been fent; fo that it was not till the 7th that we got under fail. When we had paffed the fort, the guard boat left us, and our pilot was discharged. Of the town and neighbouring country we fhall give the following defcription.

Rio de Janeiro was probably fo called because difcovered on the festival of St. Januarius, from whence we may fuppofe the river Januarius took its name, and alfo the town, which is the capital of the Portuguefe in America. This town is fituated on the west fide of the river, from which it is extended about three quarters of a mile. The ground whereon it ftands is a level plain. It is defended on the north fide by a hill, that extends from the river, having a small plain which contains the fuburbs and the king's dock. The houses in general are of ftone, and two ftories high; its circuit is about three miles; and appears to be equal in fize to the largest country towns in England. The ftreets are ftraight and of a convenient breadth ; and the principal ftreet is near 100 feet in width. The churches are richly ornamented, and there is more religious parade in this place than any of the popifh countriesin Europe. But the inhabitants may pay their devotion at the fhrine of any faint; for a small cupboard, having a glafs window, and in which is one of the tutelary gods, is placed almost before every house, and a lamp is kept conftantly burning, left the old proverb fhould be verified, "Out of fight, out of mind." Before these faints the people pray, and fing with fuch vehemence, that in the night they were diftin&tly heard by our failors on board the fhip.

The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro are exceeding numerous, and confift of Portuguese, Negroes, and Indians, which laft were the original natives of the country. The township of Rio is but a fmall part of the Capitanea, or province; yet it is faid to contain 37,000 white people, and 629,000 blacks, many of whom are free, making together 966,000 in the proportion of 17 to 1,

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The

The military is compofed of twelve regiment of regular troops, fix being Portuguese, and fix Creoles, and twelve regiments of provincial militia. The inhabitants are fervilely fubmiffive to the regulars, and it has been faid, that if any of them fhould omit the compliment of taking off his hat, when he meets an officer, he would be immediately knocked down. But the fubordination of the officers to the viceroy is equally mortifying, for they are obliged to wait three times a day to know, or receive his commands; the anfwer frequently is, "there is nothing new."

In Rio de Janeiro the gentry keep their chaises, which are drawn by mules, the ladies however use a fedan chair, boarded before and behind, with curtains on each fide, which is carried by two negroes on a pole, connected with a top of a chair, by two rods coming from under its bottom, one on each side, and refting to the top. The women in general, are more ready 'to grant amorous favours than thofe of any other civilized parts of the world. As foon as the evening began, females appeared at the windows on every fide, who diftinguished fuch of the men as beft pleased their fancies by throwing down nofegays: and Dr. Solander and two other Gentlemen received fo many of these love-tokens, that they threw them away by hat-fulls.

This place is very ufeful for fhips that are in want of refreshment. The harbour is fafe and commodious, and diftinguished by a remarkable hill, in the fhape of a cone, at the weft point of the bay. The entrance is not wide, but it is eafy, from the fea breeze which prevails from noon to fun-fet, for any fhip to enter before the wind. Provifions, except wheaten bread, and flour, are easily procured. Beef, both fresh and jerked may be bought at two-pence farthing a pound, but it is very lean. Mutton is fcarce to be produced. Hogs and poultry are dear. Garden ftuff and fruit are in abundance. Rum, fugar, and molaffes

are

are all excellent, and to be had at reasonable prices. The air is feldom immoderately hot, as the fea breeze is generally fucceeded by a land wind. The seasons are divided into dry and rainy, though their commencement of late has been irregular and uncertain ; but at this time the rain had juft began, and fell in heavy fhowers during our stay.

Maire

CHA P. II.

The departure of the Endeavour from Rio de JaneiroHer paffage from the entrance of the freight of Le Maire -The inhabitants of Terra del Fuego defcribcdMr. Banks and Dr. Solander afcended a mountain in fearch of plants- -An account of what happened to them in this excurfion -The Endeavour paffes through the Streight le An account of her paffage, and a further defcription of the inhabitants of Terra del Fuego An account of Cape Horn, and the newly discovered iflands An account of their figure and appearanceinhabitants defcribed; with a narrative of the various incidents during the course, and on the Endeavour's arrival among them.

ON

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N the 8th of December, 1768, having procured neceffary supplies, we took our departure from Rio de Janeiro; and on the 9th an amazing number of atoms were taken out of the fea. They are of a yellowish colour, and few of them were more than the 5th part of an inch long. The fea was tinged in fuch a manner with these equivocal fubftances, as to exhibit broad ftreaks of a fimilar colour for near a mile in length, and several yards in breadth.

On the 11th we hooked a shark. It proved to be a female. When opened we took fix young ones out of it, five of which were alive, and swam briskly in a tub of water. On the 30th we ran fifty leagues through vaft numbers of land infects; fome in the

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air,

air, and others upon the water. At this time we judged ourselves to be nearly oppofite to the bay called Sands Fond (with bottom) where it is fuppofed that the continent of America is divided by a paffage.

On the 3d of January, 1769, we faw the appearance of land, in lat. 47 deg 17 min. fouth, and long. 61 deg. 29 min. 45 fec. weft, which we mistook for Pepy's ifland. In appearance it fo much refembled land, that we bore away for it; and it was three hours before we were convenced that it was one of those deceptions which failors call a fog-bank. On the 11th, after having paffed Falkland's Island, we saw the coaft of Terra del Fuego, at the distance of about four leagues from the weft to fouth-eaft by south.

On the 14th we entered the Streight of Le Maire, but were afterwards driven out again with fuch violence (the tide being against us) that the fhip's bowfprit was frequently under water. At length we got anchorage in a fmall cove, on the east of Cape St. Vincent, the entrance to which our Captain named St. Vincent's Bay.

Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks went on fhore, where, having continued four hours, they returned about nine in the evening, with above a hundred different plants and flowers, of which none of the European botanists had taken any notice of, near this bay.

On the 18th we came to an anchor in twelve fathom water, upon coral rocks, at the diftance of about a mile from the fhore. At this time two ofthe natives came down upon the beach, as if they expected that the strangers intended to land; but as there was no shelter here, the fhip got under fail again, and the Indians retired difappointed. The fame afternoon we came into the bay of Good Succefs, and the veffel coming to an anchor, the Captain went on fhore, accompanied by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, in order to fearch for a watering place, and difcourfe with the Indians. Thefe gentlemen had not proceeded above one hundred yards before the captain,

when

when two of the Indians that had feated themselves, rofe up, and threw away the fmall fticks they held in their hands, as a token of amity. They afterwards returned to their companions, who had remained at fome diftance behind them, and made figns to their guests to advance, whom they received in a friendly, though uncouth manner. In return for their civility, fome ribbands and beads were diftributed among them. Thus a fort of mutual confidence was established, and the rest of the English joined the party, the Indians converfing with them in their way, in an amicable manner. Captain Cook and his friends took three of them to the fhip, dreffed them in jackets, and gave them bread and other provifions, part of which they carried on fhore with them; but they refused to drink rum or brandy, making figns that it burned their throats, as their proper drink was water. One of these people made long and loud fpeeches, but no part of them was intelligible to any of us. Another ftole the covering of a globe, which he concealed under his garment that was made of fkin. After having remained on board about two hours, they returned on fhore, Mr. Banks accompanying them. He conducted them to their companions, who seemed no ways curious to know what their friends had feen, and the latter were as little difpofed to relate, as the former were to enquire. None of thefe people exceeded five feet ten inches in height, but their bodies appeared large and robuft, though their limbs were fmall. They had broad flat faces, high cheeks, nofes inclined to flatnefs, wide noftrils, fmall black eyes, large mouths, fmall but indifferent teeth, and ftraight black hair, falling down over their ears and foreheads. the latter being generally befmeared with brown and red paints, and like all the original natives of America, they were beardlefs. Their garments were the fkins of feals and guanicoes, which they wrapped round their fhoulders. The men likewife wore on their heads a

bunch