In examining this table, we find by far the greater number of deaths caused by diseases of the digestive and respiratory organs. The mortality from the former class has been very great since 1848, which was the year that the cholera first made its appearance in our midst. The mortality denoted by the class monoxysmal was chiefly from scarlet fever in 1848 and 1849, and was a wide-spread and fatal disease. The colored population exceed the whites in longevity. The number of blacks dying from old age is nearly double that of the whites. Many of these instances of longevity are among the slaves owned by our Creole population. They seem to be almost entirely exempt from the attacks of yellow and bilious fevers. Their imprudent habits and constant exposure, however, render them peculiarly susceptible to attacks of cholera and its kindred affections. (Fenner's Southern Medical Reports.) 5. THE SOUTH AND THE NORTH. The returns of the census, says the Southern Press, are vindicating the institutions of the South in the most triumphant manner. The following are a few items concerning Georgia: $499,050 53 ... 9,099 Number of deaths for the year preceding 1st June, 1850.......... The mortality of the whole population in 1849-50, was one in 91 1-2. The white population of Georgia is about one-sixth of that of the State of NewYork. Yet Georgia has nearly half the property. Hence a white person in Georgia is on an average nearly three times as rich as one in New-York. Even if slaves are excluded from the property of Georgia, she is wealthier in proportion to white population than New-York. And then the health of Georgia is vastly superior. Out of a total population of 908,711, the deaths in a single year were 9.099. In the single city of New-York, with about half that population, they were about 18,000, or nearly double. Hence the average mortality of the city of New-York is four times as great as that of the state of Georgia. The taxation of Georgia, state and county, is about half a million-that of NewYork exceeds seven millions. Hence the taxation of Georgia, compared to that of New-York on the basis of population, is less than one-fourth, on the white basis is less than one-half-on the property basis is less than one-sixth! Yet with this overwhelming evidence of the superior, social, political and financial condition of Georgia, she is excluded by New-York from a common territory, as immoral and unthrifty, and-subunits! 6. THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND NEGRO CIVILIZATION. A writer in the New-York Journal of Commerce furnishes the following interesting and important information, in relation to the Republic of St. Domingo, in the island of Hayti: "The island of St. Domingo formerly belonged, the eastern part to Spain, the western part to France. Under a low system of morality, a considerable population of free people of color hed sprung up in the French part of the island when the French revolution began. One of the early results of that revolution was the decree of the Constituent Assembly of France, of the 15th May, 1791, declaring that men of mixed blood, of all shades, born of free persons, should be admissible to the colonial assemblies. This admission of free people of color to a political equality with themselves, was resi ted by the white inhabitants, who, rather than submit thereto, made proposals to Sir Adam Williamson, then Governor of The people of color, who united with and encouraged the blacks in these atrocities, have since met with their merited punishment in the oppression, banishment, and massacre of which they have in turn become the victims. It is a great error, into which many have fallen, to suppose that the inhabitants of the eastern or Spanish part of the island, had any part in these scenes of vice and crime, and which have rendered infamous the very name of that beautiful island. Those excesses were confined entirely to the French part. The Spanish part of the island remained undisturbed, and, until 1821, in quiet submission to Spain, of whose colonies it was, in climate, soil and mineral productions, perhaps the most valuable, though most neglected. Overlooked and neglected by the cabinet at Madrid, and their only source of prosperity, their commerce with the other Spanish American colonies, being cut off by the revolt of those colonies, in December, 1821, the Dominicans declared their independence of Spain, and, hoisting the Colombian flag, sent commissioners to ask admission as one of the states of the Colombian Republic. That Republic was at that time too much engaged in the organization of its own government and affairs at home, to attend to the application of the Dominicans. Spain, engaged with her other colonies, left the Dominican revolutionists to themselves. Boyer, then President of Hayti, under pretence of marching to their assistance, took possession of the country. The Dominicans, few in number and unprepared for resistance, were compelled to submit, and found that they exchanged the neglect and the restrictive commercial policy of Spain, for the far more oppressive tyranny of the blacks. Under this yoke they suffered till 1843. In that year, driven by desperation, a few persons, not over a hundred, rose in the night and took possession of the principal gates of the city of St. Domingo. By the influence of some of the foreign resi dents whose sympathies were with them, and who went between them and the Haytien garrison in the citadel, exaggerating their numbers and strength, the garrison was induced to surrender before morning came to disclose the weakness of As fast as the unexpected news spread through the country, the the movement. Dominicans flocked to the standard of independence, drove out the Haytieus, and established a republican form of government. The Dominican Republic contains from 150,000 to 200,000 souls. The Haytiens number from 800,000 to 1,000,000. The latter admit no white person to hold any real estate, or enjoy any of the privileges of a citizen. The former is essentially a white government, with about the same intermixture of other blood as in the Spanish Main and Brazil. The government always has been, and still is, in the hands of the whites. The immigration of blacks is prohibited, and white colonists are invited by grants of lands, the government paying their expenses and subsistence till established in their new homes. The Dominicans have made repeated applications to the United States to interfere, to put an end to the invasions of the blacks. Learning that such an application had been made, the English, to anticipate the tardy action of our slowermoving government, proffered their mediation. The Dominicans, suspicions of the nerophily of England, hesitated to accept the offer, lest their doing so might afford a pretext for Eaglish influence to compel them to submit to the black Emperor Soulouque. The offer was therefore accepted only on the condition that the United States and France should join in the mediation. "Amis des noirs," was established about the The celebrated society of the commencement of the French revolution, for the purpose of ameliorating the condition of the black population in the West Indies. Its leading members were Brissot, Petion, Mirabeau, Claviere, Condorcet, and most distinguished of all, the Abbe Gregoire. To their misdirected zeal may be attributed all the crimes and horrors which have desolated the island of Santo Mingo, reduced its inhabitants MEMPHIS-HER GROWTH AND PROSPECTS. to a condition of slavery far worse than that which it was proposed to improve, and plunged them again into barbarism and idolatry.* This society still exists in Paris, largely increased in numbers and influence. and acts in concert with the abolition societies of Great Britain and the United States. Adopting their views of humanity-that it is much better that the Haytiens should have undisputed possession of the whole, than that the island should be divided between two constantly conflicting governments, England and France have been for some time endeavoring to procure the submission of the Dominicans to Soulouque. We have recently been informed that this view of the subject has also been adopted by the Government of the United States, and that a special agent is about to sail in the Saranac to unite with the French and English agents to accomplish this object. If these rumors be true, and the Dominican Republic should thus be fused down into a province of the Haytien Empire, past experience plainly points out what will be the unhappy fate of its white inhabitants. 7.-MEMPHIS.-HER GROWTH AND PROSPECTS. A correspondent of the Nashville Union, writing from this place, gives the following glowing, though truthful picture, of the rapid growth, business and prosperity, of this young and thriving city: MY DEAR SIR-As I am detained here a few hours, I have devoted four of them to looking about this wonderfully progressing city, and the balance of the fifth I will employ in giving you a brief result of my observations. What I am about to say will be in praise; and I know, like a beautiful belle, your Nashville can afford to hear and endure the praises of a rival. It is only the inferior that turns up the pretty nose when the attractions of another are spoken of with approbation. With this introduction, I will commence my letter by saying that Memphis is one of the most flourishing cities in the western valley. stopped at this place, I went up into the town, and found a short street of one When, in 1830, I first story wooden buildings facing the river, two or three short cross streets running back a hundred yards, on which were some score or two of shanties, chiefly occupied as gaming houses, drinkeries, lawyers, doctors, and constables' offices. There was not a good building in the place; and not five hundred people, black, white, and yellow, if one might judge by the appearance of things. But Memphis now begins to deserve, with more propriety, the proud name of Egypt's capitol that she has taken to herself. in descending the river, we saw it crowding the alluvian bluff, stretching away Nearly a league before arriving at the city, north and south for a mile and a half, presenting an imposing front of lofty brick warehouses and stores to the eye, with a stately towering above the roofs of cupolas, domes, and steeples. The whole coup d'ail was striking, and impressed the mind with a sense of commercial dignity. Upon landing, we found that scores of men were at work cutting away a cliff of earth, and forming a noble glacis in front of the town, which, when completed, will not be equalled in the West. The bustle upon the landing reminded me of some of the busiest portions of the levee in New-Orleans; but on reaching the broad esplanade that extends the whole length of the city front, six hundred feet wide, and seeing it covered with countless wagons as far as the eye could reach, loading and unloading cotton and merchandise, I stood still with amazement to contemplate so novel a scene. all its peculiar features. It seemed as if every wagon in the country for fifty It was a sight such as I never beheld before in miles around was in Memphis; and when I walked up the side walk in front of the stores, one would easily have believed that every stout yeoman, every whig and democrat who ever wore linsey-woolsey, and made four bales of cotton, was in town. For nearly a mile the crowd was as dense as that on the New-Orleans levees and streets, and every store seemed to be crowded with customers and overrun with business. I was perfectly taken by surprise at the signs of improvement and stable prosperity which I beheld. There were numerous well built Many of the blacks of Hayti have lapsed into idolatry, worshipping serpents and other Fetishes. cross streets, and noble streets a mile long, running parallel with the Esplanade street; and the public buildings were of a character commensurate with the present and growing greatness of the city. On extending my walk in the streets where the residences are, I was struck with their air of style and opulence, and great taste. Architecture seemed to have been studied by the Memphians. Some of their private residences are not surpassed in New Orleans. On the whole, I was highly gratified with my tour of the city, and I must say that it bids fair to eclipse its present self, and ere long to hold a first rank with St. Louis or New-Orleans. The very men of business one sees all have that New-York step, eye, and the mercantile "cut of the jib," which marks a larger city. I saw no idlers, no young men lounging at the corners with nothing to do; but all was driving and animating. When you get your rail-road to Memphis, and to Louisville, to Charleston, and to the mouth of the Ohio, and turn your dead capital into the manufacturing channel, your city will march on side by side with Memphis. Her superiority to you is in her ever navigable river. Your rail-roads are to be ever navigable rivers to you. By means of them you can advance in wealth and importance, till Tennessee shall boast two of the noblest cities in the great West. The Cumberland cannot be depended upon. It has got to be as fickle as a weathercock. If it were thoroughly dry, a rail-road, as I need not tell you, run along its bed, would be of more benefit to your city than even if it kept full the whole season. Bat, if I praise Memphis for its prosperity, I must express my surprise at the wretched condition of its streets. I never saw anything to come up to their horrid state. The story of the traveller's head being seen above ground, but who experienced no apprehensions of danger," as he had a horse under him," might have been laid here. Mud, muddier, muddiest! might be the first lesson in grammar taught the urchins with great propriety. In all my four hours' loiter about the town, I did not see five ladies, though the day was fine, and the air mild as May. The fact is, the ladies can't walk out here.-Where is the gallantry of that most gallant corps of cavaliers, the Memphian chivalry? Touching the neatness and walkable condition of the streets, Nashville takes the palm from Memphis. Your ladies, therefore, fill the streets like butterflies in green lanes of a May morning; and therefore it is that strangers, who can never see the ladies of Memphis, always go away from Nashville, carrying to the ends of the earth the report of the beauty of its females. Yours truly, E. F. 8.-INDUCEMENTS TO SETTLE OR TO INVEST CAPITAL IN TEXAS. Texas being now the El Dorado of the Union, to which all eyes are turned, we feel it a duty to give our readers the benefit of all the information in regard to it which we can lay our hands upon. The paper we published in our Juue number has been read everywhere, with enthusiasm. We extract, at present, from the Western Texan : A deep sense of our obligation to contribute our mite to the advancement of the permanent interests of our favored state, will impel us to devote our columns in several succeeding numbers to an examination of both aspects of this important subject. The considerations which would lead the immigrant to fix his abode in our midst, would make it the interest, in many respects, of the capitalist to invest his funds, and both will exercise a reciprocal influence on the prosperity of each other, and upon the welfare of the state. Thus the actual settler, adding by his labor to the value of his land, and to the wealth of the country, will advance the interest of the capitalist in every enterprise, but especially in that vested in the soil. On the other hand, the facilities for the employment of labor, and the advance in the price of land, created by the means of the capitalist, reacts to the advantage of the settler. There is an appositeness, therefore, in considering both aspects of this subject together. The field we propose to travel over, in dwelling upon the inducements which Texas holds out to the settler and the capitalist, is so extensive that we cannot hope to occupy it in a few brief essays, and must therefore content ourselves with only touching upon the leading points of the case. In the first place, Texas possesses eminent advantages in the extent of her ter ritory. We have no certain data upon which to base an estimate of the superfi cies in our limits; but we extend from the upper Red river to the Rio Grande, and from the Sabine to New Mexico, with an area of something over two han dred thousand square miles, equal to four of the largest of the old states posing the prosperity of the state, and the necessity for the means to fulfil the national faith, may require Texas to surrender to the United States the permanent Supor temporary possession of the northwesteru section, as a separate territory for the Indians, (a proposition we shall advocate in a future essay,) we shall, nevertheless, have more than double the amount of any other state. influence of being the " calculated to gratify the pride or the ultimate destiny of the capitalist or settler, Empire State of the South," in relation to territory, is So far then, as the Texas presents such inducements. We know what New-York gains in all public movements, if not in all public enterprises, by claiming and receiving the character of the "Empire State." In the same proportion, if not in a greater, Texas may hope to be the leading, as she was once the "Lone Star" of the South. a member of the National Confederacy, she will exercise the influence which will secure to her the rights and the patronage that all the large states have heretofore enjoyed; and if the extent of her territory may not inspire a laudable pride, she will still stand out in the history of the age, as covering all the ground claimed prior to the Florida treaty in 1819, as the southwestern limits of Louisiana, and thus be entitled to the glory of having reclaimed by her valor and enterprise what had been necessarily yielded of the rich treasure acquired for the great valley in the treaty of 1803, by the sagacious statesmanship of Jefferson and Monroe. As In the second place, Texas offers eminent inducements in her climate. No consideration is, perhaps, more important to those seeking a country suitable for residence or enterprise than the character of its climate. Health is the first, and comfort the next great object in selecting a permanent abode. Tested by these qualities, Texas presents prominent inducements. Along the coast, wherever the position is free from stagnant fresh water, the most uninterrupted health prevails; and in the high table lands, commencing one hundred miles from the Gulf, and extending to the sources of the Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, Guadalupe, San Antonio, Leona, Perdinalles, San Saba, and Concho, the climate is as balmy and delicious as an altitude of five thousand feet from the sea gives in every district of the tropical region. The latitude, reaching from the 26th to the 34th degree, guaranties mild winters; and the altitude from the sea, as well as the cooling breeze from the Rocky Mountains, secures comfort and a moderate temperature during the summers. The delightful character of the climate is indeed becoming so generally known and appreciated, that already invalids are hastening thither from all the Northern and Middle States to reinvigorate their feeble constitutions. Northers, it is true, sometimes contribute to the marring of this beautiful picture, though they continue but for a few days, and their uncomfortable effects are ea sily guarded against by suitable apparel and adequate houses. choicest fruits and grapes are indications of the climate. In our ancient city, Some of the founded as early as Philadelphia, we have as large and thrifty fig trees as may be found in the tropics, and our peach is unrivalled-our climate for that fruit resembling that of Persia, its native country. The grape, at present, if not originally indigenous to the country around the high plain of El Paso, on the Rio Grande, is beginning to attract the horticulturists from every part of our country, and its wine has as just a claim as any other to having been the "nectar" of the heathen gods. We regard Texas, then, on account of her favorable climate, as an inviting theatre for the enterprise of the immigrant and capitalist. We resume the subject to which the brief remarks in our last paper was designed as an introduction, and proceed, in the third place, to consider Texas as presenting remarkable advantages in her agricultural capacities as a planting state, as a grain-growing state, and as a grazing state, and we shall speak of these interests in the order mentioned. Our noble confederacy embraces in her limits so many degrees of latitude that the product of nearly every other country is capable of being cultivated in one or the other section of our widely-extended nation. The southern and southwestern states east of Texas are emphatically planting states, the middle states grain-growing, and the northern grazing. Some states, like Kentucky, Tennessee, and other states in the valley of the Oliio, have combined advantages in producing tobacco, |