ever fuits with the common opinion: but the most part of poets, by too great a paffion to create admiration, take not fufficient care to temper it with probability. Almost all the antient poets, however judicious otherwife, have been guilty of this fault, not to speak of the moderns.

have been ftill highly valued, not only in times of the greateft fimplicity, but among the moft polite ages of the world. Jotham's fable of the trees is the oldest that is extant, and as beautiful as any that have been made fince. Nathan's fable of the poor man is next in antiquity, and had fo good an effect as to convey inftruction to the ear of a king. We find Elop, in the most distant ages of Greece and in the early days of the roman 'commonwealth, we read of a mu tiny appeased by the fable of the belly and the members. As fables had their rife in the very infancy of learning, they never flourished more than when learning was at its greatest height; witness Horace, Boileau, and Fontaine. See APOLOGUE. ABLE is also used for the plot of an epic or dramatic poem, and is, according to Ariftotle, the principal part, and, as it were, the foul of a poem. See the articles DRAMA and EPIC.

In this sense the fable is defined to be a discourse invented with art, to form the manners by inftruction, difguised under the allegory of an action. Ariftotle divides the fable into fimple and compound: the fimple having no change of fortune; and the compound having a turn from bad fortune to good, and from good to bad. The contrivance of each fable must have two parts, the intrigue and the difcovery. The compound fable, according to Ariftotle, pleases most, as having molt variety.

Lord Bacon obferves that the use of allegorical poetry is to envelope things, whose dignity deferves a veil, as when the fecrets and myfteries of religion, policy, and philofophy are wrapped up in fables and parables. Others are of opinion that fable is fo effential to poetry, that there is no poetry without it; the fable being as much the form and diftinction of a poem, as the figure is to a piece of marble to denominate it a statue. It is requifite towards the perfection of a fable, that it be admirable and probable: however admirable the fable is, it can have no efFect if it is not probable; and probabiliy alone is too faint and dull for poetry, is what is only admirable is too extraagant and dazling. It is, therefore, of he utmost importance to be able to know ow to mingle these in fuch a juft temperament as may please the fancy, without nocking the reafon. The admirable is

that which is against the ordinary ourfe of nature; the probable is what

FABRIC, in general, denotes the ftru&ture or construction of any thing; but particularly of buildings, as a church, hall, houfe, &c. See BUILDING. FABRIC-LANDS, thofe formerly given towards rebuilding or repairing of cathedrals and other churches; for antiently almost every body gave more or lefs, by his will, to the fabric of the parish-church where he dwelt.

FABULOUS, fomething confifting of, or connected with a fable. See FABLE. FABULOUS AGE, among antient historians. See the article AGE.

FACE, facies, or vultus, in anatomy, comprehends all that part of the head which is not covered with the common long hair! See the article HEAD. Of the parts common to the whole face are, 1. The epidermis and cutis, or skin, the colour and fineness of which conftitutes the principal beauty of the face. 2. The fat, which being in confiderable quantity, and frequently covered with a fleshy pannicle, adds much to the beauty of the face. The parts proper to particular parts of the face are the mufcles and bones, which are defcribed in their proper places: befides which, we may likewise refer to the face, the organs of the fenfes of seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling.

See the

articles EYE, EAR, NOSE, PALATE, MOUTH, TONGUE, &c.

To thefe may be added the forehead, cheeks, temples, &c.

The chin is nothing but the angle of the lower jaw, with its fleshy integuments. See the article MAXILLA. FACE, or FACADE, in architecture, the front of a building, or the fide which contains the chief entrance. Sometimes, however, it is used for whatever fide prefents to the street, garden, court, &c. or is oppofite to the eye.

FACE of a fone, in mafonry, that fuperficies of it which lies in the front of the work. The workmen generally choofe to make one of thofe fides the face, which, when in the quarry, lay perpendicularly to the horizon, and confequently the breaking,not the cleaving way of the stone. FACE, in fortification, an appellation given

to

to feveral parts of a fortrefs, as the face
of a battion, &c. See BASTION.
The face of a place is the front compre-
bended between the flanked angles of two
neighbouring hations, being compofed
of a curtain, two flanks, and two faces;
and is likewife called the tenaille of a
place. In a fiege, the attacks are carri-
ed on against both bastions, when the
whole tenarile is attacked.

Prolonged FACE, that part of the line of

detence-razant, which is between the angle of the shoulder and the curtin, or the line of defence-razant, diminished by the length of the face.

FACE of a gun, the fuperficies of the metal at the extremities of the muzzle of the piece.

FACE, in the military art, a word of command, intimating to turn about: thus, face to the right, is to turn upon the left heel a quarter-, ound to the right; and, face to the left, is to turn upon the right heel a quarter-round to the left. FACE of plants, among botanifts, fignifies

their general appearance, which, being nearly the fame in plants of the same genus, ferves to diftinguish them at first fight. See BOTANY, PLANT, &c. The fame term, face, facies, is used by other naturalits to denote the like refemblance among other objects, as fishes, birds, &c. However it is proper to remark, that this refemblance is too fallacious to ferve as a generical character; fince things, belonging to very different genera, are fometimes found to be very like each other in external appearance. FACET, or FACETTE, among jewellers, the name of the little faces or planes to be found in brilliant and rofe diamonds. See the article DIAMOND. FACETANUS LACERTUS, the fame with the tarantula. See TARANTULA, FACIA, or FASCIA. See FASCIA. FACIES Hippocratica, in medicine, is when the nostrils are fharp, the eyes hollow, the temples low, the tips of the cars contracted, the forehead dry and wrinkled, and the complexion pale or livid. The facies hippocratica is chiefly obferved towards the period of the phthifes, and other confumptions, and is held a fure prognostic of death. FACK, or FAKE. See the article FAKE. FACTION, a cabal or party formed in a

ftate, city, or company. FACTION, in antiquity, a name given to the different companies of combatants in the circus. They were four, viz. the white,

the red, the green, and the hive: to sh Domitian added another of perpet They were fo denominated from colour of the liveries they wore, attwy dedicated, according to M. Aur. C dorus, to the four feafons of the year te green being confecrated to fpring, ther to winter, the red to fummer, and the white to autumn. It appears from n tient infcriptions, that each tadics its procurators and phyfician; and tim history, that party-rage ran to t among them, that in a diffenfion bersen two factions, in the time of Jutra almost forty thousand men lost their in the quarrel. FACTITIOUS, any thing made by in oppofition to what is the produce nature. Thus, factitious cinnater opposed to native cinnabar. See the ticle CINNABAR. FACTOR, in commerce, is an agent or correspondent refiding beyond the f or in fome remote part, commiffioned ty merchants to buy or fell goods on tõe! account, or affift them in carrying a their trade.

F

A factor receives from the merchants, Es conftituents, in lieu of wages, a com million or factorage, according to t ufage of the place where he refides, orie business he tranfacts, this being varici in different countries, and on the p chafes and fales of different commod He ought to keep ftrictly to the tenor s his orders, as a deviation from ther. even in the moft minute particular, 13poses him to make ample fatisfaction any lofs that may accrue from his naz obfervance of them: and it is very rea fonable it fhould be fo, as the diftance ot his fituation renders him unable to just of his principal's views and inter When unlimited orders are giver to f tors, and they are left to fell or buy e the best conditions they can, whate detriment occurs to their confitus, they are excufed, as it is to be prese they acted for the beft, and were gove ed by the dictates of prudence. B bare commiffion to fell not fu authority for the factor to trust any po fon, wherefore he ought to receive money on the delivery of the goods; a

by the general power, he may not r
beyond one, two, or three months,
the ufual time allowed in fales, otherw
he shall be answerable out of his t
eftate. If a factor fells on the afval
to a person of good credit, who

wards becomes infolvent, he is difcharged; but not if the man's credit was bad at the time of fale. If a factor give a man time for payment of money contracted on fale of his principal's goods, and, after that time is elapled, fell him goods of his own for ready money, and the man becomes infolvent, the factor in equity ought to indemnify his principal, but he is not compellable by the common law. A factor fhould always be punctual in the advices of his tranfactions, in fales, purchafes, freights, and more especially in draughts by exchange: he fhould never deviate from the orders he receives in the execution of a commiffion for purchafing goods, either in price, quality, or kind; and if, after goods are bought, he fends them to a different place from what he was directed to, they must remain for his own account, except the merchant, on advice of his proceedings, admits them according to his fiaft intention. A factor that fells a commodity under the price he is ordered, fhall be obliged to make good the difference: and if he purchafes goods for another at a price limited, and afterwards they rife, and he fraudently takes them for his own account, and fends them to another part, in order to fecure an advantage that feemingly offers, he will, on proof, be obliged, by the custom of merchants, to fatisfy his principal for damages. If a factor, in conformity with a merchant's orders, buys with his money, or on his credit, a commodity he shall be directed to purchase; and, without giving advice of the tranfaction, fells it again to profit, and appropriates to himself the advantage, the merchant shall recover it from him, and befides have him amerced for his fraud. When factors have obtained a profit for their principal, they must be cautious how they difpole of it; for if they act without commiffion, they are refponfible: and if a merchant remits goods to his factor, and about a month after draws a bill on him, the factor, having effects in his hands, accepts the bill, then the principal breaks, and the goods are feized in the factor's hands for the behalf of the creditors, it has been conceived the factor must answer the bill notwithstanding, and come in a creditor for fo much as he was obliged, by reafon of his acceptance, to pay. A factor who enters into a charter party with a mafter for freight, is obliged by the contract; but if he loads aboard generally, the principal and the lading are liable for

the freightment, and not the factor. If a factor, having money in his hands belonging to his principal, neglect to infure a hip and goods, according to order, if the ship milcarry, the factor, by the custom of merchants, fhall make good the damage; and if he make any composition with the infurers after insurance, without orders fo to do, he is answerable for the whole insurance.

As fidelity and diligence are expected from the factor, fo the law requires the like from the principal; if, therefore, a merchant remits counterfeit jewels to his factor, who fells them as if true; if he receive lots or prejudice by imprisonment or other punishment, the principal shall not only make full fatisfaction to the face tor, but to the party who bought the jewels.

What is here faid of factors, is meant of fuch as refide abroad to act for merchants, and may be applied to supercargoes, who go a voyage to difpofe of a cargoe, and afterwards return with another to their principals, but it is also the cuftom of the merchants of the highest credit throughout the world, to act mutually in the capacity of factors for each other. The business fo executed is called commiffion-butiness, and is generally defirable by all merchants, provided they have always effects in their hands, as a fecurity for all the affairs which they tranfact for the account of others. And this clafs of traders of eftablished reputation, have current as well as commiflion account, conftantly between them, and draw on, remit to, and fend commiflions to each other only by the intercourfe of letters which, among men of honour, are as obligatory and authoritative as all the bonds and ties of law.

FACTOR, in multiplication, a name given to the multiplier and multiplicand, becaufe they conftitute the product. See the article MULTIPLICATION, &c. FACTORAGE, called alio commiffion, is the allowance given to factors by the merchant who employs them. The gain of factorage is certain, however the voyage or fale prove to the merchant: but the commiffions vary; at Jamaica, Barbadoes, Virginia, and molt of the weftern parts of the world the commiflion runs at 8 per cent. generally through Italy, 21; in France, Spain, and Portugal, &c, 2; and in Holland, and other places near home, 1 per cent. FACTORY is a place where a confiderable number of factors refide, to negotiate

for

for their masters and employers. See the article FACTOR.

The most confiderable factories belonging to the British are those established in the Eaft Indies, Portugal, Turky, &c. FACTUM, in arithmetic, the product of two quantities multiplied by each other. FACULÆ, in aftronomy, certain bright and fhining parts, which the modern aftronomers have, by means of telescopes, obferved upon or about the furface of the fun they are but very feldom feen. See the article SUN.

FACULTY, in law, a privilege granted to a perfon, by favour and indulgence, of doing what, by law, he ought not to do.

See

For granting these privileges, there is a court under the archbishop of Canterbury, called the court of the faculties, the chief officer whereof is ftyled mafter of the faculties, who has a power of granting difpenfations in divers cafes, as to marry without the bans being first pub. lifhed; to eat flesh on days prohibited; to ordain a deacon under age; for a fon to fucceed his father in his benefice; a clerk to hold two or more livings, &c. FACULTY, in the fchools, a term applied to the different members of an univerfity, divided according to the arts and sciences taught there: thus in most universities there are four faculties, viz. 1. Of arts, which include humanity and philofophy. 2. Of theology. 3. Of phyfic. And, 4. Of civil law. The degrees in the feveral faculties of our univerfities are those of batchelor, maßler, and doctor. the articles DEGREE, BATCHELOR, &c. FACULTY of advocates, a term applied to the college or fociety of advocates in Scotland, who plead in all actions before the court of feffion. They meet in the beginning of every year, and choofe the annual officers of the fociety, viz. dean, treasurer, clerks, private and public examinators, and a curator of their library. The manner of admiffion into the faculty of advocates is by a trial in the civil law, and fcotch law: the perfon defiring to be admitted, having, upon petition, obtained a recommendation to the dean of the faculty, he giveth a remit to the private examinators, who are nine in number, and who, after their election, having divided the body of the civil law into nine parts, each taking one, appoint a diet for examination: in this diet there must be at leaft feven prefent, each of whom examines the candidate; and the que

ftion being afterwards put, Qualified, yea or no? they give their opinion by bal loting, upon which the candidate is ei ther admitted by figning his petition, or remitted to his ftudies. After the private trial, the dean of the faculty affigns the candidate a title of the civil law, for the fubject of a thefis, which being diftribut ed among the advocates, the faculty met on a day appointed, when three at let of fifteen public examinators difpuz against the thefis; and afterwards the fr culty give their opinions by balloting, a in the private trial. If the candidate is found qualified, the dean affigns him a law for an harangue before the lords, which harangue being made, he is admitted a member of the faculty, upon paying the fees, taking the oaths to the government, and an oath to be faithful in his office.

FACULTY is also used to denote the powers of the human mind, viz. understanding, will, memory, and imagination. See the articles UNDERSTANDING, E The doctrine of the use and obje&ts of the mental faculties, fays lord Bacon, bis two parts well known, viz. logic and ethics, the one producing refolutions and the other actions. The imagination, in deed, on both fides performs the office of agent or embaffador, and affifts alike in the judicial and minifterial capacity. Wolfius, in his Analyf. Pfycholog, after eftablishing the existence of the foul, con fiders it with respect to its faculty of u derftanding, which he diftinguishes in fuperior and inferior. The inferior comprehends perception, the source of ideas, thought, imagination, the power of feigning, memory, forgetfulness, and rec lection. The fuperior part of the faculty of understanding confifts in attention and reflection, in understanding in general, and its three operations in particular, and in the natural difpofitions of the underftanding. The fecond general faculty of the foul, is that of defiring an object, confidered as a good; from whence refults the contrary determination, when it is looked upon as an evil. This faculy he alfo diftinguishes into inferior and perior: the firft is nothing elfe than the fenfitive appetite, the defire or averfion we entertain for objects, when we allow our felves to be guided by the confufed ideas of our fenfes; hence arife the paffions: the fuperior part is the will, confidered i far as it is determined by diftinct ideas, exempt from all mechanical impreflions;

and