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vellers were proceeding. He was unwilling and ashamed to tell the caufe of his being fo folicitous to feparate him from his companiBut as he obferved that Hickey, which was the name of the little man, feemed to be quiet and gentle in his deportment, and had money about him, and that the other had a ferocious bad countenance, the dream fill recurred to him. He dreaded that fomething fatal would happen; and he wished, at all events, to keep them afunder. However, the humane precautions of Rogers proved ineffectual; for Caulfield, fuch was the other's name, prevailed upon Hickey to contin with him on their way to Carrick, de clag that, as they had long travelled together, they should not part, but remain to gether until he should fee Hickey safely arrive at the habitation of his friends. The wife of Rogers was much diffatished when the found they were gone, and blamed her hufband exceedingly for not being abfolutely peremptory in detaining Hickey."

About an hour after they left Portlaw, in a lonely part of the mountain, juft near the place obferved by Rogers in his dream, Caulfield took the opportunity of murdering his companion. It appeared afterwards, from his own account of the horrid tranfaction, that, as they were getting over a ditch, he truck Hickey on the back part of his head with a tone; and, when he fell into the trench, in confequence of the blow, Caulfield gave him feveral ftabs with a knife, and cut his throat fo deeply, that the head was obferved to be almost fevered from the body. He then rified Ilickey's pockets of all the money that was in them, took part of his cloaths, and every thing else of value about him, and afterwards proceeded on his way to Carrick. He had not been long gone, when the body, ftill warm, was difcovered by fome fabourers who were returning to their work from dinner.

The report of the murder foon reached to Portlaw. Rogers and his wife went to the place, and infantly knew the body of hin whom they had in vain endeavoured to diffuade from going on with his treacherous companion. They at once spoke out their -fufpicions that the murder was perpetrated by the fellow traveller of the decealed. An, immediate fearch was made, and Caulfield was apprehended at Waterford the fecond day after. He was brought to trial at the enfuing affizes, and convicted of the fact. It appeared on the trial, amongst other circum. frances, "that when he arrived at Carrick, he hired a horse, and a boy to conduct him, not by the ufual road, but by that which runs on the North fide of the river Suir, to Wa terford, intending to take his paffage in the firft fhip froon thence to Newfoundland. The boy took notice of fome blood on his hirt,

and Caulfield gave him half a crown to pro-
mife not to speak of it. Rogers proved, not
only that Hickey was feen laft in company
with Caulfield, but that a pair of new fhoes
which Hickey wore, had been found on the
feet of Caulfield when he was apprehended;
and that a pair of old fhoes which he had on
at Rogers's houfe, were upon Hickey's feet
when the body was found. He defcribed
with great exactnefs every article of their
cloaths. Caulfield, on the cross-examinati-
on, fhrewdly afked him from the dock,
Whether it was not very extraordinary that
he, who kept a public-houle, fhould take
fuch particular notice of the drefs of a firan-
ger, accidentally calling there? Rogers, in
his anfwer, faid, he had a very particular
reafon, but was afhamed to mention it. The
court and prifoner infifting on his declaring
it, he gave a circumstantial narrative of his
dream, called upon Mr. Browne the priest,
then in the court, to corroborate his teftimo-
ny, and said, that his wife had feverely re-
proached him for permitting Hickey to leave
their house, when he knew that, in the fhort
footway to Carrick, they must neceffarily
pafs by the green fpot in the mountain which
had appeared in his dream. A number of
witnefics came forward; and the proofs
were fo ftrong, that the jury, without heli-
tation, found the pannell guilty.-It was re-
marked, as a fingularity, that he happened
to be tried and sentenced by his namesake,
Sir George Caulfield, at that time lord chief
juftice of the King's Bench, which office he
refigned in the Summer of the year 1760.

After fentence, Caulfield confeffed the fact. It came out, that Hickey had been in the Weft Indies two and twenty years; but falling into a bad state of health, he was returning to his native country, Ireland, bringing with him fome money his induftry had acquired. The veffel on board which he took his paffage was, by stress of weather, driven into Minehead. He there met with Frederick Caulfield, an Trifh failor, who was poor, and much diftreffed for cloaths and common neceffaries. Hickey, compaffionating his poverty, and finding he was his countryman, relieved his wants, and an intimacy com menced between them. They agreed to go to Ireland together; and it was remarked on their paffage, that Caulfield fpoke contemptuoufly, and often faid, it was a pity fuch a puny fellow as Hickey fhould have money, and he himfelf be without a fhilling. They landed at Waterford, at which place they ftaid fome days, Caulfield being all the time fupported by Hickey, who bought there fome cloaths for him. The affizes being held in the town during that time, it was afterwards recollected that they were both at the Court-houfe, and attended the whole of a trial of a fhoemaker, who was convicted of

the

the murder of his wife. But this made no impreffion on the hardened mind of Caulfield; for the very next day he perpetrated the fame crime on the road betwixt Waterford and Carrick-on-Suir, near which town Hickey's relations lived.

He walked to the gallows with firm ftep, and undaunted countenance. He spoke to the multitude who furrounded him; and, in the course of his address, mentioned that he had been bred at a charter-school, from which he was taken, as an apprenticed fervant, by William Izod, Efq. of the county of Kilkenny. From this ftation he ran away on being corrected for fome faults, and had been abfent from Ireland fix years. He confelled also, that he had feveral times intend. ed to murder Hickey on the road between Waterford and Portlaw; which, though in general not a road much frequented, yet people at that time continually coming in fight prevented him.

Being fruftrated in all his fchemes, the fudden and total disappointment threw him, probably, into an indifference for life. Some tempers are fo ftubborn and rugged, that nothing can affect them but immediate fenfation. If to this be united the darkest ignorance, death, to fuch characters, will hardly feem terrible, because they can form no conception of what it is, and fill lefs of the consequences that may follow. Yours, &c. The Effects of Poverty and Kiches compared.

A. LL.

devotes it intirely to the gratification of his fenfual appetites and paffions, and spends his time in a continual round of gaiety and amufement, yet it is impoffible he ean pofffs the leaft degree of real pleafure. No! there is a fomething that he wants, yet to which he will never attain, viz. the fatisfaction arifing from self-approbation, which is known to none but virtuous minds: the want of this fource of happiness hurries him on to freth fcenes of diffipation and riot, fe that he is never free from the reproaches of confcience, unless when in pursuit of his pleasures and amusements; and, when alone,

Yea, good belongs to ev'ry state of life, And ev'ry season hath peculiar sweets, Or more or lefs, which he who can extract And feed upon, has learn'd the art to live. S there is not an evil more dreaded than A the fuppofed evil of poverty, fo there is not an earthly good more ardently fought than the poffeffion of riches. Wealth is fuppefed capable of purchafing the greatest hap pinefs, of procuring every defirable pleafure, and elevating the poffeffor to the ut most pitch of earthly felicity. Hence the multitude, with an impetuofity equal to their unbounded withes, rife early and retire late, and with intense application endeavour to grafp thofe riches from which all happiness is fuppofed to be derived. But, alas ! many have experienced the greatest disappointment; for among the giddy croud, who make wealth their chief aim, after all their affiduous endeavours, how few can fay they have purchased happiness and content? A train of unforeseen events meets them in their way, baffles all the endeavours of the wary merchant, and beclouds the fhining profpect he had of poffeffing the delectable bject of his-warmest wishes. Even the pio felfed libertine, the man of the world, tho' poffeffed of an ample fortune, and tho' he

Each recollected pleasure makes him smart, And ev'ry tranfport ftabs him to the heart.

The avaricious man likewife, who by fraud and oppreffion has amaffed together confiderable treasures, no doubt, is lets hap py than the laboring peafant; his inordinate defires ftill increafe with the increase of his riches, he still wishes for more; but when there is not a probability of his defire being thus gratified, it gives him pain, and difturbs his moft tranquil hours.

In short, there are few perfons fuperior to their neighbours in point of fortune, but have experienced many feafons of difquietude and pain, either from fickness, the natural confequence of diffipation, perplexity in their domeftic concerns, or failure in their various pursuits.

On the other hand, the honeft poor, who labour for the daily fupport of themfelves and families, moft certainly poffefs the greateft happiness, pleasure, and content. Soon as the bufinefs and fatigues of the day are over, the countryman throws his utenfils afict, and, where the partner of his life, who and with pleafure repairs towards his is a dearer felf, with joy receives him, and his little offspring prattle around their fire, with all the marks of a fincere welcome.

What is the world to them,

Its pomp, its pleasure, and its nonsense all?
Who in each other clafp whatever fair
High fancy forms, or lavish heart could with,
Truth, goodness, honour, harmony and love,
The richest bounty of indulgent Heaven,
What tho' he knows not thofe fantastic joys,
That fill amufe the wanton, ftill deceive,
A face of pleasure, but a heart of pain.
Sure peace is his, a folid life, eftranged
To difappointment and fallacious hope.
Rich in content, in nature's bounty rich,
In herbs and fruits.
THOMSON.

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must be a burthen) he relishes the plaineft food without fatiety, and his undisturbed repofe exhilarates his fpirits, and enables him to go forth to the bufinefs of the enfuing day with chearfulness and vigour.

How happy he who's toil Has o'er his languid, pow'rlefs limbs diffus'd A pleafing laffitude! He not in vain Invokes the gentle deity of dreams, His powers the moft voluptuously dissolve -In foft repofe; on him the balmy dews Of fleep with double nutriment defcend Who never fafts, no banquet e'er enjoys; Who never toils or watches, never fleeps. ARMSTRONG.

A perfon of a chearful contented difpofition, no doubt, may be happy in any ftate which Providence hath allotted him; but yet poverty, which is a fpur to indefatigable induftry, is more likely to produce that calm ferenity of mind, which is the greatest fource of lafting happiness, and which those who are concerned in great exploits cannot poffibly enjoy.

What happiness the rural maid attends,
In chearful labour while each day she spends;
Shegratefully receives what Heaven has fent,
And, rich in poverty, enjoys content.
She never lofes life in thoughtless ease,
Nor on the velvel couch invites disease.
Her reputation, which is all her boaft,
In a malicious vifit ne'er was loft.
If love's foft paflion in her bofom reign,
An equal paffion warms her happy swain;
No home-bred jars her happy ftate controul,
Nor watchful jealouty torments her foul.
With fecret joy fhe fees her little race
Hang on her breaft, and her finall cottage

grace:

The fleecy ball their little fingers cull,
Or from the spindle draw their length'ning

wool.

[of mind, Thus flow her hours, with conftant peace "Till age the latest thread of life unwind. GAY

And what greater happiness can be defired upon earth? They have enough to fupport their family, and no more; they defire no more, as they know it is in vain; they have no hopes of increasing their wagess, therefore are not disappointed, and confequently content; and if licknefs was not to enter their peaceful dwelling, poverty would be much preferable to riches.

A curious Account of the Albino Negro.

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All the individuals agree in these circumftances. They are of a pallid cadaverous white, untinged with red, without any coloured fpots or feams; their hair of the fame kind of white, fhort, coarse, and curled, as in that of a Negro, all of them well formed, frong, healthy, perfect in their fenfes, except that of fight, and born of parents whe had no mixture of white blood.

Mr. Jefferson, who has written notes on the state of Virginia, faw four of them, three of which, he fays, were fifters, having two other full fifters who were black. The youngeft of these three was killed by lightning, at twelve years of age; the eldeft died at about twenty-feven years of age in child-bed, with her fecond child; the middle one is now alive in health, and has iffue, as the eldest had, by a black man; which iffue was black.

They are uncommonly fhrewd, quick in their apprehenfions, and in reply.

Their eyes are in a continual tremulous vibration, very weak, and much affected by the fun; but they fee better in the night than we do.

The fourth Negro is a woman, whose parents came from Guinea, and had three o

ther children, who were of their own colour. She is freckled, her eye-fight fo weak, the is obliged to wear a bonnet in the fummer; but it is better in the night than in the day. She had an Albino child by a black It died at the age of a few weeks. The fixth inftance is a woman: she is ftout and robuft, and has iffue a daughter jet black, by a black man.

man.

The feventh inftance is of a male: he is Whatever be the caufe of the disease in the tall of stature, and now advanced in years. fkin, or in its colouring matter, which prothe female than male fex. duces this change, it feems more incident to

within his knowledge, born black, and of Mr. Jefferson also mentions a Negro man, black parents, on whofe chin, when a boy, a white fpot appeared. This continued to increate till he became a man; by which time it had extended over his chin, lips, one cheek, the under-jaw and neck on that fide. It is of the Albino white, without any mixture of red, and has, for several years, been ftationary. He is robuft and healtky, and the change of colour was not accompanied with any fenfible disease, either general or topical.

In the Critical Review of November laft, another inftance is given. The Reviewer fays: We know a female of this kind, born of black parents, married to an Englishnan, whole children were mulattoes. The woman was exhibited as a fhow, but her children were the greatest curiofities.

Political

The Political Hiftory of Europe for 1984 and 1 ∙1785

(Continued from page 656 of our Magazine for December luft).....

THE

HE debates on this bill turned principally on its merits and demerits, as compared with the India bill rejected in the Houfe of Lord. It was urged by Mr. Pitt, that in his bill all the right enjoyed by the company, un der their charter, were preferved inviolate, as tar as was compatible with the public safety. When, in answer to this, it was fhewn, that nothing but the Thadow of power was left to the company; and that, by the negative referved to the crown in all matters whatsoever, the fubflance war, în effect, velted there: he contended, that whatever might be the effect of the bill, yet, having previously obtained the confent both of the court of proprietors and directors to all the regulations contained in it, no violation of privileges could be inferred, where there was a voJuntary furrender of them. To this argument je was objected, that the confent of 250, the num. ber of those who voted in the court of proprie tors for the regulations in the bill, could not imply the content of 1,400, who compofe the whole body of proprietors, especially in a cafe of property, where no Relegation of the power of ballotting could be communicated, and where a great part of the abfent members had not an opportunity to attend: but whatever weight might be showed to the refolutions of the court of proprietors, they only proved, that of two evils, the more formal refumption of their authority by the firft bill, or the indirect affumption of it by the lat, they had chofen what they conceiv. ed to be the leaft.

The fecond point, in which the new bill dif. fered from the forme, was this, that it left where it found all the patronage of the company, the appointment of the commander in chief excepted. The fallacy of this pretence was, on the other bide, ftrongly maintained the whole military patronage, it was faid, would almoft neceffarily follow the appointment of the commander in chief. The negative given to the crown in the appointment of the governors and cooneil would, by a judicious management, enable the minilter in reality, though not in form, to nominate the whole; and every member, both evil and military, being made removeable at the will of the crown, would naturally become subServient to its fi-ws and interests.

In the former bill, the transferring the entire government of the company affairs to the new board, the Domination of commiffioners

par

liament, and the permanent duration of their authority for a term of four years, had occafion,

repofed in them, in the poffeffion of dominion, merely for the purpofe of being 'controuled by an other, was to establish difunion and weaknel in government upon fyftem. The notable expedi ent provided in this cafe, of an appeal from the King's privy council to the King in council, was ridiculed with great fuccefs. In the second place, it was argued, that the proposed regulations tended to confound one of the strongest principles of good government, that of refponfibility. The court of directors certainly fund foremost in the offensible government of the company; but it was to make them refponfible for orders and inftructions which they might be obliged to fige, contrary to their judgment and their confcience. Laftly, it was frenuously maintained, on the fame ground that had heto e been taken in the debate on the rejected bill, that no effectual ly)tern of regulation could be devised, in which a independent and permanent power was not lod. ged in the perfon who were to be insulted with the execution of it."

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The bill was read a fecond time on the 23d of January; and on the motion for its being committed, the Houle divided, ayes 214, noes 222. The bill being thus rejected, Mr. Fox gave notice of his intentions to bring in another bill relative to the Tame object, in which, without departing from the leading principle of the firft bill, that of establishing a relponsible and permanent government at home, he fhould endeavour to accommodate the reft to the wishes of chofe who appeared to have taken what he conceived to be a very ground!els alarm at his former propofition. This notice was received with great fatisfaction by the Houfe; but the events which followed prevented the proceeding further upon it.

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Refolution moved against the ministry by lord Charles Spencer Union of parties called for, Difficulties Rated by the leaders of each party. The minifter called on to give information relative to the defign of diffolving parliament-be refufes. Motion intended to be made thereon, but deferred. Minifter again interrogated re Spetting the diffolution-bis answer. "Motion to cbftruct the diff lution. Minifier's reasons for continuing in office. Ridiculous accufation of the late ministry of bribery. Caufes of the indecifion of both parties. Meeting of members at the St. Alban's tavern to effect an uniontheir address to both parties, and the anjævers→→→ their motions in the House of Commons for forming a new miniftry, ordered to be laid beforlike king. Motion of the St. Alban's "offe ciation against the exclusion of either party in

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ed great alam, as creating a new power dan-forming a new miniftry carried on in the Houfe

1

gerous to the conftitution. The object of the prefent bill was merely controul; and the exer eife of that control, like every other branch of the executive government, was referred to the difcretion of the crown In anfwer to this, it was obferved, in the first place that to leave one set of men, who had not only been convicsed of having notoriously abused their power, but were univerfally allowed to be effir for the trea Gent. Mag. Jan. 1788.

of Commons. Difinterested conduct of lord Nerth. New expedient for effecting on which -caufos of its failure-mifchievous confeq.ences of those measures. His Majelly's refusal to difmi's his minifters-debate thereon. Proceed-' ings in the House of Lords. Addrefy to the King from the Commons, on the resolutions laid before him, "and his Majesty's anfœwers. Ad"draj's to the King for the removal of his minis

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ters, and his Majefty's answer thereto. Ring to weaken the authority, and to overs we, an prefentation to the King on the flate of public controul the general fente of the body, whic affairs. Prorogation and diffolution of par- they made a part?

liament.

HE difcuffion of the bill for re

L

16: Jan. T gulating the affairs of the East conftitution from the fhack it was otherwife like

Todia company did not prevent the Houfe of Commons from adverting, in the mean time, to the general ftate of public affairs. The refolution, which paffet on the 12th of January, would probably, at any other period, have operated decifively against the ministry; but the fake was too deep to be haftily thrown away; and an attempt was therefore made to evade the confequences of that vote, by confidering it as too generally worded to convey any direct cenfure on the members of the prefent adminiftration. In order therefore to bring the point to a more direct fue, the following refolution was moved by lord Charles Spencer, in the committee on the fate of the nation :;:

TO In the courfe of the debate, Mr. Powis ex preffed his wishes for an union between the con tending parties, as the only means of faving th Ay to receive. No notice was taken by Mr. Pit of this overture; and Mr. Fox declared, that until the right honourable Gentleman, by quit. ting the situation, which in the opinion of that Houfe he had obtained by unconftitutional means, and which he feemed inclined to maintain in defiance of their refolutious, had made amende bonorable for his offence, and thus qualified himfelf to return to it on fair, open, and honourable grounds, he would never confent to act with him. On the divifion there appeared for the refolution 205, against it 185.

The public expectation was now fix20th Jan. ed on two important events, the one or other of which it was fuppofed would be the "That it having been declared to be the neceffary confequence of the last vote of the opinion of this Houle, that in the prefent fitus- House of Commons, namely, the resignation of tion of his Majelly's dominions, it is peculiarly the minifters, or the diffolation of parliament. neceffary there should be an adminiftration that On the 20th of January, the day appointed for has the confidence of this Houfe, and of the the committee again to fit on the fate of the napublic; and that the appointments of his Majestion, there was a general call amongst the men)ty's prefent minifters were accompanied by circomitances new and extraordinary, and fuch as do not conciliate or engage the confidence of this House the continuance of the pretent minit "ters in truffs of the highest importance and re fponfibility is contrary to conflitutional principles, and injurious to the interefts of his Majeft ty and his people."**

In oppofition to this motion, it was argued, that the premiter, allowing them to be true and well-founded, did not warrant the conclufion, face the prefen; minifters were not even accufed of having had any hare in the tranfactions ailudelto, They had been

bers, called country gentlemen, for a coalition. Mr. Fox perfevered in the fentiments he had be fore delivered, but declared his readiness to put off the committee, that no hally fleps might be taken; at the fame time he was of opinion, that the Chancellor of the Exchequer was bound to give dome explanation of the very extraordinary conduct he had thought proper to adopt. Mr. Pit acknowledged that his fituation was new and extraordina y; but had no doubt, that when ever the proper time carpe for flating his reafons to the Houfe, why he continued in office after the refolutiga paffed on the 16th, he should ftrict fenfe of his duty.

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ed by his Majelly, uppaflitutionally appoint make it appear that he had been actuated by a

had a fole right to, aproint them; and though it was not denied that majority of the Houfe was competent to declare their want of confidence in minifters fo appointed, yet they were bound in duty to alledge god and fufficient grounds for fuch a declara tion; otherwile the nation would juflly confider it not as a conftitutional queflion, but as a dar ing affumption of the prerogative of the crown, and a factious attempt în fuch a majority to noninate their own ministers. In answer to there arguments was proved, from varios prece dents, that the fo

4.

Houfe of Commons had frequent ly paffed vole of cenfure on minifters, with ut alledging any specific acts as the ground of fuch cenfule, But without having recourte to this authority, it was affected, that trafons ad

duced in the motion were tulle 206

That the prefent minifters, did not pfies the confidence of the Houle, was a fact recorded on their Journals. It would be vain and fruitled to fight over again, on every occation, the grounds which that refolution was voted, and if the liberative opinion of a decided majority, on a great public queftion, and in the exercife of their indoubted privileges, deferved the appellation tfedis, by what epithets was the conduct of the minority to be defcribed, who were attempts

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The rejection of Mr. Pitt's India bill, which took place, as was before, 23d Jan! related, on the 23, was generally confidered as the concluding act of the prefent, House of Commons. As foon as the divifion, was.over, the minifter was defied to give the Houfe fome fatisfaction refpecting a mealure in which they were fo nearly concerned, and, on his remain ing filent, a loud and general call was repeated from every fide of the Hofe. At length fome ha fh expreffion, uled by General Conway, re lative to his cpnouct, cbliged him to rife; but, after fome warru remonftrances on the treatment he had received, he concluded with a flat refulaj to aplyer, the interrogatories that were put to hum, Several of the members who usually vote ed with him, now joins in the general request, but in vain. The Hours, Riew gufually warm, and Mr. 1 den was jejaring to move the follow, ing rcfolpton,

That for any of his Majelly's confidential minitters in that Hupfe, to jejule to the Houte au explanation of the tente in which fuch minit, ter underlands & Speech on an answer of his Mas jelly, is conuary to the ancient and uniform, practice of former min fes; and tends to pro

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