, as a power which he probably Thou on the throne of David in full glory, would prefer before that of the Parthians; and ܪ tells him that he might with the greatest ease ex- sernal compeers to relate the bad success of his pel Tiberius, restore the Romans to their liberty, enterprise. Angels in the mean time convey our and make himself master not only of the Roman blessed Lord to a beautiful valley, and, while Empire, but by so doing of the whole world, and they minister to him a repast of celestial food, inclusively of the throne of David. Our Lord, celebrate his victory in a triumphant hymn. in reply, expresses his contempt of grandeur and worldly power, notices the luxury, vanity, and PERPLEX’d and troubled at his bad success profligacy of the Romans, declaring how little The tempter stood, nor had what to reply, they merited to be restored to that liberty, which Discoverd in his fraud, thrown from his hope they had lost by their misconduct, and briefly re- So oft, and the persuasive rhetoric fers to the greatness of his own future kingdom. That sleek'd his tongue, and won so much on Eve : Satan, now desperate, to enhance the value of his So little here, nay lost; but Eve was Eve; proffered gifts, professes that the only terms, on This far his over-match, who, self-deceiv'd which he will bestow them, are our Savior's fall. And rash, beforehand had no better weigh'd ing down and worshipping him. Our Lord ex- | 'The strength he was to cope with, or his own: presses a firm but temperate indignation at such But as a man, who had been matchless held a proposition, and rebukes the tempter by the title In cunning, over-reach'd where least he thought, of "Satan for ever damned." Satan, abashed, To salve his credit, and for every spite, attempts to justify himself: he then assumes a Still will be tempting him who foils him still, new ground of temptation, and proposing to Jesus And never cease, though to his shame the more: the intellectual gratifications of wisdom and Or as a swarm of lies in vintage time, knowledge, points out to him the celebrated seat About the wine-press where sweet must is pour’d, of ancient learning, Athens, its schools, and other Beat off, returns as oft with humming sound; various resorts of learned teachers and their dis- Or surging waves against a solid rock, ciples; accompanying the view with a highly- Though all to shivers dash'd, the assault renew finished panegyric on the Grecian musicians, po- (Vain battery!) and in froth or bubbles end ; ets, orators and philosophers of the different sects. So Satan, whom repulse upon repulse Jesus replies, by showing the vanity and insuf- Met ever, and to shameful silence brought, ficiency of the boasted heathen philosophy; and Yet gives not o'er, though desperate of success, prefers to the music, poetry, eloquence and didac- And his vain importunity pursues. tic policy of the Greeks, those of the inspired He brought our Savior to the western side Hebrew writers. Satan, irritated at the failure of that high mountain, whence he might behold of all his attempts, upbraids the indiscretion of Another plain, long, but in breadth not wide, our Savior in rejecting his offers; and, having, in Wash'd by the southern sea, and, on the north, ridicule of his expected kingdom, foretold the suf- To equal length back'd with a ridge of hills ferings that our Lord was to undergo, carries him That screen d the fruits of the earth, and seats of men, back into the wilderness, and leaves him there. From cold Septentrion blast ; thence in the midst Night comes on : Satan raises a tremendous Divided by a river, of whose banks storm, and attempts further to alarm Jesus with On each side an imperial city stood, frightful dreams, and terrific threatening spectres; With towers and temples proudly elevate which, however, have no effect upon him. A On seven small hills, with palaces adorn'd, calm, bright, beautiful morning succeeds to the Porches, and theatres, baths, aqueducts, horrors of the night. Satan again presents him- Statues, and trophies, and triumphal arcs, self to our blessed Lord, and, from noticing the Gardens, and groves, presented to his eyes, storm of the preceding night as pointed chiefly at Above the height of mountains interpos'd : him, takes occasion once more to insult him with (By what strange parallax, or optic skill an account of the sufferings which he was cer- of vision, multiplied through air, or glass tainly to undergo. This only draws from our Of telescope, were curious to inquire :) Lord a brief rebuke. Satan, now at the height And now the tempter thus his silence broke. of his desperation, confesses that he had frequent- “ The city which thou seest, no other deem ly watched Jesus from his birth, purposely to dis- Than great and glorious Rome, queen of the Earth, cover if he was the true Messiah ; and, collecting So far renown'd, and with the spoils enrich'd from what passed at the river Jordan that he most of nations; there the Capitol thou seest, probably was so, he had from that time more as- Above the rest lifting his stately head siduously followed him, in hopes of gaining some On the Tarpeian rock, her citadel advantage over him, which would most effectual. Impregnable, and there mount Palatine ly prove that he was not really that Divine Per. The imperial palace, compass huge and high son destined to be his “ fatal enemy.” In this he The structure, skill of noblest architects, acknowledges that he has hitherto completely With gilded battlements conspicuous far, failed; but still determines to make one more Turrets, and terraces, and glittering spires : trial of him. Accordingly he conveys him to the Many a fair edifice besides, more like Temple at Jerusalem, and, placing him on a point- Houses of Gods, (so well I have dispos'd ed eminence, requires him to prove his divinity My aery microscope,) thou may’st behold, either by standing there, or casting himself down Outside and inside both, pillars and roofs, with safety. Our Lord reproves the tempter, and Carv'd work, the hand of fam'd artificers, at the same time manifests his own divinity by In cedar, marble, ivory, or gold. standing on this dangerous point. Satan, amazed Thence to the gates cast round thine eye, and see and terrified, instantly falls; and repairs to his in- What conflux issuing forth, or entering in; |