An Account of the Voyages undertaken by the Order of his pre- fent Majefty for making Difcoveries in the Southern Hemi- The Hiftory of Rhedi, the Hermit of Mount Ararat, A Treatise on the Kinkcough. By Wm. Butter, M. D. Mifcellaneous Pieces in Profe. By I. and A. L. Aikin, 291 The Phyficians. A Satire. With other Poems. To which is The Letters of Junior to Lord North, Obfervationes de Antimonio ejufque Ufu in Morbis curandis. Medical and Philofophical Commentaries, Vol. I. Part. I. ib. Some useful Hints and friendly Admonitions to young Surgeons The Nature and Extant of Induftry, a Sermon preached before A Prefent for your Neighbour, by Richard Hill, Efq. An awful Appeal from the Clergy to the Laity. By Nathan A Letter to Sir John Fielding, Knt. occafioned by his Request A Letter to the Clergy of Norfolk in which the Neceffity of the LL. D. A new Dictionary of the English Language. By Wm. Kenrick, The Plays of William Shakespeare. With the Corrections and Illuftrations of various Commentators; to which are added Notes by S. Johnson and Geo. Stevens, Encyclopædia Britannica; or a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, The Hiftory of the late War in North America, &c. By Thomas Remarks on an Enquiry into the Connexion between the prefent A ferious Addrefs to Samuel Fisher, of Norwich. By John ibid. ibid. Indices Tres Vocum fere omnium quæ occurrunt I. in Dionyfii Longini Comment. de Sublimitate, &c. II. in Eunapii Libello de Vitis Philof. & Sophift. III. in Hieroclis Comment. in Advice to People afflicted with the Gout. By J. Williams, 423 Effay towards a Natural History of the County of Dublin. By Medical and Chirurgical Obfervations, as an Appendix to a former Publication. By Benj. Gooch, Proceedings at large in a Caufe on an Action brought by Ant. Elements of Speech. By John Herries, A. M. The great Advantage of eating pure and genuine Bread, Mifcellaneous and Fugitive Pieces, # THE CRITICAL REVIEW. For the Month of July, 1773 ARTICLE I. The Hiftory of Ireland from the Invafion of Henry II. With a Preliminary Difcourfe on the Antient State of that Kingdom. By Thomas Leland, D D. Senior Fellow of Trinity College, and Prebendary of St. Patrick's, Dublin. 3 Vols. 4to. al. 12s. 6d. [Continued.] Nourse, Longman, Robinson, Johnson. N our laft Review, we fufpended the account of this in terefting history at the period when the Irish parliament conferred on Henry VIII. the title of King of Ireland, instead of that of Lord, which had formerly been used. We entirely concur with our author in opinion, that though this ordinance was undoubtedly founded in good policy, yet it seems not reason. able to affign it as the fole caufe of that general fubmiffion of the revolters which immediately enfued. Dr. Leland's judicious reflexions on this fubject are more ftrongly supported by probability. 'Were we, fays he, informed of the compacts, transactions, jealoufies, contests, and mutual complaints of the Irish chieftains, the pride of fome, the treachery of others, and the operation of all thofe paffions which break out with greatest violence among the uncivilized, we might poffibly find their conduct not to have been the pure effect of terrour, fickleness, or duplicity; we might find their great leaders contending in a caufe which they deemed right ful and laudable, not only with the forces of their enemies, pue the intractable difpofitions of affociates, and the mutinous turbu lence of inferiours: deceived by falfe affurances, and wearied by difappointment, their confidence abufed, and their refentments irritated; fo that the defpair of fome, and the revenge of others, the fenfe of injury, and the fear of treachery, with other latent moVol. XXXVI. July, 1773, B tives tives might have confpired to break a confederacy which but now appeared fo formidable. At prefent we are only informed that O'Nial made his peace, by the fullest renunciation of the papal authority, and fubmiffion to the throne: and his example was immediately followed by numbers of the Northern chieftains. From Connaught, from Meath, from Munfter, all the most turbulent Irish lords, all thofe of the old English race, who had adopted Irish manners, and lived for ages in a ftate of independence, vied with each other in the moft zealous profeffions of reconciliation to the king's government, and executed their indentures in the ampleft forms of fubmiffion. The earl of Defmond was feen attending in parliament, and acting in his proper character of a peer of the realm; and probably his example had fome influence upon his great neighbours of the South. The graces fhewn to fcme loyal Irish, and fome English fubjects, were alfo not without effect. Peerages and promotions granted with unufual favour; and it was declared in parliament to be the king's intention to confer ftitt more. They who hoped to obtain. were zealous to deferve fuch honours. It grew fafhionable to affect a zeal for government: the power and clemency of the king were every where induftriously echoed; fo that various motives, and various caufes, confpired to fwell the numbers of thofe who crowded from all quarters to receive law from the throne.' to The Hiftory of Ireland at this period, like that of England, affords a ftriking inftance of the fubmiffion which a rigorous and determined exertion of regal authority may induce the minds of a people even unaccustomed to the controul of civil power. It is not to be queftioned, as the learned hiftorian obferves, that many of the Irish chieftains at this time were actuated folely by terror, and still retained their averfion to Henry and his government, as well as their affection for the cause of Rome, which they had been compelled to renounce. But whatever fchemes of infurre&tion they might form, mutual jealoufy and difunion prevented their being carried into execution; and either the fpirit of loyalty, or the terror of the king's refentment, fo much prevailed, that when a fon of Fitz-Patrick, baron of Upper-Offory, had committed fome treafonable offence, he was delivered up to public juftice by the hands of his own father. Neither did the reformation of the Church in Ireland keep pace with that of the civil government, nor was the introduction of the liturgy effected without great oppofition. The caufes which obftructed its fuccefs are fo judiciously inveftigated in this history, that we fall lay them before our readers. In England, the difpofitions of a great part of the people concurred with thofe of the crown, and even ran before their rulers, in the revolt from popery. In Ireland, the Reformation was tendered to a prejudiced and a reluctant people. The avowed enemies of English government, and the factious oppofers of admir nistration naturally regarded every new regulation in the affairs of re |