vulnerable parts were discovered in our poffeffions, it was the duty of Minifters to give notice of the circumftance, that the deficiency might, as foon as poffible, be fupplied. It was pleafing to reflect, that, for our neceflarily-increafed expences, our profperous and rifing commerce promifed an ample fund. But were it otherwife, the price was not to be regarded, but the value of the purchafe. The glory of the empire has been retrieved, and it once more affumes its wonted elevation of rank amongst the nations of the earth. After a long and calamitous war, during a great part of which we fought only for existence, the world fees with wonder, that, at the calls of juftice and honour, we inftantly refume our arms, and prepare to renew thofe exertions which Europe had often wirnefled with a mixture of terror and admiration. The debt of gratitude to Holland is discharged; to her we owe the bleffings derived from the Revolution; and we, in return, have freed her from the horrors of ariftocratic tyranny. These reciprocal fervices would, he hoped, cement a connection between both countries, which neither chan e nor intrigue could diffolve. He concluded wich moving the addrets. Mr. Brooke, member for Newton in Lancashire, feconded the motion. Having, he faid, very extended connections in that large manufacturing county, he was happy to find that their gencial gratitude to Miniftry, for their recent conduct, was not lefs than he felt individually. He then expatiated, in general terms, on the merits of his Majesty's prefent fervants, but in a voice fo low as to be scarcely audible. He obferved, from Shakspeare, that There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. This tide the Minifters had happily taken at the flood; and, partly by their own prudence, and partly by a concurrence of fortunate circumftances, had obtained advantages, which might previously have been thought to be icarcely within the limits of pellibility. Lord Fielding faid, every praife was due to thofe exertions which had contributed to refcue the United Provinces from anarchy, and the wiles of our natural enemy. But, in his opinion, fomething more should have been done; the port of Cherbourg, which the French were fortifying at fuch immense expence, would probably prove a thorn in the fide of England. The deftruc tion of their works in this harbour thould have been a fine qua non in the late negotiation. Cherbourg was built upon a peninsula that ftretched into the bafon was rendered capable of receiving middle of our channel; and, when the large veffels, England had every thing to fear. He was, however, by no means hoftile to the addrefs in general; he did not confider himself pledged to but defired to have it understood, that fupport the fubject in all its parts, but, on the contrary, to retain a right of dif cuffing it on a future occafion with the greatest freedom. probation of his Majesty's conduct; and Lord Hood joined in the general apmentioned, with a patriotic fatisfaction, the ardour he had witneffed in both officers and feamen for fupporting the honour and interefts of their country. It was fuch as he had never before obvinced that, if it had been neceffary to ferved among them; and he was condraw the fword, they would have equalled the moft gallant achievements which the proudeft æra of English naval glory could boaft. The French, he faid, were reflefs and ambitious, and must be closely watched if we wished for the continuance of peace; yet, in his opinion, no precautions on our part therefore, his earnett with, that all the could give it permanency. It was, remote poffeflions of the kingdom might be put, with all poffible ipeed, in the he faid, were in a moft wretched conbeft ftate of defence. Some of them, dition, particularly the yards for careening, &c. in Jamaica. Were he to defcribe the fituation in which he found them after Lord Rodney's victory, the Houfe would fuppofe that his relation was highly exaggerated. of the prefent addrefs was to much in Mr. Fox faid, the leading principle unifon with his own opinion, that he could not refufe it his moft cordial conpropriety of our interference, not only currence. He had always afferted the in the affairs of Holland, but in those purpose of preferving the balance of of every state on the continent, for the nation to relinquish that opinion, even power. Nor did he feel the least incliwhen it had been treated in that Houfe as the refult of antiquated and exploded politics, and ftigmatized as the effect of idle and illiberal prepoffeffion. But now we are folemnly called upon by Majesty and exploded, this idle and illiberal to approve and adopt this antiquated fyftem s Summary of Proceedings in the present Seffion of Parliament. fyftem; and to the experience of a few months only do we owe this ftriking change of opinion.-Here Mr. Fox triumphed on the verification of his predictions the last feffion; but it was the triumph of a man of fenfe and magnanimity; it was modest and moderate; a manly vindication of his own opinion, alike free from unbecoming exultation, pointed retort, or perfonal allufion, He then faid, he could by no means agree in the apprehenfios of his noble, colleague (Lord Hood) refpecting the approach of a war; yet it was not from French profeffions of amity, but from French inability, that he derived his fecurity. Attention to our foreign dependencies was undoubtedly proper, but he was yet to learn that they were in fuch a fate of infecurity as to render the recommendation refpecting them neceffary. He had been one of that adminiftration which formed the late peace establishment; and that it was not deemed cenfurable by their fuccellors in office, was obvious from their not having attempted to alter it. But, however this may be, each article should meet a feparate difcuffion, and the Houfe, therefore, could not confider itself as fo far pledged by the prefent vote, as not to refufe their affent to any particular which, on a future enquiry, may ap pear to be unneceffary. Of the late tranfactions, generally fpeaking, he readily admitted the merits; but he must look upon the work as incomplete until a ftrong connection is formed with the United Provinces. He would not, however, enquire now whether proper fteps had been taken for this purpofe. He knew that in every matter of foreign policy, and more particularly while any Begotiation was pending, too much fecrecy could not be obferved. He would therefore repeat it, merely as his opinion, that, though on enquiry Minifters may be found hitherto to have done their duty, yet, should this object be overlooked, their conduct in a collective view would merit reprehenfion. He next directed his attention to the treaty with the Landgrave of Helle. On this business he was yet uninformed whether it was intended merely to ferve a temporary purpofe, or had its origin ia a policy more extended and permanent. He would confefs that he had no objection to fubfidiary treaties; they were often ufeful, particularly when, in confequence of them, the military eltablishment at home was reduced. 47 But on this, as on the other particulars of the fpeech, it was not his intention to dwell until the neceffary explanations were given on a future day. Of this nature, he obferved, was the condition alluded to in the fpeech, that our forces fhould be reduced to a level with thofe of France: was it intended that they fhould fill be kept down to that standard; and were the naval forces only to be reduced? He hoped that fuch notions were not entertained. The alliance of Spain with France had been long as close as if the former were a part of the latter kingdom; could it then be fuppofed that we fhould remain inert fpectators of that country's ef forts? It was obviously the policy of this kingdom to observe the compara tive ftrength of both, and thence to regulate our future exertions. The appointment of Admiral Pigot to the command of the fuperior fquadron was an act equally honourable to Adminif tration and to that brave officer; it was alfo an eulogium on that Ministry who had formerly appointed him to the command of the fleet in the West-Indies. It was an unequivocal approbation of their choice; though they had incurred much abufe on that account, of which he had borne a fhare. Having thus curforily mentioned thofe circumftances which, he faid, deferved particular notice, he concluded with giving his affent to the addrefs. Mr Pitt faid, that the Right Hon. Gent, who had fpoken laft had defined with great precition and propriety the extent to which the Houfe would be pledged by allenting to the words of the addrefs. They were merely to agree, that the fyftem which had been adopted was proper, and that the hazards incurred were juftified by the occation, which did not preclude the privilege of obje&ing to any particular part on a future investigation of the whole. When the different papers al Juded to in the fpecch fhould hereafter be laid before the Houfe for difcution, gentlemen would be at liberty to condemn thofe particulars which feemed objectionable to them, notwithstanding the approbation of the general conduct of Miniftry refpecting Holland expreffed in the vote of this day. When he reprefented our dittant poffeffions as infecure, he did not mean to throw blame on any individual, or body of men: till very lately he was of opinion that they were fufficiently frong; but his attention attention having for a fhort time been much engaged on that fubject, he had found himself miftaken, and thought it would tend to the intereft of his country to make an ingenuous confeffion of his error. He did not conceive that war was now near; yet it would quiet our minds when we knew that our remote dependencies were not expofed to the danger of being taken by furprize. He should referve what he had to fay in defence of the treaty until it was under the confideration of the House, when he had no doubt of being able to convince gentlemen, that it was ufeful and expedient in its principle, and advantageous in its terms. The queftion was then put, and the addrefs carried unanimously. Thus ended a converfation which had afted fcarcely an hour and a half. The Houfe was up at five o'clock in the evening. Wednesday, November 28. Ordered, that no petitions for private Bils be received after the 8th of February. - Mr. Ryder brought up the report of the committee appointed to draw up an address of thanks to his Majetty for his Speech; which having been read 2 fiift and fecond time at the table, was agreed to; and fuch members as were privy counfeliors were ordered to wait on his Majefty, to know when he would be pleated to receive the tame New writs were ordered for Sarum and Brecon. Adjourned at half past three o'clock. Thursday, November 29. The Speaker having taken the chair, the Comptroller of his Majefty's houfehold acquainted the Houfe, that his Majesty had been graciously pleafed to ap point that day at three o'clock to be attended with the humble address of that Houfe. A bill for repairing Tunbridge roads, was, upon motion, ordered to be brought in. The Chancellor of the Exchequer prefented to the Houfe copies of the late treaties and declarations; and the titles being read, the papers were ordered to lie on the table. navy, and ordnance. The titles of thefe papers were read; and it was a- Mr. Fox obferved, that Mr. Pitt had frous than he to give the most ample Mr. Pitt faid, no man was more deinformation upon every fubject, when he could do it confiftently with his duty charge that duty were he to produce to the publick; but he should ill difpeared neceffary for the information of thofe papers. All that, to him, appapers, had been mentioned in his MaParliament, refpecting the form of thofe volve particular points, which it would jelly's fpeech to go further, might inbe neither decent nor politic to divulge. But though he could not confent to the production of the papers, he would pemory, if he thould be called upon, give rufe them attentively, and from meent with the principle upon which he their real import, as far as was confiftrefused to produce the whole. Here the ed to bufinefs relted, and the Houfe adjourn Saturday, December 1. Brought up, read, and agreed to, the report of the committee of fupply: Mr. Steele prefented feveral papers The Houfe at three o'clock went up relative to expences and disbursements, with their addrefs. Friday, November 30. Mr. Pitt officially prefented various papers, amongst which were accounts of the expences of the late armaments, in the different departments of the army, which were ordered to be laid on the pretepted fome papers, which were or- 1. IGNO Review of New Publications. 7. IGNORAMUS, Comoedia; fcriptore Georgio Ruggle, A.M. Aulæ Clarenfis, apud Cantabrigienfes, olim Socio; nunc denuo in Lucem edita cum Notis Hifloricis et Criticis: quibus infuper præponitur Vita Auctoris, et Jdjicitur Gloffarum Pecabula Forenha diluede exponens? accurante Johanne Sidneio Hawkins, Arm. 820. IT is no fmall recommendation of the 49 meant to add Notes, hiftorical, critical, and explanatory, containing fuch extracts from authors of established reputation, and fuch other remarks and obfervations as will greatly tend to illuftrate the obfcure parts of the text. In particular, in order to explain the feveral facts refpecting Schioppius, mentioned and referred to in the fecond Prologue, the feveral paffages relating to him will, from work very and its Editor were patronifed by Dr. Samuel Johnfon; a circumftance we are warranted in allerting from the foliow ing authentic document. "To Mr. Nichols. April 12, 1784. "I have fent you inclofed a very curious propofal from Mr. Hawkins, the fon of Sir John Hawkins, who, I believe, will take [care] that whatever his fon promifes fhall be performed. If you are inclined to publish this compilation, the Editor will agree for an edition on the following terms, which I think liberal enough. "That you fhall print the book at your own charge. "That the fale fhall be wholly for your benefit till your expences are repaid; except that at the time of publication you fhall put into the hands of the Editor, without price, .... copies, for his friends. "That, when you have been repaid, the profits arifing from the fale of the remaining copies fhall be divided equally between you and the Editor. "That the edition fhall not comprise fewer than five hundred. "I am, Sir, your most humble fervant, "SAM. JOHNSON." The following is the Propofal which was inclofed in the Doctor's letter; and it is but juftice to declare that every part of the engagement has been punctually fulfilled. "Plan of a new Edition of the Latin Comedy of IGNORAMUS. "It is proposed to give the text corrected by all the printed editions, and the feveral manufcripts now exifting; and alfo by a copy formerly belonging to Archbishop Sancrot, collated, by him, with three manufcripts, and corrected in numberless inftances. By the help of thefe materials, and his own refearches, the Editor is enabled to give to the publick a whole scene of the Comedy, and feveral other additions which have never yet appeared in print. "As at this day the Comedy of Ignoramus is confeffedly obfcure, it abounding with allofions to facts and circumstances now but little known, and containing in it characters to which the viciffitude of our national manners las rendered as almost strangers; it is GENT. MAG. January, 1788. derived his information, be given. In the course of these Notes, which will also tend referred to in the text, an exceedingly curious to illuftrate feveral popular and other cuftoms cut refpecting Garnet the Jefuit, mentioned in it, a copious extract to explain the fame, and alfo the original mufic to the only fong in the Comedy, will be inferted. "It is further intended to prefix, from materials that have never been given to the world, a copious Life of the Author; which will alfo contain the probable occafion of writing this Comedy; an account of its firft reprefentation at Cambridge; a lift of the original actors both in the Comedy and first Prologue, the latter of which has never been printed; feveral poems written on occafion of its first appearance, and of King James's vifit after-mentioned, many of which exist only in manufcript: and, as very few particulars refpecting that event are to be found in any of our hiftorians, a circumftantial account of King James's vifit to the University of Cambridge, in 1614-15, will, from like materials, be given. "Laftly, it is propofed to give a Gloffary of fuch law-terms and phrafes as are either inferted or alluded to in this excellent Comedy." All this, and even more than this, we will venture to fay, has been done by Mr. Hawkins, who has fhewn much judgement and uncommon affiduity, both in the comment and the gloflary; and, in the memoirs of his author, has brought forward many new and entertaining particulars -The Comedy of Ignoramus, it is well known, was acted at Cambridge before King James I. and his fon, the Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles I.); and the particulars of his entry and reception, as alfo a copious relation of the tranfactions during his stay at the Univerfity, are given at large in an admirable letter, written by one who was an actual fpectator of all that patied, and lately published from the original in the Paper-office, in a collec tion intituled, Miscellaneous State Papers, from 1501 19 1726, 4to, London, 1778, vol. I p. 394. To this letter, as curious as it is authentic, Mr. Hawkins has added, by way of notes, a number of facts which tend greatly to explain and illuftrate it. In one of the notes on the Comedy the Editor has inferted a reprefentation of a barrister dreffed in his gown; which, as containing an accurate delineation of the drefs of the time, we fhall take the liberty to copy: "And here," fays Mr. Hawkins, " оссаfion is given us to remark, that the gown now in ufe among barrifters is not that which properly belongs to their profeffion; for the prefent gown is made of flight fluff; or, if those who wear them are within the bar, of filk; and is plain, not having tufts upon it; whereas the ancient gown was probably of cloth, and was, undoubtedly, faced with black velvet, and had on it tufts of filk, down the facings, and on the front of the arms. This is ftill the proper drefs, and recognised as fuch; for it is obfervable, that on the birthdays the King's Counfel appear at court in gowns exactly anfwering this laft defcription; and this continued variably to be the conftant drefs of an advocate till the death of Queen Mary, in 1694, at which time the prefent gown was introduced as mourning on the occafion, and, having been found more convenient and leis cumberfome than the other, has been fince continued.-The attor ney, as well as the barrifter, was alfo anciently diftinguished from perfons of other profeflions by his drefs; and indeed all trades and occupations were, in the fame manner, known from each other: the merchant had one fort of habit, the foklier another, the artificer a third, and the hufbandman a fourth; each fo different from the o.hers as fufficiently to point out the rank of the person who wore it. In the fame manner the graduates and ftudents of the Universities were not only diftinguifhed from the reft of the world, but from each other, by the difference of their habits. The doctors in phyfic, mufic, and divinity, and alfo doctors of the civil law, though equal in degree, used to wear, and do now, on fome occafions, ftill continue to wear, habits peculiarly appropriated to the feveral faculties of which they respectively are; and it is needless to obferve, for no reader can be supposed to be unacquainted with it, that, at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the habit of a master of ars differs from that of a bachelor of arts, or that that of a gentleman-commoner and fervitor at Oxford, or of a commoner and fizar at Cambridge, are very far from being the fame. In the dress of the practifers of the common law, a like diftinétion was obferv. ed; the judge was dreffed in one manner, the ferjeant at law in another, the barrister in a third, which we have above described, and the attorney in a fourth. What was the ancient drefs of the latter perfon may be feen from a cut inferted in the Author's Life; but at this day no trace of it is remaining among that rank of the profeffion. Habits peculiarly appropriated to the profeffion,, or rank of the perfon who wore them, were originally intended and confidered as an honourable diftinction; but it should appear, from the very rare use of them, that they are no longer deemed fo; and those persons who fhall, or have been, witneffes to the manner in which they are still worn (by compulfion as it fhould feem) by the young ftudents of both Univerfities, would be almost inclined to think, that that drefs, or any other diftinc tion which fhould point a man out to be a fcholar, is regarded, by the younger part of them in general, rather as a difgrace than an honour." As a flight fpecimen of the Gloffary to ignoramus, we shall tranfcribe ACTIO DEFAMATION's. Defamation is, when a man fpeaks flanderous words of any other man, court of justice, magistracy, or title of land; for which the party fhall be punished according to the nature and qua lity of his offence, fometimes by action upon the cafe for flander, at the common law, and other times in the ecclefiaftical court. As if a man contrive any falfe news, or horrible and falfe lies, of prelates, dukes, earls, &c. then an action de fcandalis magnatum will lie against hira, by the ftatute of 2 R. II. cap. 5.; and this being proved, the party of fending thall be grievously punished; but for words of defamation against a private man, there the party grieved thall have his action upon the cafe for the flander, and shall recover in damages according to the quality of the fault, wherein the quality of the perfon who is fo defamed is much to be confidered. Termes de la Ley." "ADVISAMENTUM. Advice. Advifare, advifamentum. Confulere, deliberare, ruminare de re aliqua. Gall. Adviser, seu avifer Vox Glanvilli & fori, etiam theologorum Spelmanni Glfarium, art. Advifare. Spenfer ufes the fubftantive advizement in the following paffage : Gramercy, fir, faid he, but mote I wote, What ftrange adventure do you now pursue ? Perhaps my fuccour or advizement meet Mote itead you much your purpofeto subdue." Spenser's Fairy Queen, b. 11, cant. 9. fl.nzo 9. And |