regarded by all, save that some of his smoothly turned periods or biting sarcasms, are repeated for the day, by way of amusement, and then consigned to nothing Such has been the conduct of the junto. The This is not to be wondered at; for there are many who seem to think they ought to live upon the labors of others. This too general desire for office and its effects, is among the taxes that we pay for our liber-ness. fies-an evil of no small magnitude indeed, but one power yielded to it through courtesy, has been abused. that it would be unsafe to do altogether away, if we It would not only possess the throne, but suffer no rival could, though we must keep it in check as much as we to stand near it. Like to the gentleman named, it can. An old witch, says the fable, "disturbed "all was always ready to denounce any deviation from its hell" that she might obtain her little dog-and the own will as rebellion to the party. But it has been more reality is, that some would rouse the basest passions successful than he was-having yet had means to of our nature and "make a hell upon earth," to ac-repress the presumption of any to lead public opinion, complish their private, personal and mercenary or set up persons for the chief places in the govern views. What, for example, is it to the people of New ment, without its consent. Yet the ground taken now—“ York, whether a certain individual is made secretary the present broad attempt to bring public opinion into of state or sent out minister to England? Will that contempt and make the voice of the people a thing to be an equivalent for a transfer of the power of the be laughed at, under the cant of "preserving the repub→ state to the rule of a few unauthorized and irrespon-lican party," is so plainly at war with the wide-spread sible persons, located elsewhere? professions of this caucus of caucusses, that every man begins to see and feel it-and the time, I trust in hea ven, is close at hand, when the proclamation of this junto will, like the present speeches of Mr. Randolph, amuse us and be passed by, with the saying, that doing But to return to our subject. The Richmond party, in its acquisition, assumption and use of power, may be compared with a celebrated member of congress from that state, and its fate will be the same. I allude to "John Randolph, of Roanoake." When the re-is beller than talking. A little practical republicanisme publican party came into authority, that gentleman, is more valuable than all the theories with which the though he never was a man of business, took the lead in press of Virginia has groaned. New York made her the house of representatives, and he has oftentimes glorious canals while that state was speaking about in-intimated, immodestly from his place, that he had di-ternal improvements; and, when the first named state rected its proceedings-and he did, to a very great ex-shall be at liberty to act for herself in political mat tent and for a considerable time; for there was a sort ters, she will not less claim and receive the respect of fear of offending him, and the necessity of "stick-and attention of her sisters on account of them, than ing to the party" for a while appeared so evident, for reason of her splendid public works. that he was tolerated more by his political friends It is more with pleasure than regret that Í say, Vir than any man ever had been before, or probably everginia has given to us a "Washington, Jefferson, Madi will be again. It was--he would do this, or he would not son and Monroe," and that the office of president has do that. He would do as he pleased; and it was a hard been held by some one of her sons eight ninths of the matter to keep him within any thing like reasonable period of the constitution. The first was as the unani bounds. At last, some summoned up courage enough mous choice of the nation, and the second of the party to act independently of him-they could not any lon-with which he acted, and both belonged to the unioni ger bear with his presumption, though loath to shake Lim off, for he had been politically persecuted and possessed great and peculiar powers of speech and aptness to meet emergencies in debate. He was soon left with only a “little band” in the house, and ques-ral approbation which their administrations have retions were decided without waiting for his consent to ceived, though some great points of policy were far their adoption! The majority governed, and not Mr. from being unanimously approved of, even by their Randolph. Then he endeavored to break down what most resolute friends: yet, surely there were other were regarded as the land marks of the republican par-men, in some other of the states, as well qualified as ty. He grumbled at Jefferson and fairly opposed Madi- they, to fill the office of president-but their just son, and has at last settled into what he is-a splendid claims to the public confidence being ably and perpetu ruin of what ought to have been one of the most valua-ally strengthened by the consideration that they were ble of the human race. His mind, capable of grasping "cradled in Virginia," caused the republican party every subject, was more bent to the gratification of at large to yield up every local feeling, though his own self-consequence than the good of those who such feeling, perhaps, predominated in the exalta looked up to him; and he has dwindled into a mere tion of those distinguished individuals; and still so it speaker, orator, if the phrase pleases better, who is has been, that both Messrs. Madison and Monroe almost listened to with wonder and heard with pro-were probably saved from the proscription, more by found attention—and all that he says forgotten and dis- the adherence of Pennsylvania than that of the Rich rather than to the state. The others have “deserved well of their country," and manifested much talent in their exalted station--I venerate them, and would not wish, if I could, to deprive them of the very gene mond directory and its agents, as will occur to every one who can call up to recollection the politus of the last sixteen years. been content. jealousy, and the plan was to dissipate that power by divisions, which, if left to itself, would preponderate of its own natural force. We may the more easily suppose this by calling up a fact that lately happened in Virginia. The leaders in that state affect to be terribly alarmed lest the choice of a president of the United States should devolve on the states represented fear a loss of their power-for it is pretty well ascertained that a majority of the states cannot be managAre they opposed to the principle of voting by states in the house of representatives in a solitary case, as to the appointment of an officer severely subjected to the controul of a majority of the whole number of the members? They are not-or they would not be so zealous to raise up and increase what they suppose to With this flow of honers, Virginia ought to have The people were; for they respected the rotation principle, and thought not of dictating a sacecsser of Mr. Monroe--but the list of "the party alter power is not to be satisfied, and they ever-in congress; but they are alarmed only because they ed into a conte & that will prove most tal to then selves, even if they strene i la forcing on the people the candidates named by Mör congressional caucus-ed. for thefe will be an rsatible re-action: even their presiden.. if they should make one, will be prostrated ty it. This should always be the fate of partics and persons who stand opposed to the public will, and prefer their own pretensions against public opinion. I deprecate localities, and the drawing of "geogra; hi-be their strength in the senate, built upon the same princal lines;" but the truth is, that those who preach most ciple, but acting in all cases of ordinary legislation, against the principle are those who practise it most. having a concurrent vote in appointments to office, To me, the ord "yankee," sounds as smooth and being a party to the formation of treaties which are "becomes the mouth as well," as "Virginian;" but I declared to be the "supreme law of the land," and would not like to hear a person recommended to of constituting the tribunal before which even the presifice, or another defended in the administration of that dent himself must be tried! Now, this is a consistent which he holds, and on the floor of the house of represen- perseverance in principle!--but to the case in point: But lit-At the last election for members of congress in Virtulives to boot, BECAUSE HE WAS A YANKEL.* tle Rhode Island has many as good and as useful citi-ginia, Dr. Floyd, then and now a prominent represenzens as even the almost titled "John Randolph, of tative from that state, and whose name we find on the Roanoake"-and, let him boast as he will of it, his blood is not one jot better than a cotton-spinner's. He and others ought to look at the population tables. Power must abide where freemen live, and it will-let management do what it can to keep it down. list of those who attended the late congressional caucus, addressed the freeholders, and a brief report of his speech was published in the "Herald of the Valley," printed at Fincastle, from which the following are extracted: PAs to the power of the states in the house. CPAs to the power of the states in the senate. I would not, knowingly, be uncharitable or unjust to any man, or set of men: but I feel myself justified in expressing a decided opinion, built upon hundreds of "indescribable somethings," that the bringing out of Mr. Clinton for the presidency in 1812, and the great political dissentions that have since prevailed in New York and Pennsylvania, had their origin in the power-plored by all good men, as it STATES, and taking in lieu holding party of Virginia. This opinion is not to be slightly considered, because the proof of its justice may always be wanting. We are compelled to believe many things, though we cannot reach the facts on which our belief is founded. Now, I believe that the Hartford convention had for its object a severance of the union--but there is no positive proof of it; and I also believe that a meeting which was held at Albany some years before, and that was adjourned in a hurry, through the Americanism of the late Mr. Bayard, had the same design-but this also rests on opinion; and so, perhaps, the matters first noticed must ever remain. The progress of population in the great states named, had long been viewed with increasing He said "it was possible, "But his grand objecfrom the circumstances tion to Mr. Adams was before us, the election of his having ceded to Spain president would devolve the province of Texas, a on the house of represen- territory that would have tives, a misfortune to be de- made TWO SLAVE HOLDING would take it out of the hands thereof the Floridas, by of the people and place it in which treaties the southern the hands of a few men. This interest had not only lost he demonstrated by stat- FOUR SENATORS, but our ing that the small states of government had lost five Delaware, Rhode Island, millions of dollars which and others, that sent but our merchants claimed of one representative, would Spain," &c. *A reverse of this may be found in the recommendation of a chaplain some time ago, and when certain matters relative to the president's house were spoken at the last session. I have as much influence as Virginia that sends twenty There is a vast field for comment on these cortrasted paragraphs; and the idea that Mr. Adams, (acting as the president's clerk in the case stated, and writing-out a treaty, that was almost unanimously agreed to by the senate and carried into effect by the house), having "ceded Texas" is singular, indeed— but it seems that, while there was an immense fear of *That is, eight more than Ohio, though the free and musket-bearing population of Virginia is now less than that of Ohio. from the "National Intelligencer," in the preceding number of the REGISTER; and, as from this special matter I had striken out, so far as I could, any ne charges against Messrs. Gales and Seaton, and as I thought that enough had been inserted in this paper it did not seem necessary that I should insert, on to give its readers a full and fair view of the subject,* their behalf, a "defence" of what I had not been designedly instrumental in promulgating against them, and it is stated that I had endeavored to avoid a "reiteration" of the charges. It is clear that the editors, as on several other occasions with me, have spoken "before they had any thing to say." I would give them, and all others, "fair play," however little I have regarded their paper as a political oracle. It is not true that I was "conscious" of doing them an act of injustice; it is certain that I did not mean it. To use their own elegant term, no other than a "shabby" editor would have imputed to me what they have: and verily, I have no desire that my "motives" should be judged by their own! the power of the states in the house, as to the election of a president, there was great zeal to increase the same power in the senate, that the "southern interest" might be supported! But this subject shall be more extensively examined hereafter. It is now mentioned only to shew one of the thousand things on which my opinion was founded or is sustained, as to the everwatchful eye of the Richmond interest to the acquisition and preservation of power, by all manner of means, even to the making of slave holding states, to place the stable and unceasing influence of the states in the senate, in the hands of the "southern interest:" for the two new states that were "lost," as the gentlemen has it, though they might not have had together as many as 20,000 citizens, could yet have had power over all the acts of the government equal to the two millions and a half of citizens who inhabit the states of New MR. BALDWIN. A number of gentlemen of PittsYork and Pennsylvania. Such is the constitution.-burg, lately invited Mr. Baldwin to a public dinner, It is enough. "as a small tribute of respect for his continued zeal industry of our country." The invitation was acand indefatigable exertions to promote the domestic cepted, and a large number of the people sat down to a splendid entertainment. The last of the regular toasts was This paper, however has reached to such a length, that I must defer any further remarks on the grand political ruse de guerre of "the party" to put Clinton out of the way, and govern the states I have named by stirring up divisions in them, until the next number. After which the caucusses of 1816 and 1824-their constitution, principle and purposes, shall be severe-low citizens. He remarked that, in relation to the ly examined. "A SAMPLE," INDEED! During my absence from home, the following appeared in the "National Intelligencer" Our distinguished guest, Henry Baldwin. Mr. Baldwin then rose, and expressed the grateful feelings with which he received this evidence of the confidence and approbation of his neighbors and fel great subject on which our opinions were now so happily united, he would take the liberty of reminding the company, that there was one man to whom the country was indebted, more than any other, for the progress of a system which embraced the whole industry of the nation; that, for the protection of the interests of navigation, commerce and manufactures; for the construction of roads and canals; the efforts of Mr. Clay had been uniform and zealous--confining himself to no one branch, he had been the strenuous advocate of the system on national principles, embracing all alike, without local or partial views. Mr. Baldwin concluded by offering as a toast: Henry Clay and the American system. Which was received with great applause by the conpany. A sample.-Niles' Weekly Register publishes, from the National Journal, the writings of the secretary of state, impeaching the conduct of the editors of this paper, with the following remark: "Messrs. Gales "and Seaton replied, but, as in selecting, I had more "regard to the general facts as to the convention, than "a reiteration of the charges against them, it does not "seem requisite that I should publish their defence." Was there ever so shabby an excuse for so unfair a course? What signifies his motives if he commits an act of injustice, which his attempt at an apology for, shews he was conscious of? We give this as a sample of the pitiful treatment we have received from some othersthe National Gazette, &c. whom we have not thought it worth while to name, because their disingenuous- By judge Shaler-The state of Connecticut. Whilst ness excited no surprise-being what we and others she can manufacture such domestic fabrics as Baldlook for from them. But the editor of Niles' Week-win and Tod, she will scarcely need a tariff for the ly Register so often puts forth his claims to credit for protection of genius and perseverance. candor and moderation, we thought he would, for the sake of appearances, have made some show of fair play towards brethren of the type and old friends to boot, engaged in a contest with such odds against them, even though his sympathies might be in favor of their adversary." The conduct of the editors of the "National Intelligencer" has, for some time past, been such that many suppose they have lost no small share of their discretion and the extract at least shews that they were very much galled about something-and, indeed, in so great a rage that they had not time for a moment's consideration, and vented it in the use of "hard words." What are the facts? In re-publishing the articles alluded to, my object was to give the points that related to the convention more than what belonged personally to them; and the special matter inserted from the "National Journal" which drew forth my remark, was IN REPLY to what had been published The following volunteer was also given, which shews that Messrs. Baldwin and Tod were both born in Connecticut- The editor of this paper too, was, "in the flowing cup, remembered." COM. STEWART. Many rumors prejudicial to the character of this gentleman having been circulated during his absence, he addressed the following letter to the editors of the N. Y. American; and we give it a place though we have not at all noticed the rumors alluded to. Gentlemen: I observed in your paper of yesterday, some remarks on the arrival of the United States' ship Franklin, under my command. The estimation in which you profess to hold me, as there declared, entitles you to my acknowledgements and thanks, as also that you are among those *Yet the controversy was concluded in the REGISTEL. by a liberal extract from the last words" of the Itelligencer! editors who have abstained from assisting in the "cir- that the quantity of cotton thread produced on an culation of those discreditable rumors," to which average by each worker, compared with that which you allude. However I may lament the public and one person could have spun on the single wheel, as private circulation of such reports on my own ac- was the practice before the late inventions of Arkcount, through malevolence, envy or ignorance, dur-wright and others, was then as 120 to 1; that is, ong ing the absence of three years, distant from the point person produced as much as 120 could have producof circulation four or five thousand miles, both as it ed previously to these inventions. There are now respects my own personal and official reputation, as about 250,000 persons engaged in the spinning of established through a course of arduous service, in a cotton thread in this country-280,000 multiplied by period of twenty-six years, through three wars and 120, gives 83,600,000 as the number of operatives who fifteen battles, I cannot but regret still more, as a na- would have been required to produce as much cottive patriot of these United States, the injurious ton thread, on the old plan, as is spun in Great Brieffects of those reports abroad, on our national and tain at present. Political economists generally recknaval character, as well as the exhibit it will make of on one in five a producer, but say one in three; then the want of common justice and candor in our fel- it follows, that it would require the working part of a low-citizens, the editors, in thus representing a na- population of more than one hundred millions of human tional officer in a highly responsible command, on dif- beings to produce on the old single wheel as much ficult and delicate foreign service. cotton thread as 280,000 workmen are enabled to maThe rumors to which you allude have never be-nufacture, in consequence of the mechanism by which fore reached me; but they are, I understand, of such they are assisted. a nature, that if only one half of what is charged had been committed by me, I assure you this country would never again have borne my footsteps, or you have been troubled with these remarks. Should, how ever, there appear any just grounds of complaint against my official duties or conduct during my command in the Pacific, they ought to be exhibited to the executive branch of government, who has the power, and knows too well how much it comports with the interests of the nation, and the honor of the government, not to institute such inquiries, or require such explanation as shall satisfy themselves and the country of the justice of the allegations, or the innocence of the officer. To me belongs to furnish, when called on, if not done sufficiently already, such explanations and evidences as the nature of the case may require. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient gervant, United States ship Franklin, CHS. STEWART. OFFICIAL PAPER. The following letter has been! addressed by Mr. Addington, the British charge d'affaires at Washington, to the secretary of state. Washington, August 29th, 1824. SIR: Much inconvenience having been found to result, in many cases, to the British navy, from the use of the flag-namely, the Union Jack, hoisted at the foretop-hitherto generally adopted as a signal for pilots in foreign countries, it has been determined by the British admiralty to substitute, henceforward, for that signal, a special flag, namely the British Union Jack, with a broad white border added to it. I enclose, herewith, a coloured representation of the new flag. Now the spinning of cotton thread is only one particular branch of one particular manufacture. The same improvements have been made in wool and flax spinning. Wonderful and continually increasing and improving machines are employed in hundreds of operations, in weaving, bleaching, dying, printing, dressing, &c. &c. every species of cloth for the garments of the world-in the various hardware manufactures-in letter press printing and engraving, and an endless catalogue of other operations, which were formerly performed at an immense expenditure of time and labor, by unassisted manual power alone. Add to this, the thousand steam engines that are now working for us, all over the kingdoin, some of them of considerable powers; there is one steam engine at present in Cornwall, working day and night, and of 260 horse power; now each horse power, is estimated a equal to six men; and it would require three sets of men, each working incessantly eight hours out of twenty-four, to produce the same effect as this single steam engine, which thus performs the labor of 4,580 persons. If we reflect for a moment on these facts, we shall be convinced the mechanical power which is now at work for Great Britain and Ireland alone, exceeds the effects which would be produced by the manus labor of several hundred millions of active adultscertainly more than the working population of the world. London paper. CHOICE OF PRESIDENT. A correspondent inquires: If the choice of president devolves on the house of representatives, who chooses or appoints the member from that body to give the vote Massachusetts is entitled to? Answer.—Ur questionably, the Massachusetts delegation to the house of representatives. In announcing this alteration to you, sir, and in re- The above is from the Boston Centinel-A satisquesting that you will take immediate measures for caus-factory answer may be found in the formula adopted ing it to be generally known to those concerned, I am di-n the only contested election we have had before rected by his majesty's secretary of state to suggest the H. of R. viz between Jefferson and Burr, in Feb. to this government, whether it may not be deemed expedient by them to adopt, on their part, for the use of the American navy, some distinguishing flag as a special signal for the same purpose. It is believed that, by a compliance with the above proposition, much embarrassment, and, in many instances, serious distress and danger, may he spared to the vessels of the United States in foreign countries. I have the honor, sir, to offer you the renewed surance of my distinguished consideration. II. U. ADDINGTON, The Hon. JouN QUINCY ADAMS, Secretary of State. 1801. The representatives of each state then sat together. They, in the first instance, ballotted among themselves, in order to ascertain the vote of the state; and, as they thought proper, one or more persons of the delegation were named tellers of the ballots, When thus ascertained, duplicates of the result werd made; when the vote of the state was for one person, the name of that person was written en cach of the as-duplicates; in case the ballots were equally divided, then the word “ivided" was written on each duplicate, When the vote of each state was ascertained, the sergeant-at-arms carried to each delegation the two ballot-boxes, and each delegation, in the presence and subject to the examination of all the members of the delegation, deposited a duplicate of the vote of the state in each ballot box. The sergeant carried one of the boxes to one table, and the other to a second apa MANUFACTURES OF GREAT BRITAIN. It was estimated about six or seven years ago, by three of the most experienced cotton spinners in Great Britain, separate table. As many members as states were ap- LAW OF PRINTED LIBEL. In the reign of king Charles II. Scroggs, that infamous chief justice of the king's bench, and all the other judges, declared under their bands, "That to print or publish any new books, or pamphlets of Lews whatsoever, is illegal; that it is a manifest intent to the breach of the peace, and they may be proceeded against by law for an illegal thing." STEAM COACH. Mr. S. T. Conn, of Va. announces that he "has made an improvement in the application of steam, which, from its small dimensions and the concentration of power in the generator, gives certain assurance of enabling him to propel carriages on any turnpike or other road which has no uncommon obstruction." The views of the inventor and the description of Dis invention are thus given to the public: civic fete at Castle Garden, after which he will leave the city for West Point, Newburgh and ha ny, and visit the towns on the east of the river on his return. Politics of New York. TO THE EDITORS OF THE NEW YORK STATESMAN. GENTLEMEN: I have noticed in your paper of the 10th inst. several communications from your correspondent in Albany, of the 5th and 7th inst. wherein I am charged with joining the league and voting against the electoral bill. Your correspondent has done me the height of injustice in classing me with those who oppose that bill; the journals of the house will fully explain every vote I have given. On the first day of the session, resolutions were introduced into both houses, simultaneously, for an immediate adjournment. I did believe at that time, and my opinion has undergone no change, that both sets of resolutions came from the same manufactory, and I opposed the passage of the resolutions until the senate should give some expression of opinion in relation to the electoral bill; and, after receiving such an expression, I voted to lay the same on the table, for the express purpose of taking the sense of the The construction of the generator is such, the water house on the subject of that bill-I was not prepared to be used in it so small in quantity, and the fuel so to say that we were illegally convened, and could not little, that there is not the least danger from bursting, do any legislative act under the proclamation of the and he has ascertained a method of guiding the car-executive, but I was willing to say, and to record my riage which obviates the necessity of rail-ways. This vote against the call, as an indiscreet exercise of exe invention is equally applicable to boats, to the fusion cutive power. The people, to whom so many affecof metals, and to machinery of every description, par- tionate and disinterested appeals are made, looked for ticularly to that which appertains to mills. It is, such an expression from their representatives. I however, the wish of Mr. Conn to exemplify the voted for the resolutions introduced by Mr. Remer, power of his steam generator by an experiment at the and which met the approbation of Mr. Wheaton, a metropolis of the union. For this purpose he pro-leader among the people's men, so styled-which poses to establish a steam coach to run between Alex- was offered as a substitute for mine. That resolution andria and Washington city, or between Washington was full and explicit in relation to giving to the peocity and Baltimore. As his own funds are not ade-ple the choice of electors of president and vice-presiquate to the undertaking, at this moment, he invites dent. the aid of those who may be able and willing to enNow, I will ask, after receiving so many repeated gage in such an enterprize, to whom he can give expressions from the senate that it was inexpedient such explanations as may tend to remove every possi- to pass that or any other bill during the session, ble doubt of the practicability of the measure. The whether the people would thank us to continue in scssum required will not exceed 1200 dollars, which may sion one moment longer at an expense of $1000 per be contributed either in labor or money; and for this day? I venture to say that 99 out of a hundred would purpose he divides the 1200 dollars into shares of fifty not. Your correspondent has commited an error dollars each. Mr. Conn will charge nothing for the when he asserts that I have joined what he calls the invention, but will become a share holder on the same "Albany regency," consisting of Messrs. Van Buren, terms as others, and is willing that those who may as- Skinner, and others, not that I think it any discredit sociate to aid him in the undertaking should retain to be classed with those gentlemen; far from it, for, the patent right for running a carriage or carriages on as citizens, I highly respect them. As it regards the the road or route on which the one proposed my be sentiments of col. Young, in relation to the electoral made to run. Persons willing to unite for the at- bill, your correspondent has also run into error-so tainment of the object, and who may wish for fur-far from col. Young having joined with the others ther information, will find Mr. Conn at capt. Blas-mentioned by your correspondent, in order to defeat dell's city hotel, Pennsylvania avenue, Washington. the passage of the bill, he has ever been decidedly its advocate. His opinion on the subject was clearly and distinctly understood by every person who sought General La Fayette arrived at New York from it, and, on all proper occasions, was freely and unBoston, on the 5th inst. in the steam boat Oliver Ells-hesitatingly given. It is true, he was not found inrorth. A national salute was fired from the Franklin truding himself into the room of every member of 74, at the navy yard, as he passed. The citizens along the legislature for the purpose of attempting to inthe shores and wharves of East river, for two miles, fluence their opinion on a subject which it would bekept up a continued acclamation for the whole dis- come their duty to pass upon under their oaths. On tance. The Oliver Ellsworth was decorated with the contrary, he was content to express his decided flags, and had on board a fine band of music. He was opinion that the passage of a law, giving to the people received at Fulton-street wharf, and conducted to the choice of elcetors, was both expedient and proper, his lodgings at the City Hotel. The streets were filled In this I think every candid person will admit that he with people, whose anxiety to see him was unabated. pursued that course which every real republican ought On the 6th ult. it being his birth day, he dined with and would have pursued. To have done more was the society of the Cincinnati, at Washington Hall, neither his province nor duty, and it would illy have which was beautifully decorated for the occasion, comported with the high and honorable standing with flags, evergreens, &c. and, in the evening, was which he has attained with his fellow citizens, to have handsomely illuminated. been found vociferous or dictatorial on this or any other subjeat. presume your correspondent alludes "THE NATION'S GUEST." On Monday, the 13th, he is to attend a splendid |