again to befeech his Majefty, that he would be graciously pleafed to lay the foundation of a strong and ftable government, by the previous removal of his prefent ministers." and of preferving that balance in the several branches of the legislature, to which the beauty, the permanence, and all the envied advantages of the British conftitution were afcribed.-The addrefs was carried by a majority of 12. On the fourth the addrefs was prefented to the King, and an answer returned to the following effect: "Gentlemen, "I have already expressed to you how fenfible I am of the advantages to be derived from fuch an administration as was pointed out in your unanimous refolution; and I affured you, that I was defirous of taking every step molt conducive to fuch an object. The neceffity of presenting this addrefs was inferred from the evidence that had appeared of a fettled plan, formed by the fecret advisers of the crown, for degrading the weight and import. ance of the Houle of Commons, by deftroying that confidence which the people ought naturally to repole in their reprefentatives. Previous to the year 1782, this object was pursued through the means of a corrupt influence within the Houfe, exercifed in the fupport of certain minif ters and of certain mealures odious to the nation at large. At this time the petitions of the people were treated with fcorn and neglect, and it was strongly maintained, that in the House of Common only was the fenle of the people to be collected. But when by the bill, called Mr. Burke's bill, and other acts, that paffed in the year 1782," I must repeat, that no charge, or complaint, the influence of the crown in that Houfe was al nor any specific objection, is yes made against any inoft entirely destroyed, it became necessary to of them. have refort to other principles. The Houle of Commons was to be degraded, and its refolutions to be despised and trampled on; and the people were artiully incited to appeal from the natural guardians of their liberties to the very power, against the encroachments of which they were inItituted to protect them. Three points in his Majesty's answer to the laft addrels were particularly animadverted upon. The fill, "That no charge or complaint had been juggested against his Ministers. "Qa this it was remarked, that the charge obviously jmplied against the prefent Minifters being, their not piffeffing the confidence of that Houle, his Mijelly had therein been advised to declare, that he and not confider fuch a want of confidence as ay difqualification for the public fervice.-The fecond was, "That numbers of his fubjects had expreffed their fatisfaction at the changes he had made in his council." This was objected to, as leading to a most alarming innovation in the con fhtution it was proved, from examples in the reign of James the Second, that addreffes might be procured in fupport of measures of the most dangerous tendency; and it was contended, that to fuffer Minifters to appeal, at their own option, either from parliament to the people at large, or from the people to their reprefentatives, would be to establish a precedent fubversive of the very form as well as effence of the conftitution.— Thirdly, it was flated in the answer, "That his Majefty could not difmifs his prefent Minifters unul he faw a prospect of, such an union as the Houfe had recommended." The only obstacle, it was faid, that flood in the way of fuch an ani on, was the continuance of those minilters in of fice; this had been expressly voted by the Houfe, and therefore it was a mockery to hold out that obje& as the reason for retaining them, which could only be obtained by their dif miffion. 19 answer to thefe obfervations, the advocates of administration infifted principally on the fmail nets of the majority by which the refolutions of the Houfe had bees carried, and on the growing popularity of the Minifters abroad. The pecel Aty of realting any encroachment upon the preegative of the clown was allo ftrongly urged, "I remain in the same sentiments; but I con. tinue equally convinced, that it is an object not likely to be obtained by the dismission of my prefeat minifters. "If there were any fuch ground for their removal at prefent, it ought to be equally a resfon for not admitting them as a pars of that extended and united admipiltration you hate to be requifite. 66 I did not confider the failure of my receat endeavours as a final bar to the accomplishment of the purpose which I had in view, it it could have been attained on thofe principles of fairness and equality, without which it can neither be honourable to those who are concerned, nor lay the foundation of such a strong and stable goverament as may be of latting advantage to the coun try; buc I know or no farther Reps which I can take, that are likely to remove the difficulties which obftru&t that defirable end. "I have never called in question the right of my faithful Commons to offer me their advice on every proper occafion, touchip, the exercise of my prerogative. I shall be ready, at all timer, to receive, and give it the most acceative confi deration: they will ever find me difposed to shew my tegard to the true principles of the conftitu tion, and to take such measures as may best conduce to the fatisfaction and prosperity of my people." The confideration of the answer was deferred to the eighth of March, when the following representation was ordered to be presented to the King: “That an humble reprefentation be presented to his Majesty, most humbly to testify the farprize and affliction of this Houle on receiving the anfwer which his Majesty's Ministers have advifed to the dutiful and reasonable address of this Houfe, concerning one of the most importaņo aćts of his Majelly's government... To express our concern, that when his Majelty's paternal goodness has graciously inclined his Majefty to be feasible of the advantage to be derived from fuch an administration as was point. ed out in our esolution, his Majesty fhould still be induced to prefer the opinions of individuals to the repeated advice of the reprefentatives of his people, in parliament affembled, with refpeél: 10 the means of obtaining to defirable an end. (To be continued.) Meeting I's Meeting of the French Parliament, Versailles, Nov. 19, 1787. T having been determined in Council, on Sunday night, that the King should meet his Parwarment the next day; his Majesty set out from Verfailles at 8 o'clock this day, and arrived at the Palais in Paris about nine, when the Peers, Prefidents of Parliament, and Counsellors of State attended to receive him.His Majefty carried with him two edicts to be regiftered; one for a new lean of 45 millions of ivres, (18,750,000l.) the other for the re-eftablishment of Proteftants in all their civil rights. -His Majesty opened the Meeting with the following Speech. "Gentlemen, "I AM come to this Affembly to recall to my Parliament thofe principles from which it ought never to deviate; to hear what you have to lay upon two great acts of adminiftration and legiflation, which to me have appeared neceffary, Enally, to reply to you upon the reprefentations made to me by the Chamber of Vacations in favour of my Parliament at Bourdeaux, -The principles which I mean to recall to your recollection, are a part of the effence of the monarchy, and I will not fuffer them to be evaded or changed. I had no need of folicitation to affemble the Notables of my kingdom. - fhall never be afraid of being among my fubjects. A King of France is never more happy than when he enjoys their love and fidelity; but it is I only who am to judge of the use and neceflity of these assemblies, and I will not fuffer myfelf to be indifcreetly importuned for that which ought to be expected from my wildom, and the love I have for my people, whofe inté refts are infeparable from my own. The act of adminiftration which I propofe to myfel, is an ediet, containing a creation of fucceffive loans for five years. I wished to have no further recourse to the refource of loans; but order and economy muf have time to make them effectual. Limited and well calculated loans will retard the operation of the former, but they will not prevent them. No new imposts will be established, and my engagements will be fulfilled. I will ever maintain, by the most conftant and uniform protection, the holy religion in which I have the happiness to be born, and I will not permit it to fuffer the leaft diminution in my kingdom. But I am of opinion that this fame religion commands me not to leave a part of my fubject deprived of their natural rights, and what the ftate of fociety promises them.— You will fee in my answer upon the subject of the Parliament of Bourdeaux, to what a degree its conduct is reprehenfible. My Parliasients ought to reckon upon my confidence and affection; but they ought to merit them, in confining themselves within the functions. copfided to their execution by the Kings my predeceffors, being careful not to depart from, nor refute them, and more particularly never to fail in giving to my fubjects an example of Atelity and fubmiffion.My Keeper of the Seals will more fully communicate to you my intentions." Gent. Mag. Jan. 1788. Permiffion having been announced to the Affembly, that every Member should deliver his fentiments without reftraint, a debate ensued on the loan, warmly fupported in its favour and against it; which lafted till near fix o'clock in the evening, when his Majesty observing that the general opinion was for regiftering the edit, tired with the debate, and pictled by hunger, role and ordered it to be registered. The Duke of Orleans arofe immediately, and protested against the proceedings of that day. His Majesty astonished, repeated his orders, left the Affembly, and arrived about 7 o'clock at Versailles to breakfast. The King having retired, the Duke of Orleans, who had conducted his Majesty to the coach, returned, and the Court deliberating on what had paffed in the Royal Seffion, confidering that the votes were not counted, as the ftanding orders of the court require,' (fo that no deliberation has been taken on this affair) refolved, that the court do not confider themselves as having any fhare in the business of this fitting. Baron De Breteuil the next day (Tuesday evening) prefented his Majefty's letter to the Duke of Orleans. It contained thefe concife. orders. "I have reason to be diffatisfied with your conduct. I order you to retire to Villers Cotteretz, [one of the Duke of Orleans's feats, about fifteen leagues from Paris] where you fhall receive no company except that of your own family. I order you to depart immediately. You fall lie at Reincy, [about four leagues from Paris] where, for this night, you shall see none of your family, nor any perfon belonging to your house," The fame day, L'Abbe Sabatier, and Mr. Freteau, another Member of the Parliament, were fent to prifon; the first to Mount Saint Michael, in Normandy, the second to Hamp, in Picardy. After the exile of the Duke of Orleans, and the imprisonment of the two Magiftrates, the Parliament went to Verfailles, on the 21ft, when the First President thus addressed the King. SIRE, YOUR Pa liament is come, in obedience to your orders. It has this morning been informed at the opening of the fitting, that a Prince of your auguft blood has incurred your displeasure, and that two Counsellors of your Court are de prived of their liberty. Your Parliament, in confternation, humbly fupplicates your Majefty to restore to the Prince of your blood, and to the two Magistrates, the liberty which they have, loft; having, in your prefence, freely declared what their duty and confciences dictated in a fitting, wherein your Majefty had announced, that you care to take the sense of the Assembly by a plurality of fuffrages. The KING's Anfwer. When I put away from my perfon a Prince of my blood, my Parliament ought to believe, that I have very fong reafons for fo doing. I have punilhed two Magistrates, with whom I ought to be dilatisfied. F AB 42 Addrefs of the Parliament to the King, &c. Address of the Parliament to the King, on the to us. SIRES THE public affliction has preceded your Parliament at the feet of the Throne. The first Prince of your blood is exiled; two Magiftrates of your Parliament are imprifoned by your orders the erger of this auguft Prince, the crime of these two Magiftrates is unknown Can it have been a crime to speak the truth in the prefence of your Majefty? to speak it with a refpectful frankness which might merit your approbation? Your Majefty has come among us to demand our free fuffrages; to give them on every occafion, is the right and duty of your Parlament, and the intereft of your Majefty. He is come furrounded quith our intelligence and our love. It is true, the Keeper of the Seals has expreffed the fentiments of your Majefty;but the Counfel we have given to you would no longer come from the fanctuary of juftice, the afylum of the law, and the truth, but from the abode of terror and of filence. If the Duke d'Orleans is guilty, we are all fo. It was worthy the first Prince of your blood to represent to your Majefty, that you were transforming a meeting of the Parliament into a bed of juftice: his declaration has but announced our fentiments: his confcience has judged of ours; and if by the effect of that concord, which nothing can deftroy, between the withes and the duty of your Parliament, the Duke of Orleans has thewn a courage worthy his birth and rank, he has no less manifefted a zeal neceffary to your glory.- -In fact, Sire, Strangers cannot conceive, pofterity will not believe, that we could be expofed to any danger in telling your Majefty that truth, which you have demanded in perfon. Your prefence is always accompanied with favour, muft it benceforth produce fear and affliction? A bed of justice would be lefs terrible than a fitting of Parliament; the loyalty of your Majesty would fupprets our voices, if our confidence, encouraged by yourfelf, was no other but the fignal of our exile or imprifonment. And what imprifonment, Sir? Honor and humanity, as well as justice, tremble at it the bafett men have laid hands on the perfon of one of your Magif trates his house has been befieged; inftruments of the Police have driven away his family: It was by prayers and entreaties to them that he was permitted to fee his wife, his children, and his filters, on his departure. They have forced him away without a fervant; and that Magiftrate, who, on Monday, thought himfelf under the perfonal protection of your Majef ty, is gone to a diftant prifon, unattended but by three men, devoted to arbitrary power.The fecond of thele Magiftrates, feized by your orders, though treated in his own houfe tefs cruelly than the other, has nevertheless been constrained to depart with a fever, and threatened with an inflammatory diforder, to a place where life is a continual punishment.His dwelling is a rock; his prifon beat by the waves of the Tea; the air be breathes unwhotefome; all affistance is remote, and your Majesty, withking it, without knowing it, in figning Jan. the order of imprisonment, has, perhaps, figned that of his death,Thus are two Magiftrates treated without any other known crime than that of having told the truth, which they owe to you, and which you demanded; two Magiftrates acting under the dictates of their confcience, their honor, their oaths,-encouraged by your orders, your goodness, your looks-and depending with reafon on the perfonal generofity of your Majefty. If exile is the recompence of the fidelity of the Princes of your blood; if outrages and captivity threaten the ingenuousness of the firft Magiftrates of the kingdom,-we may afk ourselves with terror and grief, what will become of the laws, the public liberty, fo nearly allied to your own, the national honour, and the manners of the French; thofe manners fo mild, fo neceffary to be preferved for the common intereft of the Throne and of the people? -Such defigns, Sire, are not in your heart: Such examples are not the principles of your Majefty.They arife from another fource. -Your Parliament, Sire, moft humbly befeeches your Majefty, by the interest of your glory, to remove thofe afflicting councils, to confult and liften only to your own heart, and then, juftice with humanity, encouraged by the return of the Firft Prince of your blood, and by the release of your two Magiftrates, will begin to efface an example which would end by the destruction of the laws, the degradation of the Magiftracy, an univerfal difcouragement, and the triumph of the enemies to the honour of the French. A deputation from the Parliament went again to Verfailles on the 26th November, and received the following answer from the King to its fupplications: The day I fat amongst you, my Keeper of the Seals informed you by my orders, that the more goodness I fhewed when I could follow the dictates of my heart, the more firm I could prove myself when I faw my goodness abused.I might here finith my answer to your fupplications. But I am willing to add, that if I blame not the concern you feem to give yourselves about the detention of two Magiftrates of my Parliament, difapprove of your exaggeration of its circumstances and confequences, and of your feeming to attribute it to motives which the freedom of opinion I allowed, does not permit you to fuggeft. I owe no obligation to any body of the motives of my refolutions. Seek no longer to join the particular caufe of thofe whom I have punished, with the intereft of my other fubjects, and that of the laws. fubjects know that my goodness is continually awake to their happiness, and they feel its effect even in the acts of my juftice." Every one is interested in the prefervation of public order, and this effentially belongs to the fupport of my authority. If those who have been charged with the execution of my orders have behaved in a manner contrary to my intentions, I will punith them.If the place wherein the two Magiftrates are detained be prejudicial to their health, I will order them to be transferred to another? All my "The fentiment of humanity is infeparable in my heart from the exercise of my justice.— With respect to the absence of the Duke of Orleans, I have nothing to add to what I have already faid to my Parliament." Since this answer was given, the fentences ef Mr. Freteau, and the Abbe Sabbatier have been changed from imprisonment to exile; the former to one of his estates, the other to a Conres of Benedictines.———— But the King's Edit for the Loan bad been previously registered by the Parliament. Second Petition of the Parliament of Paris to the French King, longing to Majesty. This painful and dangerous talk the King cannot exercife but through his Judges.- -Those who find a pleature in hearing your Majefty pronounce the dreadful ward of punishment, who advife you to punith without a trial, to punith of your own accord, to order exiles, arrefts, and imprisonments; who fuppofe that acts of rigour are incompatible with a benign difpofition, equally force a wound to eternal juftice, the laws of the resim, and the most confolatory prerogative belonging to your Majefty. It does not allow, that opinions delivered in On the Alfembly of the Great Chamber of Parliaments fhould be confidered as motives for Parliaments, 10th Dec. 1787. SIRE, YOUR Parliaments, the Princes and Peers of your realms, being feated, have charged us with the commiffion of laying at the feet of your Throne their most respectful representations on your Majesty's answer to their fupplication. The Magiltracy of your kingdom, as well as every true citizen, are equally astonished at the reproaches it contains, and the principles which are manifefted in it. We are however far from attributing thefe reproaches to the perfonal fentiments which infpire your Majesty. Public decency received a fevere wound in the choice of the executors of your orders. If their crube was not carried to the perfional arreft of one of your Magistrates, the expofition of other facts, far from being exaggerated, is yet incomplete, and your Parliament may add, that this Magiftrate, whofe house was invested by armed mea, himself delivered up to the agents of the Police, like a malefactor, faw himfelf reduced to the humiliation of being liable to the fummons of an Officer, from a fubmiflion to your Majesty's order.. May we be allowed, Sire, to reprefent to you, that in devoting ourselves to the public lervice; in promifing to release your Majesty of the first duty we owe to your nation, namely, that of justice; in bringing up our children to be fubject to the fame facrifices; we never could have fupposed we were deftining ourselves and our children to the misfortunes, ftill lefs to outrages of so heinous a nature. But we do not come fo much to claim your benignity, as the protection of the laws. It is not to your humanity alone we addrefs ourselves; it is not a favour which your Parliament folicits; it comes, Sre, to demand justice. This juftice is fubject to regulations independent of the will of man-even Kings themselves are fubfervient to them; that glorious Prince Henry the IVth, acknowledged he had two fovereigns, God and the Laws. One of these regulations is to condemn no one without a hearing; it is a duty in all times, and in all places; it is the duty of all men, and your Majesty will allow us to reprefent to you, that it is as obligatory on you as on your fubjects. But your Majefty has not to execute this function, and your Parliament with pleasure brings to your recollection its glorious privilege, that of hewing mercy to condemned criminals.- -To condemn them yourself, is not a function be your rigour, and in fome measure, a confolation for us. But if strong reaions thould actuate you to the exile of the Duke of Orleans-if it can be called a kindness that you no longer leave two Magiftrates expofed to perish in diftant prifons, or unwholesome places-if it is considered as an act of humanity which temperates juttice, in releafing them from fuch a fituation, they must indeed be guilty! But it is the duty of your Par liament to judge them, and we demand only, that their crimes fhould be published. The meanett of your tubjects is not lef's interefted in the fuccefs of our reclamations than the first Prince of your blood- -Yes, Sire, not only a Prince of your blood, but every Frenchman punished by your Majefty, and elpecially who is punished without a hearing, becomes neceffarily the subject of public alarm.The union of thefe ideas is not the work of your Parliament, it is that of nature, it is the voice of reafon, it is the principle of the moit wholefome laws of thofe laws which are engraved in every man's heart, which is the principle of your", and which affures us of your perfonal approbation The caufe of his Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans, and of the two Magiftrates, is then. without our confent; and by forcing those principles, the act of the Throne, whole only foundation is juftice, and without which no nation can be happy. It is therefore, in the name of thofe laws which preferve empires, in the name of that liberty for which we are the respectful interpreters and the lawtul mediators, in the name of your authority, of which we are the first and molt confidential Minifters, that we dare demand the trial or the liberty of the Duke of Orleans and the two exiled Magiftrates, who are imprisoned by a fudden order, as contrary to the fentiments as the interefts of your Majefty. TH RUSSIAN MANIFESTU. HE Court having received the news of the imprisonment of M. de Bulgakow, Minifter at Conftantinople, and the declaration of war made by the Porte, can no longer avoid a rupture, and, in confequence, has published a Manifefto, the tenor of which is as follows: The troubles which have inceffantly agitated the public repofe and tranquillity established between the Ruffian Empire and the Porte, by the peace of Kainardgi, are too recent to require recapitulation. Suffice it to fay, that fince the conclufion of that peace unto the pretent m Fi ment, the Porte has fhewn, in all her conduct, the most manifeft want of faith, and a difpofition to render the effential ftipulations then made illufive. Though the Court of Ruffia is furnished with a multitude of proofs of this truth, which the referves for a more particular detail to be publifhed hereafter, the will at prefent cite the facts, the most recent, which have brought on the unexpected developement fo contrary to the pacific fyftem which the followed moft willingly on all occafions. She flattered herself to have fixed an immoveable bafis for peace by the declaratory convention of Aynaly Cavack concluded in 1779, by the commerce, and, in particular, by the tranfaction refpecting the Prefqu' Ifle of the Crimea, the end of which was as then demonAtrated not to extend the frontiers of the Empire, but rather to terminate the disorders and depredations continually made by the people of the Preíqu' Ile, by fubjecting them to a police which would make them refpect the laws, and keep up harmony and good intelligence with the frontiers of both States. Such were the former intentions and views of the Court of Ruffia, which he was at great pains and trouble to accomplish. nor. After having reconciled differences of fo delicate and important a nature, every thing feemed to promite a durable peace; but affairs were hardly thus happily compromifed and adjusted on the faith of treaties and engagements the most folemn and facred, when the next Turkish Miniftry, which fucceeded to that under which all thofe negociations had passed, shewed dispositions diametrically contrary to their spirit and teIll-founded pretenfions foon arofe refpecting the exportation of falt, which had been granted by treaty to the inhabitants of Oczakow.' Ruffian Confuls were denied entrance into fome places of their nomination; and as if it had been proved that obje&s of this nature could not fuffice to effect the rupture in view, protection was publickly permitted to the invafions of the Lefgis and Tartars of Cuban; the first of which hoftilely attacked the States of Czar Heraclius, the acknowledged vaffal of the Emprefs; and the Jatt penetrated into the frontiers of Ruffia, where they robbed, pillaged, and carried off whatever was not defended by the troops ftationed in thofe parts. The Empress, conftant to her plan of moderation which her humanity and love of peace made her adopt, upon receiving the above advices contented herself with calling upon the Turkish Ministry to respect their treaties, and demanding in confequence fatisfaction for fuch breaches of faith and peace; but all her remonstrances were fruitless, and answered with arrogance and difrespect. In the mean time, her principles remained unaltered. Being mistress of her choice of means, the still preferred once more the way of pegociation, and jaid open to the Emperor, her ally, the state of her affairs, and accepted the good offer of the King of France to mediate between hericit and the Porte: fhe made her pretenfions known to them both, and thefe monarchs declared the juftice and equity of them. In short, to neglect nothing that might preferve valuable a bleßing as the peace of her people, she took occafion, when in the neighbourhood of Turkish States, during the memorable journey which he had but lately finished, to recall her Minister at the Porte and examine him touching the differences which had arisen, and the means most efficacious for an accommodation of them all. In this view, and in full confidence of the refpect which the Turks would fhew on their part for mutual and folemn engagements then fubfifting, she returned her Minifter to Conftantinople. Upon his return he was immediately fummoned to a conference, at which, instead of the points being refumed which were in agitation before his departure, and acquiefcing in the demands of Ruifia, a new turn to affairs was given and pretenfions ftarted, the firft of which was contrary to ftipulations made by treaty, and the others derogatory to the dignity of the Emprefs, or rather hurtful to the interests of the Empire. After the Turkish Ministry had thus broken through the limits expressly ftipulated, they thought they might then at once take off the mask, and have discovered the defign which in all probability was long harboured, fince they declared to the Ruffian Minister, that the Porte confidered itself bound but by the treaty of Kainardgi; and as the acts which followed it were but the effect of complailance, she did not think herfelf obliged to adhere to it longer than fuited her convenience. A teim was fixed for receiving a categorical anfwer from the Ruffian Minister to the demands and pretensions communicated to him. The Minifter protested against the injustice, the indecency, and impossibility, in fo fhort a time, of complying with fuch a requifition; he was not heard, not even on the fubject of the complaints ftated before this time, and for which he had demanded fatisfaction. All that he could obtain was the promile of another conference, which also took place, but at which the fame demands and pretenfions were repeated, without adding any thing more except a vague promife of the fatisfaction he had demanded. When the news of these two conferences came to the Empress, the did not abandon herfelf to the difcontent and refentment which were juftifiable; he thought he might remain fpectatrefs of the attempt which a want of delicacy and circumspection, fufficiently common of the part of the Turkish Miniftry, had made them hazard: mean while the sequel had proved that it was a plan long formed, and going to be put immediately in execution. In thele fentiments her Imperial Majefty was willing to crown all the former proofs given of her moderation and diftance in thought from the confequences which fuch a very critical fituation of affairs prefaged, by fome condescendance on her part to fome of the pretenfions of the Porte; and for this purpole orders were difparched to Prince Potemkin, when fuddenly the learned that the Porte, without waiting for the expiration of the term fixed by herfelf, had fummoned M. de Bulgakow to a conference on the 6th (16th) and after propofing to him to fign an act by which the treaty of commerce and the tranfaction concerning the Piefqu' Ine of the Crimea were to be annulled, upon his refufal peace was declared to be broken, and |