348 Trial of Mr. Barbot for the Murder of Mr. Mills. Aug. never faw the prifoner, till the morning Andrew Armour.-That fome time be- Patience Dorfet.-That on the king's B D the prifoner's negro boy brought a red trunk to his house, in which the prifoner used to carry his things. likewife faid, that at his defire, the pri The doctor times at a mark, with a pair of Mrs. foner and he, upon Nov. 12. fired feveral and filver mounting, and he believed to Dafent's piftols, which had brafs barrels be the fame with thofe thewn to him in court. That on the 20th Mrs. Dafent miffed them, and he helping her to search for them, found them under the bed in a room where ftood a red trunk, which he believed to be the trunk that the prisoner's boy had brought to his house the morning opened: That there was a coat and waistof the 19th. That he faw the trunk coat in it which were moift: That he did not on the Saturday night, the 18th, fend his boy or any of his horfes out on any errand: That the night between Saturday and Sunday the 19th was a very boisterous night; and that from the time he spoke the time he faw him riding up to the house to the prifoner on Saturday night, and in the morning, he believed, he might "have been at St. Chriftopher's and back again. The witnetles to the will were then called, who fwore they witnessed a deed written and executed by the prifoner, Nov. 18, at night, but could not be posttive it was a will. Thonjas Hobfon and his fifter living on Bridgwater eftate fwore, that on Saturday night, Nov. 18, about midnight, Dr. Webhe's boy came to their house on one of the doctor's horses, about midnight, and faid he had been round the inland looking for his mafter. That after putthere all night: That about 8 o'clock next ting up his horfe who was wet, he stayed morning a little gentleman in a white for Pope, the boy's name, and the moment coat and filver-laced hat came there, asked he faw him, bid him faddle the horse: That as foon as he was faddled, after afking the boy the nearest way to Dr. Webbe's houfe, he mounted and rode F that way: That he came from towards the bay, and that the prisoner was the very man. Dr. James Webbe,-That at the aforefaid fale, he heard the prifoner fay, we will be bound by thefe conditions as far as the law can bind us and no farther; and that the marfbal had no right to make any terms of fale. That he heard the deceafed fay, we will bave no fchoolboys play. That the prifoner purchafed the eftate at his requeft. That the prifoner and he were intimate." And after this being asked thus: Did you never hear the prifoner mention any thing of fatisfaction or ill treatment? Without objecting to the question, he answered, never; and afterwards being asked thus: Did the prifoner never fay any thing to you on the fubject of the difpute that had happened at the fale of Bridgwater's estate? He, without objecting anfwered, no, he E never did. The doctor confeffed, that the prifoner did, on Nov. 18, in the evening, write.execute, and deliver to him a deed or writing attefted by three witnelles, but faid he did not know whether it was his will or no, nor did the prifoner then inform him of his being a gatee in it; whereas the doctor had aid in his exami nation before the judges" of the island ef Nevis, which was read in court, that the prifoner had that evening made his will, and informed him that he was a legatec. The doctor further faid, that o the 18th at night, the prifoner went to bed at his, the doctor's, houfe, and that on the 19th in the morning he faw the prijoner riding up to his, the docter's, houfe, G on one of his, the doctor's, horfes, and his, the doctor's, negro-boy along with him: That he then had on a whitish coat, a silver-laced hat, and a dark coloured waistcoat ; and that about the fame time, John M'Kenley, fwore, that, Nov. 19, about 5 o'clock in the morning a negro out, O Lord, mafter make kafte and come boy rushed into his chamber, and cried down, for my master is fighting with fword from Nevis. That the boy got prefently and piftols, with a gentleman that is come again upon his master's horfe, galloped down, and he followed on foot. That he found the gentleman juft expired, therefore asked the boy who had killed his maker, and that he told him it was Barbot, 1753. Trial of Mr. Barbot for the Murder of Mr. Mills. 349 Barbot, who was just gone off in a canoe. William Johnfon being then called, his being fworn was objected to, because he had been convicted and whipped at Montferrat for petty larceny. Anfwered, by the profecutor's council, You must produce the record of the conviction. Replied for the prifoner, that they did not know of his being to be produced as a witnefs till the day before yesterday, fo that they had not time to procure the record, but would prove it by witnesses. But this not being admitted, Johnson was fworn and faid, that in his paffage from Nevis to St. Chriftopher's, Nov. 19, about fix o'clock in the morning, a canoe with four cars and a fail paffed by him, in which was the prifoner, dreffed in a white coat, a laced hat, and a dark coloured waistcoat: That it feemed coming from Frigate-bay, and was standing for Nevis ; and that as he could then fee the whole way between the two, he could fay there was then no other canoe in the channel. B fure it was the prisoner, and that he was dreffed in a brown coat. Edward Bridgwater. That, Nov. 19, between nine and ten in the morning, he faw the prifoner riding over Gruff's gut, the nearest way to Dr. Webbe's, on a horse of the doctor's. John Cribbe.-That, Nov. 17, the prifoner hired his canoe, to carry fome letters to St. Kitt's, and the canoe returned the next day in the afternoon. That the negroes belonging to her, then took her to go a fining, as he understood, and he did not fee them again till the 19th about eight o'clock in the morning, foon after which he asked Peter, what luck? To which he answered, poor luck; and looking very thoughtful and melancholy, faid he was troubled; for that he had been at St. Kitt's with Mr. Barbot, who, he was afraid, had done a great deal of mischief, for, he believed, he had killed Mr. Mills: That it was about ten o'clock in the morning he had this discourse with Peter and that he had not till then heard of Mr. Mills being killed. Thomas Quin,-That he was fent from St. Kitt's in pursuit of the prisoner: That he did not arrive at Nevis till about eleven o'clock, and that he was fure he was the first that brought the news of Mr. Mills being killed to Nevis. Mrs. Frances Dafent and Jofeph Herbert, Efq; conD firmed what Dr. Webbe had said about finding the pistols; but faid there was nothing in the trunk but a brown waistcoat and a black pair of breeches; and Mr. Herbert added, that finding them wet, he put his tongue to the waistcoat, and found it falt, from which he concluded, it must have been wet with falt water. Thomas Wilfon, Efq; fwore, that, Nov. 19, this Johnfon came to him with a letter from Mr. Miffet of Monferrat. That upon his telling Johnfon of Mr. Mills being killed, and that it was fuppofed by Mr. Barbot. Barbot! faid he, why E I met bim going in a canoe to Nevis this morning. Jafper Thomas.-That, Nov. 19, between fix and feven in the morning, he faw Mr. Cribbe's canoe, with Mr. Halburd's Peter, and Mr Deverade's Joe in it, land just under Lowland church, and "feemed to have come from the falt ponds. That the inftant it ftruck the shore, the prifoner, who had on a filver laced hat and whitish coat, jumped out, and after him a little negro boy with a little red trunk on his head: And that both went towards the town. John Thomas, the fon, fwore to much the fame effect with his father. F William White fwore, that, Nov. 19, G he faw the prifoner in the morning, walking up the road that leads to Bridgewater's eftate, and believed he came from the bay: That he was dressed in a brown *coat and a laced hat; and that he was Dr. Hamilton and Mr. Edwards fwore, that, Nov. 19, they were fent for to view the body of the deceased, and found he had been wounded by a ball from fome fire arm: That the ball had entered the right lide at a place which they could not defcribe better than by drawing a ftraight line directly from the pap four inches downwards, and then carrying it four inches towards the back. That upon opening the body, they found the ball had entered between the two laft falfe ribs, and splintered one of them, and had penetrated the body obliquely from the right to the left fide, which was the caufe of his death. That they did not think the deceafed could have received fuch a wound if he had been standing in a pofture of defence, because the ball took its courfe towards the forepart of the left fide. Mr. Walter Pringle and Mr. Samuel Baker, fwore, that, Nov. 19, when they came 350 Trial of Mr. Barbot for the Murder of Mr. Mills. eame into the room where the deceased's body was, they called for his pistols, which fomebody brought to them. They were fcrew-barrel piftols, and the fame then thewed to them. That they examined the piftols, and in one they found neither powder nor ball, nor in the other any powder, but only a ball sticking in the barrel. That there was not the leaft ftain of burnt powder, either about the cock, or any where elfe, which muft have been if they had been lately fired, nor did either of them fmell as if lately fired out of. That upon examining the deceased's cloaths, they found upon the right flap of his coat a ftain of dry powder and the fame upon the inside of his great coat. And Mr. Baker added, that he put his little finger into the barrel of that one of the pitols which had the ball in it, and there came off upon his finger a yellowish rufty dirt. Mr. Herbert being again called, fwore, that a little while after the deceafed's body was brought to Mr. Colhoun's houfe he fearched his pockets, and found in his breeches pockets three bullets. The prifoner then came upon his defence, and after making a very handfome and a very artful speech to the court, he called his wineffes, one of whom was Mr. William Julius, one of the coroner's inquest at St. Kitt's upon the body of the deceafed, who fwore, that when Johnfon was examined before them, he faid, that he believed it was Mr. Barbot whom he faw in the canoe, but could not fwear positively to him, for he was a musket-shot off. And another was Manfell Wilkes, who fwore, that ever fince he had known Johnfon, he had always born a bad charafter, and that he reckoned him a bad man. The prifoner likewife called feveral witneffes to prove, that on Nov. 1o, the king's birth-day, he was during the whole day at Nevis; but his witneffes differed among themselves as to the day, and the profecutors afterwards brought three gentlewomen who all fwore, that they had feen him on that day at St. Kitt's. Then after the prifoner and the counfel for the profecutors had made their speeches as ufual to the court and jury, the prefident fummed up the evidence, and the jury, after being withdrawn for about half an hour, brought in their verdict guilty, whereupon the ufual fentence was pronounced; and then the prifoner addruffing himself to the court faid, That fince it could no longer avail him to conceal the fact, he would make a frank con cffion of the whole. He then con4 Aug. feffed, that he did kill Mr. Mills, but that he killed him fairly according to the notions of honour prevailing among men. That the caufe of the quarrel was, Mr. Mills calling him at the fale of the estate an impertinent puppy, and refufing afterwards to make any apology, but instead A thereof faying, that if injured, he was at my fervice, when prothought myself perly called upon. veral letters paffed between them, by That upon this fewhich means they at last met at the time and place mentioned in the trial; and that Mr. Mills had his piftol actually prefented when he received the fhot which killed him. B Before his execution, which was on Jan. 20, 1753, he wrote a long narrative of his cafe in a letter to a gentleman of St. Kitt's, in which he ftill insisted upon his killing Mr. Mills fairly; but in the paper he delivered to the provost marshal at the place of execution, he fays nothing Chaving killed Mr. Mills fairly, fo that of the truth of this narrative, or of his whether he did fo or not is still doubtful; but one thing feems to be certain, that Mr. Mills and he met that morning by exprefs appointment, therefore if it was not a fair duel, Mr. Mills must have been very imprudent; for no prudent man would go fingle and alone to meet and with him a pair of piftols in good order. fight another, without carrying along If M'Kenley, when he found the deceafed's fword and piftols in the fituation he describes, had asked the boy who put them into that fituation; or if a witnefs had been produced at the trial to prove, that the piftols fhewn to Meff. Pringle of Mr. Mills's holfters when the horfe and Baker were the very piftols taken out returned, it would have tended to clear up this question; for Dr. Hamilton seems not to understand the proper posture of defence, when a man fights with pistols, which is to turn his right fide as much as poffible to his enemy, because he may thereby more probably escape his enemy's fhot, as the fide of his body is not near fo E F broad as the front; and a ball, by flanting upon one of the ribs may take a direction different from what it had when it entered the body. We have given the more full account of the evidence upon this trial, because the proof was founded entirely upon prethe fact, which is a dangerous fort of fumption, without any one witness of proof, but more neceffary to be admitted in the Weft Indies than here at home, becaufe negroes are not admitted as witneffes, even tho' employed to affift in committing a crime, A 1753. Ruffia Pot-Afbes. Dr. Addington of the Sea Scurvy. 351 A genuine AccOUNT of the Manner of making beft Ruffia Poт-ASHES. Communicated to the EDITOR by the late Sir PETER WARREN. T HE best kind of Pot-Afhes are thofe which being broke appear of a fine light bluish colour, intermixed with red and yellowish veins, free from coals, of A a ftrong fmell, and extreme quick, poinant tafte; they are generally in cakes about three or four inches thick. The best woods for making of Pot. Ashes are well grown oak, ash, poplar, hiccory, elm, hazel, beech, and other forts of white woods. But pine, fir, faffafras, liquid amber or fweet gum, and all odoriferous woods, as well as thofe which abound with a rozin or gum, must be utterly rejected. The wood must be cut in the months of November, December, January and February, fplit and stacked up in piles to dry. It ought to continue ftacked ten or twelve months, that it may be thoroughly dry, before it is burnt. if there is occafion; the furnaces muft be made hot with oak or afhen wood, a ftrong fire in each furnace, which muft burn day and night. Then the prepared afhes must be thrown gradually on the fire (with a large iron ladle) when they will run into a metal like lead; the fire must never go out till the furnace is almost full of Pot-Ashes. The process being thus finished, and the furnace cool, the afhes muft be broke fo as to be taken out, (but the larger the pieces are the better) as foon as the Pot-Athes are taken out, the large pieces must be put into tight caiks by themfelves, fo that no air may come to them B to make them flack, and get moift, which damages Pot-Afhes.-The duft and fmall pieces must be put into casks by themselves, and diftinguished from the others by a mark on the heads of the casks. EXTRACT from Dr. ADDINGTON's Essay on the SEA SCURVY, printed, and addreffed to the Lards Commiffioners of the Admiralty at the Request of Dr. STEPHEN HALES, and feveral eminent Physicians. C The wood should be burnt to ashes on a tight brick hearth, by a flow fire, in a kind of kiln, or clofe place, otherwife when it is burnt in the open air by a ftrong fire, great quantities of the afhes are confumed in moak, by the faline and terrestrial parts being carried up in fumes before they are feparated from the exhalable parts by the action of the fire;D for the difference between burning wood in a close place, and burning it in the open air is fo great, that it has been found by experience the quantity of ashes obtained from the former are more than double the quantity produced from the latter. The wood being thus burnt into afhes, they must be well fifted thro' two fieves, one finer than the other. The fifted ahes must be taken and put into tight fquare brick troughs, or wooden backs, twenty or thirty in number, about four foot deep, covered with water, and well marfhed or incorporated, where they muft lay four or five months, E THE HE fea-fcurvy generally begins with an unufual oppreffion and weariness, a difficult refpiration, and different-coloured fpots difperfed over the whole body, efpecially the legs and arms. Thefe fymptoms increafing, by degrees are attended with a low unequal pulfe, lixivial urine, a pale-brown or livid complexion, a weakness and fwelling, or sometimes wafting of the legs, a difficulty in walking, acute tranfient pains, frequent bleedings at the nofe, ftinking breath, putrid gums, loofe teeth, ill conditioned ulcers, and rotten bones. Its virulence has been fo great as to force open wounds which had been healed for many years; and to diffolve the callus of a broken bone.. It fometimes occafions fudden death, especially on any exertion of strength, or on any hafty motion. In the last stage, which is contagious, it produces horrors of imagination, trembling; fainting, con-1 vulfive, epileptick fits; weaknefs of that they may thoroughly diffolve, and F memory and reafon, lethargies, palfies, attain their due ftrength. Care should be taken that they are not wetted with spring water, much lefs with what is brackish, the proper water for the purpose being foft river or rain water. Warm open weather is the only time for making Pot-Ashes in. Two or three furnaces must be made of brick, after the manner of bakers ovens, but much larger; the mouth of the furnace must be very large, and three or four holes towards the top of the furnace, to make it draw, which may be stopped, apoplexies; purple, livid, and black fpots; violent effufions of blood from every internal and external part of the body; putrid fevers, heick, continued,. and intermittent; exquifite rheumatick pains, pleurifies, the jaundice, obftinate coftivenefs, colicks, vomitings, diarrhoeas, Gdyfenteries, mortifications. The immediate caufe of the fourvy is a ftate of humours far advanced towards putrefaction in the firft ftage, and quite putrid in the laft, which therefore, is for the most part fatal. A 352 A DESCRIPTION of YORKSHIRE. Aug. A ftrong difpofition in the fluids to corrupt, or a real corruption of them, which feems to be the effence of this 'diforder, may proceed, firft, from Uncleanliness, in the fhip and in her company. The fhip is unclean when her bilge water is fuffered to ftink*, or her decks are not well fcraped and washed; A or when fresh air is not often conveyed to her dark holes and receffes; or when many putrid effluvia ftream from nuifances on board her, fuch as corrupted food, foul ulcers, fick men, dead bodies, and the ordure of animals. Her companyis unclean when they neglect airing their bed cloaths, or changing their linen, or fweetning their perfons. .]. [The rest of this EXTRACT in our next. A DESCRIPTION of YORKSHIRE, with a GENERAL MAP of the whole County. (See the particular MAPS of the Eaft, Weft and North Ridings in our Magazine for 1749.) delightful forefts; and if fome be moorish, miry and unpleasant, others are as fine and agreeable as the eye can with. It in general abounds with cattle, fish and fowl, and is remarkable for a breed of fine horfes, great flocks of goats and coals. It is famous for medicinal waters, fheep, and mines of lead, copper and particularly at Scarborough, and has abundance of jet, allum, lime-ftone, li quorice, &c. Their principal manufac ture is coarfe cloth; next to which Rippon fpurs, Sheffield blades, and Sherborn This very pins, are of 'efpecial note. large county, for the more eafy manageB ment of its civil government, is divided into three parts, called Ridings, viz. the Eaft-Riding, the Weft-Riding, and the North-Riding, each of which might make a county of itself. The north and weft fides of the EaftRiding are bounded by the winding courfe of the Derwent, the fouth by the. YORKSHIRE is of larger extent C Humber, and the caft by the German D E than any two counties in England joined together. It is equal to the dukedom of Wirtemburg in Germany, and contains more ground than all the feven United Provinces. It is go miles long, 80 broad, 360 in circumference, and contains about 3,770,000 acres. As to its boundaries, it has Lancashire and Westmoreland on the weft, part of Weftmore. land and the bishoprick of Durham on the north, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire on the fouth, and the fea or.. German ocean on the east; and the fouthweft part just touches upon Cheshire. It is divided into 28 hundreds, has 563 pa-. rithes, and 49 market-towns, and fends 30 members to parliament, viz. two for the County, who in the prefent parliament are lord viscount Downe and Sir Conyers D'Arcy, knight of the Bath, two for the city of York, and 26 for 13 boroughs, each fending two. No county furpaffes this for ftately and convenient feats of the nobility and gentry, nor does any go, beyond it in giving titles of honour. Its chief rivers are the Tees, Swale, Warfe, Ure, Oufe, Derwent, Calder, and Dun; most of which by their confluence form that great æftuary or river, called the Humber, which feparates this county from Lincolnshire. It is generally bleffed with a wholesome and temperate air, but it must be fuppofed, that in a county of fo large extent the foil must be various: And this G indeed is the cafe, for if one part be ftony, mountainous, fandy and barren, another is richly adorned with corn fields and paftures; if fome places be naked and deftitute of woods, others are thaded with F part, that towards the Derwent, is pretty fruitful, but the middle, called Yorkfwould, is nothing but a heap of mountains. In this divifion are three boroughs which fend members to parliament, viz. Beverley, Hull or Kingston upon Hull, and Headon or Heydon. See a particular account of this Riding in our Mag. for 1749, with the The Weft-Riding, which is the most confiderable, is bounded by the Oufe, by Lancashire, and by the fouthern limits of the county, and lies towards the fouth and weft. In this divifion are the city of York, and five boroughs that fend members to parliament, viz. Knaresborough, Aldborough, Boroughbridge, Rippon, and Pontefract or Pomfret; betides Sheffield, Wakefield, Hallifax, Leeds, and many ather noted towns. See the particular defcription of this Riding, with its MAP,. in our Mag. of the fame year, p. 346, 347, 348. The North-Riding, a few miles above Flamborough Head, extends itself in a long and narrow tract for 60 miles, as far as Weftmoreland to the weft, being bounded on one fide partly by the Der-, went, feparating it from the East Riding, and partly by the Oufe and Ure, dividing it from the Weft-Riding; and on the other fide by the Tees, which parts it from the bishoprick of Durham to the north, There are five boroughs in this divifion, viz. Scarborough, Malton, Thirfke, Northallerton, and Richmond., See its defcription, with the MAP of it, in our faid Mag. for 1749, p. 395, 396. JOUR *Sea water putrefies so easily by ftagnation, that avere it not for the moving of the fea by the force of winds, rides and currents, it would corrupt all the world. |