is represented as ever youthful. — 100. Huic

=

Midas. Optandi. Gr. 562 and 1. A. & S. 275. II. Inutile pernicious; as it proved. -102. Donis. Gr. 419. I. A. & S. 245. I. —103. Vertatur. Gr. 493. 2. A. & S. 262, R. 4. —104. Solvit = bestows. -105. Petisset. Gr. 234. I; 520. II. A. & S. 162. 7 (a); 266. 3. - 106.

=

covered.

Berecyntius heros; i. e. Midas. See on v. 16.-107. Fidem... tentat tests the truth.-108. The order is: non alta ilice virgam fronde virentem detraxit. Fronde. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. -110. Humo. Gr. 424. 2. A. & S. 255, R. 1.- 112. Massa; sc. aurea, or auri. Cereris of wheat. Cf. Virg. A. I. 177. -114. Hesperidas - putes = you would think that the Hesperides had given it to him. The Hesperides were the guardians of the golden apples which Terra gave to Juno at her marriage with Jupiter. See on IV. 637. For putes, see on v. 84. So posset, v. 117.-117. Danaën; an allusion to the golden shower in which Jupiter visited Danaë. See on IV. 611.-118. Vix-capit= scarcely can he grasp in thought his own hopes. Fingens: as he imagines. 120. Tostae frugis corn roasted (and ground, and made into bread). Gr. 409. I. A. & S. 220. 3. Cf. Virg. G. I. 267; A. I. 179.—121. Cerealia munera. Cf. X. 74.-123. Dente. Gr. 414. 4. A. & S. 247. 3. -124. Dente. Gr. 431. A. & S. 257. Premebat 125. Auctorem muneris - Bacchus ; i. e. wine. Cf. v. 112, and see on VIII. 665. Undis aqua. See on V. 555.-126. Videres. Gr. 486. I. and 4. A. & S. 260. II. R. 2, or 261, R. 4. — 128. Voverat had prayed for. -130. Meritus. Gr. 443. A. & S. 205, R. 15. Auro. Gr. 414. 2. 3). A. & S. 247 and R. 2 (a). – 133. Specioso damno this splendid wretchedness.-134. Mite deum (= deorum) numen = mitis deus. Cf. Virg. A. II. 623, 777. -135. Restituit restored him; i. e. to his former nature. Factaque-solvit and revokes the gift he had bestowed in fulfilment of his promise. In v. 104, munera solvit means “ 'fulfils his promise concerning the gift," or frees himself from his obligation by bestowing it; here it means "frees Midas from the gift." In both cases solvere has its original meaning, "to loosen, unbind, or release."-136. Neve... ait et ait: Ne, etc. Cf. I. 151;. II. 33, etc. Maneas. Gr. 491. A. & S. 262.-137. Sardibus Sardes, or Sardis, the capital of Lydia. Amnem; i. e. the Pactolus. See on v. 87.-138. Perque - viam = and take your way along the height of the bank, up the stream. Undis. Gr. 391. A. & S. 222, R. 1 (b). —139. Venias. Gr. 522. II. A. & S. 263. 4. -140. Fonti. Gr. 386. I. A. & S. 224, N. 1. Plurimus = maximus. Cf. Virg. A. I. 419. 141. Corpusque while you bathe your body, wash away your fault. Cf. Virg. A. VI. 741. — 142. Jussae. Cf. I. 399; VI. 163, etc. Vis aurea; i. e. the power of changing everything to

=

=

=

- crimen :

=

gold, which in v. 141 is called crimen, because he owed it to his own folly.144. Jam veteris now ancient. Venae; sc. aureae. — 145. Auro pallentia. Cf. v. 110. Madidis glebis in their

moist clods.

=

=

147. Pana Pan; the great god of flocks and shepherds, and of everything connected with pastoral life. His worship was associated with that of Bacchus and the Nymphs. 148. Pingue dull, stupid. Ut ante; i. e. when he wished to change what he touched to gold. — 149. Domino. Gr. 385. A. & S. 223, R. 2. - 151. Clivoque utroque and sloping on either side. 152. Sardis was at the foot of the mountain to the north, Hypaepa to the south. 153. Jactat boasts. -154. Cerata arundine. See on VIII. 192. Modulatur = accompanies. 155. Prae se= prae suis (cantibus) = in comparison with his own music. -156. Tmolo; i. e. the god of the mountain, who acted as judge of the contest. Impar; since Apollo was the god of music. 158. He removes the trees, as one pushes back his hair from his ears, that he may hear the better. Caerula; suggested probably by the azure hue of mountains seen in the distance.—161. Calamis. See on

=

=

shows the artist. 171. Submittere

=

174. Delius Apollo; from Delos, 190.-175. Retinere. Gr. 551. II. 1.

fuit: =

VIII. 192. Gr. 414. 4. A. & S. 247. 3. - 162. Barbarico; i. e. Phrygio. Aderat he was present; with many others, as appears from v. 173. Canenti; sc. ei. Gr. 386. A. & S. 224. -163. Hunc; i. e. Pan. Sacer; as the god of the mountain. So sancti, v. 172. —164. Sua. Gr. 449. 2. A. & S. 208 (7).—165. Caput. Gr. 380. A. & S. 234. II. Lauro. See on I. 106. Parnaside. See on I. 317.-166. Murice. See on I. 332.-167. Distinctam =set, inlaid. Dentibus Indis; i. e. ivory (from India). —168. Laeva; sc. manu. - 169. Artificis his very attitude acknowledge to be inferior. his birth-place. See on VI. A. & S. 273. 4. — 176. Trahit in spatium lengthens them. - 177. Imo= ima parte. Posse moveri (= the power of motion) is the object of dat; a poetical construction.—178. Hominis. Gr. 401. & S. 211, R. 8 (3). In in regard to. -179. Aures. Gr. 374. 7. A. & S. 234, R. 1 (a). 180. Pudore; the effect for the cause. Gr. 705. II. A. & S. 324. 2. -181. Tiaris = tiara; a Phrygian head-dress, covering the cheeks, and fastened under the chin. Cf. Virg. A. IV. 216. —186. Adspexerit. Gr. 525. A. & S. 265.-187. Voce haustae in a low voice tells and whispers to the hole. Terrae haustae loco unde terra hausta erat. -190. Creber — coepit: there a thick growth of rustling reeds began to rise. Arundinibus. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1.-192. Agricolam; i. e. the servant. The humor of the expression has been lost on most of the critics,

=

some of whom have written long and dull notes to explain and justify it, while others have wasted their ingenuity on conjectural emendations, like arcanum, agricolis, auriculas, etc.

TRISTIA. Book IV.

ELEGY X. In this poem, written during his exile, the author gives us a sketch of his life and fortunes. [See Life of Ovid, p. 365.]

A. & S. 311.

Qui fuerim depends singer. Amorum;

For the measure of the poem, see Gr. 676. 1. Ille. Gr. 450. 5. A. & S. 207, R. 24. on noris. Gr. 525. A. & S. 265. Lusor referring to the Amores, etc. See Life.—3. Sulmo; a town of the Peligni, in the country of the Sabines, about ninety miles northeast of Rome. It was situated on two small mountain streams, the water of which was very cold. Hence gelidis uberrimus undis. —4. The Roman mile was 4,854 English feet, or about nine tenths of the English mile.-6. In the year 43 B. C., the consuls Aulus Hirtius and C. Vibius Pansa were sent with Octavianus against Antony, who was besieging D. Brutus at Mutina. Pansa was defeated by Antony, and died of a wound received in the battle. Hirtius retrieved this disaster by defeating Antony, but he also fell while leading an assault on the besieger's camp. -7. Si quid id est if that is anything; meaning that it is something to boast of. Many passages in his poems show that Ovid was proud of his family. Cf. Amor. III. 15. 5; Ep. ex Pont. IV. 8. 17. Ordinis; sc. equestris, implied in the following eques. - 8. Fortuna munere; e. by the possession of a fortune of 400 sestertia, which under the law of L. Roscius Otho (passed A. U. C. 687), entitled a person to equestrian privileges. 11. Lucifer-idem; i. e. we both had the same birthday. See on Met. XI. 98.-12. The libum was a cake offered to the Genius (the attendant spirit, or "guardian angel," of the person), on birthdays.-13. Haec solet this is the first of the five days sacred to the warlike Minerva, which is bloody with the fight of gladiators; i. e. the second day of the Quinquatria, a festival in honor of Minerva, held on the 19th of March and the four following days. Of the first day Ovid (Fasti, III. 811) says: Sanguine prima vacat, nec fas concurrere ferro; but on the others there were shows of gladiators. -16. Insignes ab arte distinguished for learning. — Eloquieloquentiam. Tendebat inclined to; had a bent for.

um=

=

19. Coelestia sacra; i. e. the worship of the Muses.-22. Maeonides Homer; from Maeonia, where he was said to have been born. See on Met. VI. 149. - 23. Helicone. See on II. 219. — 24. Verba-modis- words free from measure; i. e. prose. 28. Liberior toga; i. e. the toga virilis, for which the boy of noble birth, at about the age of fifteen, exchanged the toga praetexta. He then ceased to be an infans, and entered on the legal rights of manhood. Hence liberior. For the datives, see Gr. 388. 4. A. & S. 225. II. — 29. The latus clavus, or broad purple stripe down the front of the tunic, was the badge of senatorial rank. Augustus, however, allowed the sons of senators, and, in some cases, of equites whose fortunes equalled that of senators, to wear the latus clavus, when they assumed the toga virilis. - 32. Cf. Hor. C. II. 17. 5. — 34. Dequefui and I became one of the Triumviri; i. e. the Triumviri Capitales, whose duty it was to inquire into all capital crimes, and who had the care of public prisons. — 35. Curia -est the senate was now open to me, but (not desiring to enter it) I laid aside the latus clavus. When a young eques was allowed to wear the latus clavus (see on v. 29), he gave it up on reaching the age when he was admissible into the senate, if he did not desire to become a senator, and assumed the angustus clavus, the badge of the equestrian order. -36. Onus; i. e. the senatorship. - 38. Fugax, in poetry, sometimes takes a genitive of the thing which is shunned. 39. Aoniae Sorores = = the Muses; since Helicon and Aganippe, their favorite haunts, were in Aonia, or Boeotia. See on I. 313.-40. Otium often denotes freedom from the cares of public life. - 44. Macer; i. e. Aemilius Macer, who wrote a poem, or poems, now lost, upon birds, serpents, and medicinal plants. He was born at Verona, and was a friend of Virgil's. — On the subjunctives, see Gr. 525. A. & S. 265. - 45. S. Aurelius Propertius, the poet, was born about B. C. 51. Little is known of his life. As an elegiac poet, he ranks very high, and, among the ancients, it was a disputed point whether the preference should be given to him or to Tibullus. Ignes; i. e. love-poems. -47. Ponticus; a poet, less noted, who wrote on the Theban War in hexameter (heroo) verse, Bassus; a poet mentioned also by Propertius. Iambo iambic verse. 48. Dulcia-mei; i. e. were favorites in my circle of friends. 49. Numerosus Horatius the tuneful Horace, – 50. Ausonia = Italian. See on Met. V. 350. -51. Ovid was twenty-four years old when Virgil died, but the latter had resided for some years at Naples. Albius Tibullus, the elegiac poet, died in the same year with Virgil, or soon after. The poetry of his contemporaries shows him to have been a gentle and singularly amiable man. 53. C. Cornelius Gallus, born about B. C. 66, was an intimate friend of Virgil, Varus,

=

-

Ovid, and other eminent men of his time, and highly esteemed as a poet; but none of his works have come down to us.

54. The series of elegiac poets, according to Ovid, is, therefore: Gallus, Tibullus, Propertius, Ovidius. - 56. Thalia mea

my muse. Thalia, at least in later times, was "the Muse of comedy and of merry and idyllic poetry.". 57. Populo legi; i. e. in public, either in the Forum or the baths. The practice had become a common one at the time here referred to. 60. The real name of the Corinna, celebrated in the Amores of Ovid, is not known to us. Sidonius Apollinaris says that she was Julia, the daughter of Augustus, and some modern scholars think this not improbable. — 63. Quum fugerem when I went into exile. Placitura which would per

haps have pleased. At this time he burned the Metamorphoses. See Life. - 64. Studio. Gr. 391. 1. A. & S. 222, R. 1.

such; i. e. thus See Life. 73. of the Fabii and

65. Molletelis susceptible and by no means proof against the arrows of Cupid. — 66. Moveret. See ref. on v. 44.-67. Essem is subjunctive after quum causal. Hic susceptible. 68. Fabula = scandal. - 69-72. Ultima. She was connected with the noble house also with the imperial family. -74. Conjux. Gr. 547. I. A. & S. 271, N. 2.75, 76. Filia —avum; i. e. his daughter, Perilla, was twice married, and had a child by each husband.—77, 78. Since a lustrum is a period of five years, Ovid's father had reached the age of ninety. 79. Me. Gr. 371. 3. 1). A. & S. 232 (2) and N. 1. Some editors read, me... adempto. 80. Proxima justa = the last honors. His mother died soon after her husband. -83. Me.

-

=

Gr. 381 and 1. A. & S. 238. 2. - 84. Nihil. Gr. 380. 2. A. & S. 232 (3). — 85. Si-restat; i. e. if death is not annihilation; if the soul is immortal. — 86. Gracilis thin, insubstantial. Cf. leves populos, Met. X. 14.—89, 90. Causam jussae fugae = that the cause of my banishment. Errorem. Ovid says again and again that his offence was an error, not a crime. See Life. -91. Studiosa (sc. mei) devoted. 92. Pectora. See on Met. X. 71. It would seem from this line that friends had requested him to write this sketch of his life. — 94. Antiquas; i. e. gray. —95, 96. Pisaea — equus; i. e. ten times had the horses won the prize in the Olympian The Olympian games were celebrated, once in four years, near Pisa, in Elis. Ovid here (as in Ep. ex Pont. IV. 6. 5, where he uses the expression, quinquennis Olympias) makes the Olympiad equal to the Roman lustrum (see on v. 78). He was fifty-one years old at the time of his banishment. 97. - See Life. -101. Ovid repeatedly complains of the treachery of those about him. Cf. Ep. ex Pont. II. 7. 62: Ditata est spoliis perfida turba meis. — 106. Cepi— arma I took up the arms of my situation; i. e. I met the change

races.

=