an, and Ruffian languages, I was able to difcourfe with him in the laft as well as with Ulrich, furgeon major of the regiment of Roftowk, who attended me during my ill nefs. Before I had recovered, Major Manftein ordered me to be carried to his own house, where I was treated with fo much attention, that I fhall always retain a grateful remembrance of it. Baptifm was occafionally mentioned to me; and, on the reiterated reprefentations of thofe around me, I at length refolved to receive it.-Major Manstein, who had till then acted the part of a father towards me, provided every thing. was called Steinman, which is his name when the fyllables are reverfed.Count Louis de Solms Ruckerwald and Sachfenfeld, father-in-law of Count Munich, who, I believe is ftill alive in Saxony, was also one of my god-fathers, together with Major general Loewenthal; and I was named after him Louis. When quite recovered from my indifpofition, I was fent to Petersburgh, where I went to visit the Serafkier Koltschack Pacha of Three Tails, my relation, who had been fome time before Governor of Choczim. The Pacha received me very ill, because, having turned Chriftian, I had by that, according to his fentiments, difhonoured my felf, and all thofe with whom I was connected. He reprimanded me with fo much feverity, that I loft all inclination for returning to my own country with my fifters. Befides this, my mother had died at Niegen, or Niefchen, a fmall village of the Coffacks. However, as the Pacha often invited me to his houfe, Major Manftein, with whom lodged, fearing that he would pervert me, fent me with his family into Livonia, where his father was Governor of the citadel of Reval. There I met with fo favorable a reception, that I found no difference between the affection of thofe with whom I was, and that of the kindeft relations. The principles of Christianity were fo carefully inftilled into me, that when the Emprefs of Ruffia gave permiffion to the Turkish children, whether baptized or not, to return to their own Country, I chose rather to remain at Reva!, perfuaded that I could not be happier any where elfe. Major Manftein having been involved in the fall of Count Munich, my generous patron, who was Colonel of a regiment of infantry, retired to Reval to coinfort himself for his difgrace in the company of his father. War happening to break out soon after between Ruffia and Sweden, the Emprefs of Ruffia gave him another regiment, with which he joined General Lewafchof, the commander in chief, with Generals Lafey and Keith, in order to pass over to Finland in gallies, to which place he carried me along with him, that I might have an opportunity of feeing new feenes.At the peace we returned to Livonia, and the Major of the regiment, which was the fecond of the Mufcovite infantry, established himself at Wittenftein. Having never taken the facrament, I was prepared for that ceremony by a clergyman of the village, named Kelch, with whom I refided three months for that purpose. When I returned thence to my patron, he had demanded his difmiffion from the Emprefs, of which he informed me, faying, My fon, if I obtain it, we shall go toge ther to Germany, and I fhall place you in the Academy of Halle:-if it is refused, I fhall appoint you a cadet in my own regi ment. My friend obtained his difcharge, and we embarked at Reval for Travemund. Having left me behind at Schmarfo, between Prenzlow and Paferwalk, he went to wait upon the King at Berlin to folicit for employment. The King granted his request, and permitted him to attend him as a volunteer in the campaign of 1747. These affairs having exhaufted my patron's finances fo much, that it was difficult for him to keep me at Halle, as he propofed, I afked permiffion to make the campaign along with him. To this he confented, and I had the happiness of feeing the Prince Royal, and of making myself known to him. It happened at Neifs that the Prince Royal, having fpoken of me at the King's table, his Majefty, who took notice of it, enquired of Colonel Manftein, if it was true that I was a Turk. The King immediately sent for me by Keynaft, one of the officers who attended him. As foon as I entered the dining-room, he beckoned to me to approach between him and Prince Leopold; looked eagerly at me, took me by the hand, and afked me how it happened that I appeared fo feeble, fince the Turks were generally robuft, and how many languages I understood. 1 replied that there were people of delicate conftitutions among the Turks, as well as in other nations; and that I was pretty well acquainted with five languages, the Turkish, my mother tongue; the Ruffian, the Wallachian, good and bad German, and that I fpoke in bad German. The King laughed, and faid, "I plainly perceive that you "speak bad German;" upon which he permitted me to retire. During this campaign my patron commanded at Zittau, and at the fame period Colonel Baron Trenk was at Gabel, with his Croatians.-As they had been acquainted, and had formed an intimate friendship in Ruffia, Trenk came to vifit him at Zittau upon his parole. He had known me also at Kyow Kyow, when I was fick, and had offered to give me a commission in his corps, if I would accept of it; but my patron affured him that he himself would provide for me. On the clofe of the campaign, I returned with my patron to Potsdam, where I began to ftudy the French language. In 1747 or 48, fome Turks arrived from my country with beautiful horses for the King's ule. The eldeft of them knew my relations, and on this account I often took pleasure in entertaining him with coffee at my apartment, with my patron, and one Dench, a page of Prince Henry. My intimacy with this Turk infpired me with a defire of returning into my own country, which my two companions did not fail to obferve. My patron having afked me if I wish to return, I replied freely, that I would have returned, had I not been baptized. By this Turk I fent a ring to my fifter, who was married, and to my brother-in-law the Tartar Ofman Aga, Lord of Kouboultfchni, a musket ornamented with inlaid work; toge ther with a letter, in which I requested from him a robe bordered with fable for my patron, who, fince my tenth year, had loaded me with kindnefies. I received no anfwer, and I am ftill ignorant whether my prefcuts and letter ever reached the place of their deftination. My patron having recommended me to General Winterfield, I entered in 1749 into the hullars of Nazmer, in quality of cadet. In 1755 I became a cornet, fecond lieutenant in 1958, first lieutenant in 1760; and in 1763. on the teftimony of Prince Bevern, to whom General de Putkaminer, Colonel of my regiment, had given an account of my good conduct during the campaign, and, on the recommendation of General Seidlitz, of the cavalry, the King appointed me captain in the regiment of dragoons of Jung Planten. The fame year I efpoufed, with the King's permillion, Jean Chriftina Louifà, cide it daughter of Chriftian Rumpler, Doctor of Phylic at Sprottau, and of his fpoule Jean, Henrietta Balzarina, daughter of Lieutenant Heinzenau, who died in the fervice of Saxony. After this General Seidlitz gave me a commiffion to purchale four hundred horfes, for the troops upon the frontier of Turkey. To avoid the inares which treachery might lay for me, I remained on this fide of the Turkish boundaries: and I depofited my charge in the fall city of Skalat, which is not far diflant.-Having found an opportunity of enquiring after my relations of tome Turks, they informed me that my fifter and brother-in law were both dead; but they could not tell me into what hanes the cftite of Kouboultschni had paffed. 1 acturned mo garrifon at Sprottan in 1765, where my wife was delivered of her first child, who at prefent is a lieutenant in the dragoons of Bofs. I had ten children afterwards, four of whom are dead. In 1770, when Count Romanzow entered Moldavia with an army of Russians, I thought that a proper opportunity for me to attempt to recover the eftate of Kouboult fchni. I therefore wrote to the King, and informed him, that having learned fince 1 had been employed in purchating horfes, that my fifter had died without offspring, I was the only lawful heir, and begged him to intereft himself in my behalf. Major general Platen having united his folicitations with mine, the King replied as follows : "My dear Major general de Platen, I would gladly affift Captain Steinman to recover his poffeffions in Moldavia, fince you recommend him to me as an officer of merit, by your letter of the 21ft inftant; but I do not fee any advantage that would result to him from my interpofition in the prefent ftate of affairs. Every thing is ruined in Moldavia, and it is not amidft the din of arms that one can hope to obtain juftice. Peace will decide the fate of that province. At prefent my mediation would be of no fervice in his affair: let him know this. I am, your most affectionate King."-Potfdam, the 27th June, 1770. FREDERICK. In confequence of this letter, I drew up the following memorial, containing an account of my services, which I prefented to the King. During the winter of 1756, being only a cornet, I received orders from the Prince of Bevern, to occupy with thirty horsemen the poft of Gotinaridorf, near Lobeau in Saxony, which Majer Count Lottum had occupied before with a few hundred of infantry. This I defended during three days, against the repeated attacks of a much fuperior enemy. After the Prince of Bevern had feized the magazine of Friedland, infantry were again fent to take poffefon of this poft. in a more recent affair, commanding a fquadron of the huflars of Putkammar, under Lieutenant-General de Werner, 1 at tacked tacked on the road leading to Troppeau a body of Croatians, who were retiring from Troppeau to Gratz in good order, and I threw them into fo great confufion, that Captain Zeilenberg, who came upon them in flank, defeated them entirely. Under the command of General Pode wils, who was conducting a small detachment to Bohemia, I formed the vanguard with thirty horsemen. The huffars of Kalmock having difcovered my weakness, fell upon me on all fides with feventy or eighty cavalry. While I kept my men as clofe as I poffibly could, and while the enemy were flocking around me like a large fwarm of bees, I took of them prifoners one major and two men. At length I purfued them even beyond Koftelitz, where I met Lieutenant Donfer, of the huffars of Zeithen, and Captain Lefchnowitz, of the huffars of Wirtemberg. Near the works called Hirnfchædel, not far from Cuftrin, I was left as advanced guard, with forty horse, though it was not my turn to be upon fervice. Three bodies of Ruffians and Coffacks, forming together about one hundred and fifty cavalry, drove back my centinels as far as the place where I was pofted. The quicknefs of their attack having separated them, I took two prifoners whilft they were amusing themselves in plundering Hirnfchædel. Having demanded a reinforcement, before it arrived I fell upon them fword in hand, and took fome more prifoners. When the reinforcement joined us, we pursued the enemy as far as Rittawein, and brought back twenty fresh prifoners. General Podewills can bear teftimony to the manner in which I conducted myself in my march from Kuftrin to Spandau. In the month of Auguft, 1762, General Seidlitz having given me the command of fifty huffars, upon the route to Toeplitz, to diflodge the enemies cuiraffiers from an eminence upon which they fhewed themselves, out of two hundred men whom they had, I took feventy-fix; the reft retired to the small city of Doux, to which I could not follow them, having more prisoners than I had huffa under my command. When I returned with my prifoners, General Seidlitz embraced me in the prefence of Generals Belling and Kleift, and promised to recommend me for promotion to your Majefty. I had the good fortune during the whole war never to be either fick, taken prifoner, or at a great distance from the army upon any important occafion. The regiment of Podjoufky, in which I ferved, can atteft my good behaviour from the moment I firft entered it. Having prefented this memorial to the King, accompanied with proper oftentations, Gent. Mag. Oct. 1788. his Majefly was pleafed to return me the following anfwer: "My dear Captain Steinman, after the proofs which you have given me of your bravery in the laft war, according to your memoir of the 27th of October, I readily confent to grant you letters patent of nobility. You may fend the arms which you choose to affume to my department for foreign affairs, to which I have this day given orders to expedite your patent; I hope that this new mark of royal favor, will more and more inflame your zeal for my fervice, fo that I may always fubfcribe myfelf, without change, your affectionate King." Potsdam, Nov. 2d, 1776. FREDERICK. My letters patent of nobility were dated November the 3d, 1776, and hear among other things, that in perpetual remembrance his Majefty grants permiffion to Louis Steinman, and his defcendants, to have for arms, a crescent argent laid at the bottom of a golden crown, and above the crown the itandard of Mahomet raised and half broken. Under the crefcent a grey hound evdeavours with his fore feet to prevent the ftandard from being broken entirely. I obtained at the fame time a Major's commiffion, and a troop of horse, on the 26th December, 1778. LOUIS STEINMAN. A new and correct Peerage of Ireland, compiled from the most approved Authorities. (Continued from Page 451.) THE HE right honourable James Hewitt, Lord Viscount and Baron Lifford, of Lifford, in the county of Donegal, was advanced to the Peerage of Ireland, by letters patent, the 9th January, 1768, by the title of Baron Lifford, of Lifford, to him and his heirs male, and at fame time was created Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, and fworn one of the Lords of his Majefty's most Honourable privy council, and his Majesty was pleafed to further advance him, 4th January, 1781, to the Dignity of Viscount Lifford, of Lifford, aforefaid.-His Lordship is one of the Judges of the court of Exchequer Chamber, Treafurer to the Ilonourable Society of King's Inns, a Truftee of the linen manufacture for the province of Leinfter, a Governor of the Foundling Hofpital, the Royal Hofpital, Lying-in Hofpital, and charitable Loan &c. &c. He married firft the only daughter of the Revd. Archdeacon Weld, by whom he had 4 fons, viz. Ift fon, James, Doctor of Divinity, married in July, 1779, to the Honourable Mi Henrietta Pomeroy, eldeft daughter of the right honourable Lord Harberton; he died Xxx in April, 1780, without iffue, he married fecondly Mifs Oliver, daughter of the Revd. Doctor Oliver, by whom he has one fon, James. 2d, William Williams, late an officer in the army, married to Mifs Strettel, daughter of Thomas Strettel, of Cork, Efq. 3d, Jofeph, his majefty's 3d ferjeant at law, Curfitor to the court of chancery, Compiler of the Dublin Gazette, and M. of P. for the borough of Belfast. 4th, John, Dean of Cloyne, and Vicar of St. Andrew's, Dublin, married Miss Moore, daughter of the late Doctor Moore, of Dorfet-ftreet, by whom he has iffue. His Lordship married fecondly Mifs Ambrofia Bayly, daughter of the Revd. Mr. Bayly, by whom he has also iffue, viz. 5th, George, now at Oxford College, Creation. Baron Lifford, of Lifford, in the county Donegal, 9th January, 1768, and Vifcount Lifford, 4th January, 1781. Arms. Gules, a chevron ingrailed between three owls, argent. Creft. The Trunk of a Tree, with an Owl. Supporters. On the dexter a Vulture, on e finifter a Gryphon. Motto. Be Jult and fear not. Caffe, Vifcount Defart. HE right honourable Otway Cuffe, Lord Wright and Baren Defart, fucceeded his brother John, in November, 1768, as Baron Defart, and his Majefty was pleafed to advance him in the Peerage, 5th January, 1781, by creating him Viscount Defart, of Defart, in the county of Kilkenny, to him and his heirs male. His Lordship married the 18th of August, 1785, the honourable Lady Anne Browne, eldest daughter of the late and zd earl of Altamont, and fifter to the prefent earl, by whom he has iffue, a daugher, and a fon and heir, born the zoth February, 1788. This noble family derives its origin from the counties of Somerset and Northampton; and had its first fettlement in Ireland, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when Hugh Cuffe, became feated at Cuffe's-wood, or Kilmore, from whom defcended Maurice Coffe, of Ennis, county of Clare, who had feven fons, of whom Jofeph, the fixth, took up arms, in 1649, under Oliver Cromwell, and commanded a troop of horfe, he died in 1679, and was fucceeded by his eldeft fon Agmondiham, who was attainted by King James's Parliament in 1689, with his brother Thonas, and had his eftate fequeftered, but was reftored to it by King William, to whom he did great fervice in the reduction of the m in 1679, he married Anne, daugh ter to Sir John Otway, of London, and died in 1727, having had many children, viz. John, his heir, created Baron Defart, Denny Cuffe, of Sandhill, county of Carlow, Efq. Maurice Cuffe, of Killaghy, county of Kilkenny, Efq. one of his Majefty's council at law, married to the honourable Mifs Hannah Blyth, fifter to John, the 1ft earl of Darnley, -Martha, married to John Blunden, of Clanmolan, Efq. who died in 1752, (Ift, baron) John Cuffe, of Defart, the eldest fon, was advanced to the Peerage of Ireland, 10th November, 1733. by the ti tle of Baron Defart, of Defart, in the county of Kilkenny, to him and his heirs male, he married first Margaret, daughter and heirefs to James Hamilton, of Carnature, county of Downe, Efq. by whom he had no furviving iffue, he married fecondly, February 12th, 1727, Dorothea, eldeft daughter to General Richard Gorges, of Kilbrew, county of Meath, by whom he had 7 fons and 4 daughters, viz. ift, and 2d, Jofeph and Agmondisham, both died young. 3d, John, the late Lord. 4th, Otway, the prefent Viscount. 6th, Hamilton, in holy orders, married and has iffue. 7th William, Major of the 18th light dragoons, and one of the present members of Parliament for the city of Kilkenny. 1ft daughter, Nichola Sophia, married to Herbert, Efq. by whom the had issue. ad, Lucy Sufanna, married to Captain Cooke, and has iffue. 3d, Martha, married to the present Sir Charles Burton, of Pollerton, county of Carlow, Bart. 4th, Margaretta, died unmarried. And his Lordship dying, 26th June, 1749, was fucceeded by his eldest son, (2d, baron) John, who was the 2d lord, he married September 2d, 1752, Sophia, daughter and heirefs to Betridge Badham, of Rockfield, county of Cork, Efq. and widow of Richard Thornhill, of said county, Esq. but died without iffue, in November, 1768, and was fucceeded by his brother (3d baron and tft vifcount,) Otway, the 3d, lord, and prefent Viscount Defart. Creations. Baron Defart, 10th November, 1733, and Viscount Defart, 5th January, 1781. Arms. Argent, on a bend indented sable, three fleurs de lis of the field, between two cottizes, azure, each charged with three bezants. Creft. An. arm in pale, couped below the elbow, crefied or charged with two bends, undee, azure, and turned up ermine; the hand proper, holding a pole-axe, or the staff thereof azure. Supporters. Supporters. Two Leopards, reguardant, proper, both collared as in the bend, charged as in the arms, and chained fable. Motto. Virtus repulfæ nefcia fordida, (A Virtue ignorant of mean repose. Seat. At Defart, in the county of Kilkenny. Note.In the Peerage of Viscount Enniskillen, in our laft Magazine, page 451, John, father of the firft Lord Mount Florence, read, his fecond daughter Florence, married to Arthur Newburgh, Efq; youngeft fon to Broghill Newburgh, of Ballyhaife, in the County of Cavan, Efq. On the Freedom of the Prefs. T is the opinion of many excellent writers (a) on the laws and conftitution of the English goverment, that the liberty of the prefs is the chief concurrent caufe of that freedom we boaft of as our great prerogative, and which has so often excited the attention and admiration of foreigners. The man who has always enjoyed the fweets of liberty, from the moment of his existence, cannot entertain fo high and merited an opinion of the English conftitution, as the flave who having participated of the mildness of a limited monarchy, now labours under the rigour of a defpotic fovereign; but (as Mr. de Lolme fuppoles) the inhabitants of England/being fo familiarized with the enjoyment, neglect to meditate upon, and inveftigate, the caufe of liberty. While this Palladium of our civil, religious, and political rights is reftricted by a power, which defends the monarch, the ftatesman, and the individual from the dan gerous and illegal fatire of a defamatory writer; a freedom of fentiment is allowed, and the poorest peasant can offer his wrongs to public infpection. This forms the basis of our civil liberty; and the intention of the legislative power retaining this coercion, was to punish thofe libellous productions that miflead the opinions of the ignorant, and deftroy that neceffary unanimity that should characterize every nation. The liberty of the prefs," fays Judge Blackftone, can never be used to any good purposes," when directed by an inspector." The following arguments, I suppose, induced this learned writer to entertain thefe fentiments dictated by long experience, and great profeffional abilities. The decrees of the ftar-chamber were fo arbitrary, that they deftroyed the effects of the prefs, by limiting the number of printers, and appointing licenfers to infpect every new publication; they would neceffarily choofe minions, dependent upon their authority, who would reftrain from the N O. T E. (a) Junius's Pref. 61 letter. De Lolme and Blaftone's Commentaries, vol. iv. page $52. 8vo. public eye every work they faw incompatible with the intereft of their employers, or what they judged might conduce to the detection of that power, fo fubverfive of the liberties of fociety. From the time of Henry VII. when the flar-chamber received, in fome cafes, the fanction of parliament, and venality poffeffed an influence fo powerful, as to bias that great writer Lord Bacon, the diffufion of liberty had gained fo great an afcendency in the minds of the people, that they became inceffant in their clamours, and at laft effected the diffolution of this court in the reign of Charles I. when it exerted its oppreffions with the greateft virulence. "I queftion," fays an hiftorian (a)," whether any of the abfolute monarchies in Europe contain fo illegal and defpotic a tribunal." The cafes of Prynne, author of Hiftrio-maftyx, Lilburne, &c. are too well known to be repeated: if thofe difaffected people, who complain of the system of government by which they are now ruled, recur to the annals of thofe times we are now treating of, and compare their manners with the prefent, they will foon be convinced of the unreafonableness of their difcontent. A material change has taken place fince the trial of the young ftudents of Lincoln's-Inn, who drinking confufion to Archbishop Laud, avoided, by an evafion of the Earl of Dorfet's, a fevere punishment. the fevereft lafh of fatire; and Majefty itThe king's minifters are now expofed to felf, which is efteemed facred, cannot escape public cenfure, (b): thus far the liberty of the prefs may be corrupted, and fo far carried beyond its prerogative, that this abuse may prove its deftruction. That this is an hypothefis founded upon probability, is exemplified from the following precedent; the oppreffions that were practifed to extend the authority of the ftar-chamber, effected its lations, arrived at its prefent ftate in 1694. abolition; and the press, after various regu The fluctuating state of the constitution of influence of liberty muft be progreffive, as England has proved its preservation: for the inftantaneous emotions often prove the deftruction of that cause they too fervently efpoufe; it muft pafs through many courfes, until it feems to be inherent in the nature of thofe, who advance to its meridian: the T Junius, Wilkes, and Peter Pindar. X X X 2 |