pears to have been in want of means to support his high station, and to have had recourse to the kindness of his friends. Through Cromwell, who was now secretary of state, (from whom he conceals not his obligations apparently of the same kind to others,) he had solicited from the Crown a loan of money. His application appears by the following acknowledgment to have been successful.

"Right worshipful Master Cromwell, in my right hearty manner I commend me unto you. So it is that I lately received certain letters from my friend doctor 2 Goderich, by whom I do perceive that you have not only spoken to the king's Highness for the loan of a thousand marks to my use, (whose pleasure is, as the same Master Goderich writeth, that I shall receive of you, at this time, five hundred pounds and no more,) but also have practised with my lord of Wiltshire, and

1

Original MS. Chapter-House at Westminster.

Goderich was on the
He was soon after-

' Dr. Goodrich, or Goderich, was fellow of Jesus Coll. Camb. at the same time with Cranmer. They proceeded together in 1510 and 1514, to their degrees in arts. side of the king in the Cambridge decision. wards appointed chaplain to Henry, by whom he was promoted to the see of Ely, in March, 1533-4. He was often joined in important proceedings with Cranmer. Under him, says Strype, the Reformation succeeded well. See also Masters, Hist C.C.C. Camb. 296.

others, which at this time do claim many duties of me; for which your kindness I do heartily thank you; praying you to cause the same five hundred pounds to be delivered to my secretary, Thomas Berthelet, this bearer, which shall deliver unto you an obligation for the payment thereof at such day as is expressed in the same.-From Otford, the xxvjth day of November, [1533.] Your own assured,

"THOMAS CANTUAR."

It was on the 'following day that he transmitted his own appeal to the General Council, which, as well as that of his sovereign, the pontiff disregarded. Both were presented, though not at the same time, by Bonner, then the king's agent, and afterwards the noted bishop of London. To him the pontiff signified at Marseilles that the appeal of Henry was unlawful. The subsequent presentation of Cranmer's in a peremptory and offensive manner occasioned a threat from Clement, that he would throw the rude ambassador into a cauldron of melted lead, who therefore made a precipitate retreat from the scene of his insolence. -But at this time 2 other ambassadors had been sent to Marseilles, apparently under a hope of reconciliation with the pontiff, between whom and the French king there was then a meeting at that

2 Sir F. Brian and Stephen Gardiner. Burnet.

place, when the interference of Francis was friendly, and terms of adjustment are believed to have been proposed. For, at his return to Paris, Francis sent Bellay, bishop of that diocese, to England, in order to forward the negociation. In this object the French prelate was led to think that he had succeeded. His next was, to hasten with the intelligence of it to Rome. There the violence of the cardinals, devoted to the emperor, destroyed all that had been expected from this fresh address to Clement, whom they finally led both to rescind the sentence of Cranmer, and to confirm the marriage of Henry with Catharine. But had the pontiff given a sentence in favour of the king, it would have been of no service to the dominion that was now expiring in this country. Bellay had no sooner left England, than the party which sided with Cranmer, resolved to be independent of the see of Rome. Whether Henry himself was sincere in permitting the French prelate to negociate, it matters not. The parliament 'now soon assembled, and the ensuing year opened with proceedings which at once severed the nation from its disgraceful thraldom; 52 England for

1 January 15, 1533-4.

2 Dr. Jackson's works, fol. ed. 1673, iii. 949. Of this sound and vigilant divine, the beloved and honoured president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and dean of Peterborough, let me add what was said by the pious and learned Barnabas Oley: "I bless God for the confirmation which Dr. Jackson

that blind and slavish obedience, which in respect of other nations she performed to the see of Rome, having been by Italians and other foreigners not unfitly termed the pope's ass."

bath given me in the Christian religion against the Atheist, Jew, and Socinian; and in the Protestant, against Rome." Pref. to Dr. Jackson's works. He died in 1640. His three volumes are an invaluable treasure both of argumentative and practical discourses.

CHAPTER V.

1534 to 1535.

Acts of Parliament abolishing the papal supremacy-The archbishop a principal framer of them-Declarations of public bodies to the same purpose-Beneficial consequences to the nation—Oaths to maintain the Act respecting the succession to the Crown required—Sir Thomas More and bishop Fisher refuse to take the oaths-The archbishop proposes to Cromwell a measure in their behalf-He intercedes for pardon from the king to the Convent at Canterbury in which were some of the friars concerned in the delusion of the Nun of Kent-Sends to Cromwell some who had slandered the king and queen-The king's proclamation for preaching the true Word of God, and against the see of Rome-The archbishop obeys it, and impugns the Romish doctrine of remission of sins-A prior preaches against him-The archbishop writes to the king-Suffragan bishops continued-Speech of the archbishop, referring to the late Acts-Recommends a new version of the Bible for the use of the common people— Anecdotes to the same purpose of bishop Bedell and Fulgentio-The Primer.

THE importance of the laws that now were passed illustrates the vigilance and acuteness of the archbishop, in order to the entire abolition of the power and profits of the pontiff. In the formation of all