forth, is properly the image of that body in which it was inclosed; this it was that appeared to Achilles, with the full resemblance of his friend Patroclus."* But the Edwho retained not the form only, but the passions and desires also, which had belonged to the living body. "The corporeal part," says+ Socrates in the Gorgias of Plato, "retains not only its general nature, but its affections and desires also in a conspicuous degree. Thus if the body had been, during life, naturally large and bulky, or had become so by a course of diet, it would continue to preserve the same appearance after death. Had a man been remarkably attentive during the life to preserve the beauty of his hair, he would appear after death with graceful locks. Had he suffered the impression of stripes, bruises, or wounds, he would appear with the marks or scars of these after death. Had his limbs been broken or dislocated, these defects would be visible in his image; and indeed whatever might be the state or condition of the living body, such was the appearance of the image after death. The same disposition, adds he, seems to take place with respect to the mental faculties, since all the‡ natural desires, all the affections, are equally conspicuous in the image after death, as they had been in the body during life." That these opinions coincide with those of Homer, appears from the discourse and employment of the heroes in the eleventh and twenty-fourth Books of the Odyssey. Thus the shade of Agamemnon sheds a profusion of tears at the sight of his ancient friend Ulysses, and attempts, though in vain, to rush into his embraces, and likewise expresses his indignation at the treachery with which his own murder was perpetrated. Both Agamemnon and Achilles make the most anxious enquiries after their sons, and Achilles goes away pleased with the accounts of his son's valour, and illustrious actions. Even the sullen silence and disdain of Ajax, expresses strongly that he retained the same sentiments and character in death, which had distinguished him so remarkably during life. Orion is represented to have been a great hunter during life, and to have been translated after his death, together with his dog, among the constellations. The dog is still called the Canis Major, and is delineated on the present celestial globes as following Orion. The bright star Sirius is still accounted a part of this constellation, as it was formerly described to be by Homer. See the note on this passage in Pope's Translation. + Platonis Gorgias. p. 524. Vol. i. Ed. Serran. + Plate seems to say in the Phædo, that the Soul carried with it into another world not only those passions and desires which were naturally implanted in it, but those also which were the effects of education and intercourse with society. ουδεν γαρ άλλο εχουσα εις άδου η ψυχη έρχεται πλην της παιδείας τε και τροφής. Platon. Phædo, p. 107. Ed. Serrani. Η Κλαίε δ' όγε λιγεως θαλερον κατα δάκρυον είβων Η Γηθέσύνη, ο οι υιον ἔφην αξιδείκετοι είναι. Odyss. xi. 390. Odyss, 1. xi. 539. Not half so dreadful rises to the sight, Thro' the thick gloom of some tempestuous night, And o'er the feebler stars exerts its rays! Terrific glory, for his burning breath Taints the red air with Fevers, Plagues, and Death. Iliad, b. xxii, l. 73. Pope's transl. The same Orion is represented as following the same pursuits in hell which had employed him on earth. There huge Orion of portentous size, Odyssey, b. xi. l. 798. Pope's transl. Virgil expresses himself more pointedly on the same subject in saying, curæ non ipsa in morte relinquunt. Those soft consuming flames they felt alive, Pitt's translation. And after describing the employment of the ancestors of Eneas in Elysium, he adds → quæ gratia currum, Armorumque fuit vivis; quæ cura nitentes Pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos. Eneid, b. vi. 653. Those pleasing cares the heroes felt alive, Pitt's translation. The Edo had also a power or capacity of subsisting independently of, and separately from, the Jux or immaterial part, and, when so separate, retained the same passions and desires which had pleased or interested the body during life. Thus Ulysses views the image or figure of Hercules in the infernal shades, apparently in the same character which he held on earth. Gloomy as night he stands, in act to throw G @ exercised exercised in grief, by arts refined, O taught to bear the wrongs of base mankind, But notwithstanding this appearance and this speech, both of them suitable to the character which Hercules supported here on earth, the poet is careful to tell us that it was not Hercules himself, but his Edwλor or image only, which Ulysses beheld, Now I the strength of Hercules behold, There is indeed a plausible objection to these opinions, which is, that the shades of the warriors are said still to wear the same garments or armour which they were accustomed to do upon earth, as appears from the poet's saying that the latter were stained with blood." It is difficult to conceive," says Mr. Pope in his notes on the Odyssey," how these ghosts, which are only a subtile substance, not a gross body, should wear the same armour which the body wore in the other world. How was it conveyed to them in the infernal regions? "All that occurs to me in answer to this objection is, that the poet describes them suitably to the characters they bore in life; the warriors on earth are warriors in hell; and that he adds these circumstances to denote the manner of their death, which was by battle and by the sword. No doubt but Homer represents a future state according to the notions his age entertained of it, and this sufficiently justifies him as a poet, who is not obliged to write severe truths, but according to fame and common opinions." I cannot here forbear to observe how closely our great poet Shakespeare has followed Homer, Virgil, and probably Euripides in all these respects. To instance in Hamlet. Marcellus. Is it not like the king? Horatio. As thou art to thyself, Such was the very armour he had on Again, in a succeeding scene. Horatio, addressing Hamlet. A figure like your father, Arm'd at all points, exactly cap-a-pee, Appears before them, and with solemn march, And in Macbeth, the ghost of Banquo rises with the wounds visible that had occasioned his death, nearly in the same manner as Deiphobus had appeared to Eneas in the infernal shades. It must be premised that the murderer had just before told Macbeth of Banquo, safe in a ditch he bides, With twenty trenched gashes on his head, When the ghost rises, Macbeth thus addresses it. Thou canst not say I did it, never shake Thy goary locks at me. To be continued. ACCOUNTS OF, AND EXTRACTS FROM, RARE AND CURIOUS BOOKS. "The first Part of the Catalogue of English printed Bookes. Which concerneth scuh matters of Diuinitie as haue bin either wrillen. in our owne Tongue, or translated out of anie other language: And haue bin published, to the glory of God, and edification of the Church of Christ in England. Gathered into Alphabet, and such method asit is, by Andrew Maunsell, Bookeseller. Vnumquodque propter quid. London, Printed by John Windet for Andrew Maunsell, dwelling in Lothburie, 1595." Folio, pp. 123. dedications pp. 6. with the device of a pelican and ils offspring rising from the flames, round which is, " Pro Lege, Rege et Grege. Love kepyth the Lawe, obeyeth the Kynge, and is good to the Commonwelthe." We are unable to open our bibliographical department with greater propriety, than in noticing this catalogue, which is termed by the learned and laborious antiquary Hearne "a very scarce, and yet. a very useful book." It will be found the first digested list of publications in the English language, and is curious on many accounts, particularly as it affords the titles of many works, and records the names of various authors long since lost and forgotten. Of Andrew Maunsell the compiler, nothing more is now known, than that he was a bookseller of ability and eminence in Lothbury: he dedicates his labours to "The queenes most sacred Maiestie;" to "The Reverend Diuines, and Louers of Diuine Bookes;" and to "The "The Worshipfull the Master, Wardens, and Assistants of the Companie of Stationers, and to all other Printers and Booke-sellers in generall." As the last affords some insight into the plan of the publication, and is besides applicable to the compilation of catalogues in general, we shall transcribe a part of it. 66 seeing (also) many singular Bookes, not only of Diuinitie, but of other excellent Arts, after the first Impression, so spent and gone, that they lie euen as it were buried in some few studies;-I haue thought good in my poor estate to vndertake this most tire-some businesse, hoping the Lord will send a blessing vpon my labours taken in my vocation; Thinking it as necessarie for the Bookeseller (considering the number and nature of them) to haúe a Catalogue of our English Bookes; As the Apothecarie his Dispensatorium, or the Schoole-master his Dictionarie." "By meanes of which my poore trauails, I shall draw to your memories Books that you could not remember; And shew to the learned such Bookes as they would not thinke were in our owne tongue; Which I have not sleighted vp the next way, but haue to my great paines drawn the writers of any special argument together, not following the order of the learned men that haue written Latine Catalogues, Gesner, Simler, and our countriman John Bale. They make their Alphabet by the Christian name, I by the Sirname: They mingle Diuinitie, Law, Phisicke, &c. together, I set Diuinitie by itselfe: They set downe Printed and not Printed, I onely Printed. Concerning the Books which are without Author's names called Anonymi, I haue placed them either vpon the Titles they bee entituled by, or else vpon the matter they entreate of, and sometimes vpon both, for the easier finding of them." "Concerning the bookes that be translated, I have observed, (if the translator doe set his name) the Author, the Matter, the Translator, the Printer, for for whome it is Printed) the yeere and the volume: For example, Lambert Danæus, his treatise of Antichrist, translated by John Swan, Printed for John Potter and Thomas Gubbin 1589. in 4. The Author's Sirname which is Danæus; The matter of the Booke which is Antichrist; The translator's Sirname which is Swan; Are or should be in Italica letters, and none other, because they are the Alphabetical names obserued in this Booke: Turne to which of these three names you will, and they will direct you to the Booke." I shall not neede to make the like examples-they are plaine inough by one example. A. MAUNSELL." One specimen from the list shall conclude this article: p. 64, letter R. "And: Kingsmill, his comfortable treatise for all such as are any manner of way, either troubled in mind, or afflicted in bodie, also an |