they be applied to the cost of operating the system and to reimbursing the United States for the outlay necessary to provide the Indians with implements, live stock, etc.; nor does the board contemplate that such an arrangement shall continue beyond the time when the Indians are competent to conduct their farming operations in the intensive manner required to produce a return on the original investment. 215. From the above remarks, it appears that a project which is financially advisable for white agriculturists may not be so for Indians. It is true that the Indian will improve; but as the evolution of the race will be a slow process, it will be necessary for the United States to continue the close supervision until the ability of the Indian as a farmer is sufficiently well established to warrant the making of permanent allotments of the irrigated land. In the meantime, as above outlined, the surplus irrigated land over that well cultivated by the Indians should be leased to white farmers or otherwise farmed under the direction of the Indian Bureau. Only under this or some other plan whereby beneficial use may be made of all the water is the board convinced of the desirability of the San Carlos project for the benefit of the Indians. 216. The irrigation facilities provided under this project will excel any ever before enjoyed by the Indians, and to that extent the project might seem a gratuity to the Indians. But in dealing with this question it is not more important to right the wrong of the past than to provide for the future advancement of this tribe. There is no other way to effect a satisfactory and permanent solution of the longstanding Pima question. RECOMMENDATIONS. 217. The board recommends (a) That the San Carlos irrigation project, as described in this report, be adopted and carried out by the United States, provided it shall appear, either as the result of an adjudication or of competent legal opinion, as Congress may elect, that the legally available water supply is sufficiently close to that assumed in this report to make the cost of the project not more than $75 per acre. (b) That suit for an adjudication of water rights along the Gila River be immediately brought in the United States district court (the United States being a party to the suit) and that every other step be taken which will hasten an early adjudication. (c) That such executive and legal steps be taken as may be necessary to prevent the vesting of any water rights in addition to those, if any, now existing. (d) That in case the project is not undertaken until after an adjudication, a diversion dam on the reservation (par. 171) be constructed to improve irrigation conditions on the Pima Reservation. W. C. LANGFITT, Colonel, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Senior Member. C. H. MCKINSTRY, Lieutenant Colonel, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Member and Executive Officer. H. BURGESS, Major, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, 31679°-H. Doc. 791, 63-2- -5 Member. APPENDIX A. REPORTS, ETC., CONSULTED. 1. In addition to the reports, etc., mentioned in the board's report, the following were consulted: Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, United States Geological Survey, especially Water-Supply Paper No. 33. Annual Reports of United States Geological Survey (certain). Annual Reports of United States Reclamation Service. Reports of various hearings before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate. Reports of various hearings before the Committee on Indian Affairs, and other committees, United States House of Representatives. Conserving the Rights of the Pima Indians, Arizona. House Document 521, Sixtysecond Congress second session. Specifications of United States Reclamation Service for the construction of certain dams. Various articles in Transactions American Society of Civil Engineers, and other engineering publications. Resources of Pinal County, Ariz. Prepared for the Special Senate Committee on Arid Lands. Pinal County's Chain of Great Wealth-Producing Resources. Special illustrated edition of the Arizona Blade-Tribune, 1903. Decision in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Arizona, Montezuma Canal Co. v Smithville Canal Co. et al. Decision and Decree in the District Court, Maricopa County, Ariz., Patrick T. Hurley v. Charles F. Abbott et al. Irrigation Investigations in California. Senate Document No. 356, Fifty-seventh Congress, first session. Underground Waters of Salt River Valley, W. T. Lee, Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 136, United States Geological Survey. Bulletin No. 31. Bulletin No. 41. Bulletin No. 48. Bulletin No. 53. Bulletin No. 63. Iowa State College of Agriculture. 1913. Irrigating Sediments and their Effects upon Crops. Twenty-third Annual Report, University of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Principles of Water Analysis. Bulletin No. 34. Composition of Some New Mexico Waters. Bulletin No. 83. New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Agricultural Experiment Station. Report in the matter of the investigation of the Salt and Gila Rivers, Reservations and Reclamation Service. House Calendar No. 390. Sixty-second Congress, third session. Irrigation in Imperial Valley, Cal. Senate Document No. 246, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Irrigation in Arizona, by R. H. Forbes. Bulletin 235. United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Station. Irrigation near Phoenix, Ariz. Arthur P. Davis. 1897. Water-Supply Paper No. 2, United States Geological Survey. Water Storage on Salt River, Ariz. Arthur P. Davis. 1902. Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper, No. 73. United States Geological Survey. The Underground Waters of Gila Valley, Ariz. W. T. Lee. 1904. Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 104. United States Geological Survey. Irrigation Conditions, San Carlos Indian Reservation. Report by J. W. Martin, Superintendent of Irrigation. 1909. NOTE. Certain unpublished reports and letters not listed above were consulted. APPENDIX B. BOX CANYON AND DAM SITES. 1. At the west end of the San Carlos Valley, constituting the reservoir site, an upheaval has occurred, faulting obliquely across the river's course a half mile above the dam site and exposing the rock stratification to heights of a thousand feet for long distances to either side of the river. Through the first ridge the first installment of the box canyon extends in a southerly direction, exposing again the stratification on either side, showing their dip to be downstream and a little to the right. The rock at the beginning of the canyon is therefore oldest, being that which before the upheaval was lowest. It is a red granitic rock badly crushed. 2. Continuing down river, the next rock exposed, formerly overlying the granitic rock, is a hard shale dipping about 45° downstream. This shale has been compressed and baked to a degree that it will not disintegrate much, if at all, on exposure. Next comes a small amount of argillaceous sandstone, which at this place shows good endurance. Now the river turns to the left and the rock on both sides is quartzitic sandstone shading into quartzite, which steepens the walls and narrows the canyon, making the first gorge, which is at line marked "K" on the survey plat. This gorge is shown in photographs, plates 2, 3, and 6. Between line K and line G, 300 feet upstream, is the general location selected by the board to be explored in 1913 for a dam site. In this vicinity the dip of the strata is downstream and a little to the right, and its amount lessens progressively from about 45° next the shale upstream to about 30° at the gorge. Following up the canyon side on, say, line H, the rock continues quartzitic to a height of about 180 feet on the right side and higher on the other, above which the character changes to calcareous sandstone; thence lime shale, which has disintegrated more, making the slope flatter and covering it with débris; thence, at elevation of about 300 feet, limestone, more massive and of better quality, forming a nearly vertical wall of considerable height. 3. Above the gorge, on the left side, some distance above line G, a fault is visible. Where exposed near "a" there is absence of loose broken rock, and the joint is very narrow and completely and tightly filled with indurated material. Pits sunk through talus at lower elevations at points marked "b," "c," and "d" reveal the same satisfactory condition. This fault is not in evidence on the opposite side of the canyon, unless it be by a slight contortion of strata seen at a high level. It therefore would not be to any degree a menace to the reservoir, nor to a dam built in the location proposed. 4. Downstream from the gorge about 100 feet below line K is another fault crossing the canyon obliquely, as marked on the plat, which, on the right slope, indicates a relative displacement there of |