ENGLISH HISTORY

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ERRATA IN THIS EDITION.

PAGE 21. The passage commencing (line 13) "the ancient Britons," &c., to be transferred to page 24.

68.-In third line from foot, for "hundred " read "thousand."

80.-In some portion of the impression, a passage in reference to Raffaelle, Leonardo da Vinci, Correggio, and Titian, has been placed here incorrectly,—it applies to the close of the reign of Henry VII. See page 137.

164.-For "uisance" read "nuisance."

236.-Sixth line from foot, for "father's" read "brother's."

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UESTIONS on ENGLISH HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.—

QUESTIONS

By JAMES GILBERT.

ANALYSIS OF

THE PRINCIPAL CONTENTS.

Introductory Remarks.-In reference to Britain previous to the arrival

of Julius Cæsar, pages xii. to xvi.

The Roman Period. The arrival of Julius Cæsar, his reception, page 17:

Tacitus, Claudius, Caractacus, Boadicea gives battle to Nero, 18:. Ves-

pasian, Titus, Agricola, Hadrian, Ptolemy, Severus, 19: the Picts' Wall,

York, Constantine the Great, St. Alban, departure of the Romans ;

manners of the natives, religion, 20: Christianity, Lucius, Dover, and

Canterbury, 21: roads, dwellings, language, agriculture, 22-3: minerals,

civilization, Saxons, 23: Hengist and Horsa, 24.

The Heptarchy. The venerable Bede, St. Cuthbert, page 24: Knights of

the Round Table, Ethelbert, St. Augustine, 25: Sebert, Paulinus, Egbert,

Ethelwulph, 26: St. Swithin, Ethelbald, Ethelred, Columba, Wilfred, 27:

Gildas, Biscop, Ceolfrith, Cædman, St. Adhelm, Bede, Alcuin, Charlemagne,

28: Alfred the Great, his early life and career, 29; battles with the

Danes, he instructs his subjects, builds a navy, 30; naval battle, his death

and character, 31: Edward the Elder, Athelstan, alliance with France, the

Bible, Guy earl of Warwick, 32: Edmund I., Edred, St. Dunstan, Edwy,

Edgar, his navy, 33: Edward II., Ethelred II., land-tax, the Danes,

Sweyn, Canute, Edmund II., 34: Canute the Great at Southampton,

Harold I., Hardicanute, earl Godwin, Edward the Confessor, Westminster,

Macbeth, 36: Harold II., slain near Hastings by William of Normanby;

religion, government, trials, 37: divisions of the people, heiresses, learning

and literature, the clergy, agriculture, buildings, 38: lanterns, glass,

architecture, harp; the races, British, Roman, Saxon, Danish, and Nor-

man; Asser, Oxford, 39.

Norman Line. WILLIAM I.-His difficulties, curfew-bell, the Tower

and Cinque-ports, New-forest, Domesday-book, page 41: scene at his

death, character, 40: names of note, 42. WILLIAM II.-Wars, 42-3:

first Crusade, Westminster Hall, 43: agriculture, Bayeux tapestry, Good-

win Sands, names of note, 44: death and character, 42 & 52. HENRY I.

-His brother Robert, 45: charter of liberties, his wealth, shipwreck of

his son, Knights Templars, coinage, weights and measures, woollen stuffs,

46: surnames, names of note, 47: his marriage and death, 45. STEPHEN.

-War with Scotland, castles and religious institutions, fire in London, 48:

confiscation of ships, Theobald and Adrian, education of ladies, Canterbury

and York, names of note, 49: death and character, 47: agriculture,

ecclesiastical architecture, 50: commerce, coinage, meals, feudal system,

chivalry, 51.

Plantagenet Line. HENRY II.-Wars in Ireland, Wales, and Scot-

land, page 53 dispute with Thomas à Becket, the parents of the arch-
bishop, 54 Council of Clarendon, Becket banished, the king meets him

in France, 55: Becket is murdered, the king visits his tomb, 56: com-

ments on the dispute, pilgrimages, Rosamond Clifford, London Bridge,

the six circuits, 57: abbeys and priories, Knights Templars, names of

note, 58: death and character, 53. RICHARD I.-War in the East,

the Jews, the Crusades, 59: the king in prison, is ransomed, crests, names

of note, 60: death and character, 58: JOHN-War with France, kills

Arthur, investure of bishops, 61-2: Magna Charta, 62: London Bridge,

first lord mayor, chimneys, the Jews, names of note, hats, 63: death and

character, 61. HENRY III.—Magnificent marriage, war with France,

with his barons, 64: first house of Commons, friar Roger Bacon, domestic

improvements, 65: mariners' compass, gold coin, commerce of London,

Westminster Abbey, names of note, 66: death and character, 64.

EDWARD I.-War with Wales, its annexation, Scotland, Bruce and

Wallace, 67: Welsh bards, the last Crusade, social and legal improve-

ments, Carnarvon, the Jews, 68: addition to Magna Charta, Lombard

merchants, woollen, linen, and silks, 69: names of note, 70: death and

character, 67. EDWARD II.—Scotland, Gaveston, Hugh de Spenser,

the king abdicates, house of Commons, the Lollards, bills of exchange,

Knights Templars, 71: famine, names of note, 72: death and character,

70. EDWARD III.-War with Scotland, naval engagement with

France, battles of Cressy and Poictiers, 73: the French king a prisoner

in England, comment on these wars, political features, Calais, 74: the

king's mother, gunpowder and guns, Order of the Garter, Windsor, 75:

pestilences, weaving cloth, St. Stephen's Chapel, parliament, prince of

Wales and duke of Cornwall, Chaucer and Canterbury, names of note,

issue, 72. RICHARD II.-Triumphant entry, war with Scotland, poll-

tax, Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, 77: sir William Walworth, single

combat, sumptuous living of the king in England and Ireland, 78:

surrenders the throne to Henry of Lancaster, barons by patent, Richard's

will, sanatory act, first navigation act, 79: bulls from Rome, cards,

William of Wykeham, Wycliffe, names of note, mysterious death,

character, 77: name of Plantagenet, Robin Hood, Little John, legend

about king John, cards, 81: dress, prince of Wales' feathers, Philippa

extends commerce, 82: Froissart, manners, general knowledge, science,

friar Bacon, 83-4: John of Peckham, John Cornwall, education, 84:

cathedrals, medicine, gardening and agriculture, poetry, fine arts, amuse-

ments, language, 85: Mr. Tytler on the death of Richard II., 86.

war

House of Lancaster. HENRY IV.-Accession, descent, page 87:

with Scotland, the Percies of Northumberland, Owen Glendower, Hotspur,

88: Welshmen, archbishop Scrope, earl of Nottingham, 89: Lollards,

judge Gascoigne, Order of the Bath, cannon, Robert III. of Scotland,

house of Commons, 90: names of note, scene at the king's death, 88.

HENRY V.—War with France, pay to the army, its progress, Harfleur,

the dauphin, council, 92: Agincourt, 93: the battle, the king's humanity,

the results, 94: returns to England, leaves again for France, Troyes, sir

John Oldcastle, accidental coincidences, 95: religious persecutions,

Wycliffe, Huss, shirts, candies, crown jewels, Guildhall, the nobility,

96: furniture, the Great Harry, navy, revenue, the church, Calais, Paris,

97: travelling parliaments, 97-8: sir R. Whittington, his wealth and

munificence, John Carpenter, 99: names of note, 100: death at Vin-
cennes, 91: social and commercial life in the cities and towns, its amusing
and instructive characteristics, viz.:--

Our knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome, the City of London, houses and shops,

100 freeholds, rents, fire, charcoal, wages, streets and City gates, social science, the

'liquid Thames,' scavengers, dogs, water, 101: masks, arms, hours for rest,

Geoffrey Chaucer, the river and water courses, Southwark, Gravesend, bathing,

conduits, inundations, police, goldsmiths, vehicles, hostelers and lodging-house

keepers, 102: cookhouses, charges, brewers and taverners, ales and wines, bread-

bakers, corn-dealers, bakers' dozen, cooks, pie-bakers, 103: flour-mills, fishmongers

and fish, purity of the river, butchers and meat, prices, poulterers and poultry, mar-

ket regulations, 104: food and miscellaneous articles, clothing, clothiers, furriers,

tailors, their prices, leather, shoes, 105: caps and hats, passengers, old clothes,

imports and exports, merchants, markets, elephant, offences, punishments, prisons,

106: pillory, fraudulent tradesmen, lies and scandal, forging charters and deeds,

'breaches of the peace,' markets and consumption, 107.

II2.

HENRY VI.-York and Lancaster wars, 108-9: Joan of Arc, 109-10:

Jack Cade, duke of Orleans, houses of parliament, 110-11: wood engraving,

hats, feather beds, national debt, income-tax, salaries of judges, revenue, ap-

parel, first corn-law, 111: names of note, 112: his death and character,

107. EDWARD IV.-Marries a subject, 112: public opinion, York and

Lancaster wars concluded, queen Margaret, 113: Henry shut up in

the Tower, Warwick the king-maker, 114: power and wealth of War-

wick, the duke of Clarence, tyranny of the king, Jane Shore, 115: the

coinage, 115-16: plague, consuls, 116: William Caxton, printing,

literature and books, 116-19: names of note, 119: death and character,

EDWARD V.-Short reign, his education, 119: Richard duke of

Gloucester aims at the crown, rival factions, 120: the king's entry into

London, the duke of Buckingham and the lord mayor offer the crown to

Richard; he pretends to refuse, then accepts it, 121: murder of Edward

and his brother, 120: Thomas Parr, sports, books and orthography,

names of note, 122. RICHARD III.-Ascends the throne, coronation

ceremony, 122-3: his queen is murdered, 123: supposed son, wars, 124:

battle of Bosworth and death of Richard, his bedstead, death of Bucking-

ham, 125: Richard passed good laws, which were the first expressed in

English, post-stages, Heralds' College, importation of books, names of

note, 126: Richard's bones and crown, 123: the state of the consti-

tution, in king, lords, and commons, 127-28: hours of meals, Gower,

Chaucer and education, architecture, 128: ruins, painting, music, agricul-

ture, military science, provisions, 129.

House of Tudor.-HENRY VII.-His characteristics, pages 129-30:

Simnel, Perkin Warbeck, 131: Flanders, Empson and Dudley, king's
household expenses and riches, revenue, 132: earl of Warwick, St.
George and the Dragon, weights, health, feasting, buffetiers, commerce,
discovery of America, 133: Columbus, Cabot, commerce, plate, industry,
Star Chamber, 134: maps, needle-work, navy, agriculture, the church,
architecture, 135: Wolsey, fines on the nobility, 136: plague, Ireland,

embassies, names of note, 137: death, character, 130-1. HENRY VIII.

-Coronation oath, 142: his prospects, six queens-Catherine of Arragon,

138; Anne Boleyn, 139; Jane Seymour, 140; Anne of Cleves, 141;

Catherine Howard, 141; Catherine Parr, 142: wars, 143: Field of the

Cloth of Gold, 144: cardinal Wolsey, his power, disgrace, and death,

conduct of the king, character of the two, 146: duke of Buckingham,

Martin Luther, 147-8: the king attacks Luther, the Reformation, the wealth

of the church, 149: monasteries and other religious institutions destroyed

and their riches appropriated, 150-1: religious persecution, 151-2-3: the

succession changed, Thomas Cromwell, 152: sir T. More, earl of Surrey,

bishop Fisher, 153: duke of Norfolk, violation of Magna Charta, ably

served, 154: enclosure of lands, Fountain's Abbey and the monks, 155: