Many free blacks are leaving the United States for this island, under the authority of the Haytien government. Nine or ten vessels, filled with passenAdams, in-gers, have just sailed, or are about to depart, from Philadelphia, Port Elizabeth, Baltimore, &c. and it is calculated that between 3 and 4000 will migrate within a few days. If their report of the treatment received is such as we expect that it must be, they will be followed by many thousands; and, while we may hope that the condition of the people of color will be much improved, and please ourselves with the expectation that many among them may become useful and eminent men, we shall have to congratulate ourselves on the reduction of a species of population, less profitable to our country and more injurious, perhaps, to morals than any other; for the reason that no effort, however praise-worthy, no acquirement, however meritorious, can redeem the poor negro from the prejudice against his skin, which perpetuates his condemnation to the degraded class.

RHODE ISLAND. The people of this state, on Monday, last week, by a large majority, rejected the proposed constitution: so it will continue to be governed In the British army there are the following regiby the royal charter, and the usages and laws establishments: 2 life guards, 1 horse guards, 7 dragoon guards, 17 dragoons, 3 foot guards, 93 foot, making a total of 123 regiments. Besides these, are the artil

MARYLAND. General result of the late election for lery, rifle brigade, wagon train, East India forces,

and 553 masters. Probably they have 500 sail of seaworthy vessels. Of these, perhaps, 100 sail of good ships of the line might be employed.

In England, there are 19 dukes, 6 marquesses, 105 earls, 21 viscounts and 143 barons, making a total of 304 peers of Great Britain. To these must be added the 16 elective peers of Scotland, and 28 for Ireland, and 9 peerages which are, at present, held by females, and gives a total of 357; the whole number of which the house of lords can consist, without new creations. Not a fifth of this number ordinarily attend, many very seldom, and some never.

In Scotland there are 8 dukes, (all English peers but one), 3 marquesses, (one an English peer), 38 earls, (16 English peers), 4 viscounts, (2 English peers), 28 barons, (2 English peers), and 4 countesses in their own rights, two of whom are married to English peers and have children. Total 85 Scotch peerages to these may be added five or six recent re

storations.

In Ireland there is one duke, who is an English peer, 12 marquesses, (9 English peers), 77 earls, (24 English peers), 48 viscounts, (9 English peers), 72 barons, (11 English peers), and 4 peeresses, one of whom is an English peeress and one the wife of an English peer. Total Irish 215. If the English peerages be subtracted from the Scotch and Irish, and the remainder added to the above number of 313, it will give 553 peerages in the three kingdoms, existing in different families or branches of families. From this number the royal family are excluded.

There are 645 baronets of Great Britain, 139 of Scotland, or as they are called of Nova Scotia, and 93 of Ireland. Total 877. In addition to these a great number of peers have baronetcies among their other titles. The eldest baronet is sir Edmund Bacon, who only dates from May 22, 1611. The English nobility is the least ancient of any in Europe, though some few families are of great antiquity. It is entirely owing to the fact of their nobles blending so easily with the commons of their empire, that the aristocracy of their government is not only tolerable, but for their purposes admirable.

The oldest peerage in the British empire is the earldom of Sutherland, which dates from the year 1066. It is now enjoyed by a female, who is the wife of the English marquis of Stafford, so that after her death it will descend to her eldest son, the present earl of Gower, and will eventually merge in the marquessate.

Our modest but effective establishments present a very striking contrast to the expensive ones of Great Britain. We have in the army major general, 2 brigadiers, 11 colonels, 11 lieutenant colonels and 11 inajors, making 36 field officers, exclusive of the corps of engineers and the general staff. In the navy there are no admirals, no commodores, and only 25 post captains, 29 masters and commanders, and about 170 lieutenants.

SPAIN. The deplorable condition of the friends of constitutional liberty in Spain, is well depicted in the following letter, dated Gibraltar, September 1, and published in the "National Gazette." The facts belong to a history of the times.

"You will no doubt hear of the late effort made by a party of the constitutionalists to create a revolution in Spain. These unfortunate men were driven to this extreme by the barbarous treatment they were exposed to from the persecutions of the party in power. Their personal safety was hourly threatened, and they found their numbers daily decreasing by every kind of persecution that it is possible for human ingenuity to invent; their submission and passive obedience to the new order of things were imputed to them as criminal, and they were so continually harrassed and oppressed by their petty rulers,

that death itself seemed preferable to an existence which held out no hope of any amelioration of their wretched condition. Many had fled to this place in hopes of obtaining, at least, a short respite from their miseries; but general orders were issued by the governor prohibiting any one from entering the garrison or town, and ordering all those that were here to leave the place within a limited number of days; as a great favor they were permitted to hire small vessels and boats and live in the bay, which is without the jurisdiction of the governor, and is under that of the port admiral, or naval commanding officer.

These wretched beings, many of them with their families, had nothing to subsist on but the charity of their friends and acquaintances, and you may easily suppose that they could not expect to exist long under such a state of things. Those who could procure the means of a passage to England or to the United States, did so, with merely the clothes they had on their backs; the number of those, however, was very limited, for having nothing to offer to masters of vessels, few were found sufficiently humane, or able from their circumstances, to take them away. Joining, therefore, with their friends who are living in Spain, in almost an equal state of wretchedness, they determined to make one bold effort either to regain some point of the peninsula, or perish in the attempt.

They were joined by some of their partisans who had fled to the mountains of Ronda, and were living there concealed; they surprised the town and fort of Tarifa, and being joined by small parties who were detached against them, and by many of those who were living in a complete state of despair in this bay, they dared openly to raise the standard of rebellion. They were, however, for want of means, unable to make any very serious resistance against a powerful land and naval force of French and Spaniards which were sent against them. They were compelled to surrender, and have thus fallen into hands of those who will not spare the life of one single individual.

The enterprise of these unfortunate men will no doubt be viewed with you as an act of madness, yet could you have witnessed the distress and wretchedness of those unfortunate beings, you would agree with me that death itself in all its forms was preferable to a lingering existence, which must have lerminated in starvation, for nothing can exceed the cruelty of the government of this place towards these men, and, indeed, it would almost appear that it felt anxious for them to engage in some such desperate enterprise, that it might get rid of them; and it has now determined that no constitutional Spaniard shall find a resting place near this garrison, as an order has been published prohibiting, under the severest penalties, any one of them approaching the town or bay; because, as the order says, they had abused the lènity heretofore shown them, in granting them an asylum, which I can assure you was never granted, further than I have stated. In fact, the Greeks themselves could not have been treated with more barbarity by the Turks, than these people have been treated.

Morena Guerra, on his return from the United States, was not permited to land bere; his going to Spain was totally out of the question; he therefore determined to retire to Africa, and has taken a house. at Tangiers, at which place his family joined him, and he is living entirely withdrawn from politics, and had nothing to do with the late business, having refused to take any part in what he considered a most desperate undertaking.

The treasurer of Cordova, who left this some months ago, for the United States, can give you some idea of the cruel treatment the constitutionalists met with here. He was permitted for some time to re

side in the city; he was then ordered out of it, and lived for some time with his wife and family in a boat in the bay; at last, weary of this existence, he was enabled to raise a sufficiency to procure a passage to New-York, and is now in the United States.*

Spain is in a wretched state, the whole country is disaffected and discontented, and the administration of the government is so weak and wicked as to promise no amelioration. A dreadful civil war is thought will soon take place, and such is the state of feeling of the different parties, that the worst of horrid acts may be anticipated from both; it is only the presence of the French that prevents an immediate revolution.

their representative-that to act differently, would prove me to be a tyrant and usurper, precisely so far, as the constitution had vested me with the ability to be one-would tend to subvert the right of suffrage existing in the people, or at all events would destroy its value.

"Professing, therefore, to be governed solely in this matter by the free unbiassed will of the people, and disregarding, as I shall most assuredly do, all the acts and doings of the present legislature, affecting this question of the presidency-my only resource, is this direct appeal to you, the people, the only legitimate source of derivative authority in our republican system.

A CORRECT GROUND. Mr. M. Hayden, at present "By the free unbiased will of the people, I mean one of the representatives from the state of New something widely differing from the sentiments not York, is a candidate for re-election. He has publish- unfrequently expressed, by meagre collections of ined a sound and sensible address to the people of the dividuals, ambitious of power and place, who act uncounties of Monroe and Livingston, (which com- der the strong influence, nay, the absolute control of pose his district), from which I shall make one or the great of state intriguers. It is the wishes and feeltwo extracts to shew that he acknowledges "the sove-ings of the farmers of the district, that I am disposed reignty of the people." Indeed-I think that we are to consult and regard; of the mechanics, of the steady in a state of improvement. The good old principles and reflecting men of all parties, who have better of our republican system have many zealous sup- business at home than political management abroad porters, and are seemingly about to become fashion--who act for themselves, who are unfettered and able again.

Speaking of the proceedings of the legislature, at the extra session in August last, Mr. Hayden says The members of the legislature, must stand or fall by their own actions-they are before the grand inquest of the people of the state of New York, by the grace of God, yet free and independent, and will meet with a safe deliverance, if they deserve it. It is not my business to arraign their conduct, or impugn their motives. It is sufficient for the purposes of this communication to remark, that a general belief is prevalent, that the legislature, in defiance of the fundamental principles of our government; in defiance of the strongly expressed will of the people; and in defiance of pledges solemnly given by great numbers of their body, have seen fit to retain the power above alluded to [appointment of electors] in their own hands, for purposes concerning which, 1 am not disposed to comment, and for reasons which I will not canvass."

unbound. It is my object to ascertain the wishes and feelings of such men, throughout the district; and if my deportment, on this great national question which now agitates the country, should not meet their approbation, it shall be because they have not been careful to be sufficiently explicit.

"In what manner I shall be apprised of your opinions, is to me a matter of little moment, and rests entirely with you. If I should not hear from you by public expressions, I shall then govern myself by what I now believe to be your wishes, on the presidential question, provided that belief is confirmed by the casual interchanges of opinion, I may have the pleasure of holding with you individually, previous to my departure for Washington in November next."

THE FRENCH PRESS. Some of the Paris journals wear a curious appearance, a number of their columns being blank, the matter prepared for them haHe proceeds to declare, that if the vote of the elec-ving been struck out by the censors to whom each toral college of the state shall be given to Mr. Crawford, who is not regarded by him as the choice of the freemen of the state, and he should be returned as one of the candidates out of whom a selection must be made, to the house of representatives, he shall be prepared for the event, and adds

number of every newspaper must be submitted for approval or expurgation, before it can be issued! The present state of the case may be understood from the following dismal article of the Constitutionel:

"Paris, August 21.-There is very little generosity in some journals, in which the blank spots of other "In the exercise of such a power as will devolve journals are held up to ridicule. If we have not fillon the members of the house of representatives, on ed our sheet, it was because we wanted matter, though the contingency before mentioned, I shall consider we have sent articles enough to fill several journals. myself as vested with a delegated trust, to be per- We do not know our censors-we know nothing of formed on my part, with all good faith to the people, what instructions they have received, and we can and exclusively for their benefit; in the performance not even guess at their tenor by the retrenchments of which trust, I am bound to consult and be governed, by the free unbiassed will of my constituents, so far as the same can be ascertained-disregarding, nay, rejecting any preferences of my own, unless they happen to be in unison with the opinions of those I have the honor to represent.

already made. We were obliged, therefore, to leave those places vacant which we could not fill without violating the law, and then the journals which censure us for the vacant places, would have shouted for joy, if we were condemned for having done it. In 1815, when the censorship was established, a censor was "This I take to be the only honest-the only repub-appointed for each journal; explanations could be lican course-that to act on any other principle, entered into with him, and without giving up his sewould, in me, be a gross violation of the implied, but sacred engagement, between myself and constituents, when taking on myself the character and duties of

*The individual to whom the above letter refers, as having come to this country, now lives in a small house in the suburbs of Philadelphia, and, much to his credit, has dedicated himself to making soap and candles, thus endeavoring, by his industry, to support himself and family; a trait in his character too honorable not to be mentioned with applause.

cret, he allowed the intentions of the government to be divined. He was not only an overseer, he was a guide. At present, whenever the censorship exists in Germany, it is exercised in this manner. When the governments suppose themselves obliged to have recourse to some guarantee, at least, they do not make it ruin for authors and editors."

The following is the polite note addressed by the police to the editors severally:

"Paris, August 16, 1824. "SIR: An ordinance of the king, dated yesterday.

Flour was $20 per barrel there, and other articles of provisions proportionably high.

and inserted to-day in the Moniteur, signifying that I relieving this fine country from the power of the roythe laws of the 31st March, 1820, and of the 26th July,alists. Brazil. Pernambuco is very strictly blockaded by 1821, relative to the journals, should be again put in force; and another ordinance of his majesty, regulat-the imperial squadron, under command of lord Coching the mode of execution, having also appeared, I rane. invite you to send this evening to the hotel of the director of police, No. 116, Rue de Grenelle, St. Germain, two proofs of the journal of which you are the responsible publisher, to be there examined, and approved if proper (s'il y a lieu). Accept, sir, the assurance of my perfect consideration.

The counsellor of state, prefect of police,
"DELAVAU."

FOREIGN NEWS.

LA FAYETTE'S VISIT TO BALTIMORE.

It is due to the great-to the well-known patriotism and public spirit of the people of Baltimore, that many things, (omitted in our last), which happened during the visit of general La Fayette, should be recorded in this work; we, therefore, insert the addresses of the various deputations that waited on the general and his replies, &c.

To the address of governor Stevens, published in Great Britain. An extraordinary phenomenon occurred on the 2d Sept. near Haworth, about twenty-our last, the general made the following reply, "While your excellency is pleased so kindly to welfour miles from Leeds. A part of the high lands on the moors, opened into chasms and sunk to the depth come me in the name of the citizens of Maryland, the of five or six yards in some places, and formed two lively gratitude which this most gratifying reception, cavities, one about 200 and the other about 600 yards cannot fail to excite, associates in my heart, with a in circumference. From these issued two immense no less profound sense of my old obligations to this volumes of muddy water, which, uniting at the dis-state, both as an American general and a personal tance of 100 yards from their sources, overwhelmed friend. I am happy, sir, to have the honor to meet the country for about two hours from thirty to sixty you in this fort, so gallantly defended during the late yards in width, from three to four yards in depth, and war, in presence of the brave colonel, of the worthy for a distance of six or seven miles. All this way volunteers, whose glory, on that memorable occathere was deposited a black moorish substance, from sion, I have enjoyed with the profound feelings of an three to thirty-six inches in depth, mixed with sand, American veteran. It was by a Maryland colonel in rocky fragments, &c. A paragraph dated Leeds, the year 1777, that the British received, in the galSept. 6, states that the river Ayre still presented the lant defence of an important fort, one of the first lesmost extraordinary appearance-resembling exactly sons, of what they were to expect from American the grounds of coffee. All the woollen manufactures, valor and patriotism. The Maryland line, sir, in the dye houses, &c. upon its banks, were completely at a continental army, has been conspicuous, not only in stand, and the most lively apprehensions prevailed as days of victory, but on days either unfortunate or to the ultimate consequences of this unusual pheno- dubious. This tent, sir, under which I now answer your affectionate address, the monument erected to the memory of our great and good commander inchief, the column of a later date, bearing testimonies of a most glorious event, my entrance in a city long ago dear to me, and now become so beautiful and prosperous, fill my heart with sentiments, in which you have had the goodness to sympathise. Accept, sir, the tribute of my respectful and affectionate gratitude to the citizens of this state, and their honored chief magistrate."

menon.

France. It is believed that the king of France has departed from the troubles of this world. He will be succeeded by the count d'Artois, his brother, who is already called Charles X. It is not believed that he will change the policy of government in any material respect. The count is 67 years of age-his son, the duke of Angouleme, is in the line to succeed him, and his heir will be the young duke of Bordeaux, son of his brother, the late duke of Berri.

The latest date is from Paris, 13th Sept. at 9 o'clock at night. The king was then living-but packages received from Havre are sealed in black, and the report is that his death was announced.

Hungary. In the month of August last, the whole country near Arva was laid waste by a hail storm, and hundreds of oxen, sheep and other animals were killed. The masses of ice are represented as having weighed 14 lbs each, when they descended!

The general and the French residents of Baltimore.

The French inhabitants of Baltimore, impressed with reverential and grateful feelings towards general La Fayette, assembled early last week, in order to agree upon some public testimony of their respect and affection. Mr. Du Bois Martin, who acted so noble a part in aiding the first voyage of general La Fayette to this country, and who is honored with his esteem and friendship, was chosen president of the meeting, and Dr. Jules Ducatel, secretary.

The sentiments of the meeting, in respect to geneGreece. The accounts relative to the capture of Ipsara, and the partial defeat of the Turkish fleet, men-ral La Fayette, were unanimous. All present sotioned in our last, are amply confirmed. It is stated, that, in addition to the five frigates and corvettes which the barbarians lost, the Greeks captured or destroyed all their gun boats and transports.

The Egyptian fleet and army ha arrived at Rhodes.

The land force is said to consist of 16,000 men. grand attack upon Hydra is contemplated.

A

lemnly declared that he was doubly dear to them, as being doubly their countryman-as the benefactor both of their native and of their adopted country-a the auxiliary of liberty in America-her champion i France-her martyr at Olmutz. All expressed th deepest veneration for his character. In the mids of so many changes, they admired the immutabilit of his principles-his unshaken integrity-equali against the siren voice of royal and imperial sedu proof against the menaces of bloody factions, an tion and power. In short, he appeared to them stand amid so many moral ruins, and the wrecks

The grand Greek fleet was at sea, in pursuit of the flying Turks-by defeating it, the patriots intend to break up the intended expeditions against Hydra and Samos. They are full of courage, though the preparations made to subdue them are very extensive. If they succeed in beating the Turks the present camvain assailed by every tempest and every wind: paign, it seems as if agreed that they will not be troub-so many hopes and efforts, like a majestic rock, rather, like a consoling and guiding light in that de darkness which has overspread the political horiz of Europe.

led much mure.

Peru. Our accounts from this country are so contradictory that we cannot understand what has taken place. They would lead us, however, to the belief that Bolivar must soon accomplish his great design of

Under these impressions, it was resolved to e press to the general, as natives of France, those se

timents which were so warmly felt as American ci- with verdant laurels, civic crowns, shouts of joy, tizens. Mr. Joseph Michard was selected to pre-cheerful bursts of unanimous exultation, the smiles or pare a suitable address. At his request, Messrs E. beauty, that delicate and exquisite judge of true Ducatel and L. H. Girardin, whom uncontrolable merit-such are your trophies! Here ten millions of circumstances had prevented from attending the men, truly free, truly just, truly wise, yielding solely meeting, were associated with him for that purpose. to the impulse of their hearts, make it their glory to The above three gentlemen, therefore, jointly pre- honor the generous warrior, who sacrificed a consipared the subjoined address, which was yesterday derable portion of his fortune, who hazarded his life, delivered by Dr. E. Ducatel to general La Fayette, who shed his blood, to assist them in vindicating at the Exchange. After the general's impressive their rights, in establishing their liberties-and and sympathetic answer, all the French residents whose happiness it was to reduce to practice his phithere present, with the venerable Mr. Du Bois Mar-lanthropic principles by supporting so noble a cause! tin, at their head, severally shook hands with the Receive, general, the well earned reward of your "nation's illustrious guest," whose sensibility was heroism, of your virtues! And may all nations reevinced by his affectionate grasp and kind expres-verberate our applause with universal acclaim, and sions. profit by so glorious an example! Translation of the address of the natives of France, The reply. now citizens of Baltimore to gen. La Fayette My dear countrymen. In this free, happy and prosGENERAL-Men, born on the same soil, under the perous country, which receives me in a manner so afsame sky as yourself, but now residing in Balti-fectionate, so honorabe and so impressive, to see my more, a city so dear to your recollection, deem it countrymen partaking the sentiments of my heart, altheir duty, and make it their delight to renew, as na- ways affords me fresh pleasure. The gratitude which tives of France, the homage which they have already I feel on the present occasion, towards the beautiful tendered to you as citizens of America. Warmly and flourishing city of Baltimore, added to obligations admiring your civic and your military virtues, they of very ancient date, fills me with delight, while viewcome to lay before you the expression of their gooding the rapid and admirable results, which the supewishes, of their affectionate sentiments; to witness the most sublime scene which the world has ever exhibited, to enjoy the presence of one of the most illustrious champions of American liberty, of one who unites the character of the philanthropist with the fame of the warrior.

This, indeed, is a new era. The most interesting the brightest page of history, is now to be enlarged. Already your name shone conspicuous in the annals of nations; already your magnanimous and noble conduct had assigned to you a pre-eminent rank among their benefactors. Historians will again consecrate your fame; and present to the eyes of posterity a great nation, the sincere votary of true virtue and true honor, spontaneously and simultaneously rising to offer to one of her most distinguished heroes, to one who was associated in the labors and in the glory of the immortal Washington, the tribute of her love and of her gratitude.

riority of American institutions has enabled this good city to obtain. I join in your wishes for the universal liberty of our native country, whose march of improvement is, in many respects, satisfactory. You reverberate the wishes, the hopes of all true Frenchmen. Receive also, my dear countrymen, my best, my most affectionate wishes for your personal happiness-Be assured that the expression of your esteem and friendship is highly gratifying to me, and that it will always constitute one of my most endearing recollections.

Visit to the University.

The regents of the university of Maryland having resolved unanimously to confer on general La Fayette the honorary degree of doctor of laws, the following gentlemen were appointed a committee to invite him to the university for that purpose.

Rev. Dr. Glendy, from the faculty of divinity.
Dr. Davidge, from the faculty of physic.
The hon. C. H. Hanson, of arts and sciences.
David Hoffman, esq. of law.

They accordingly waited on the general at the Exchange, when judge Hanson, on behalf of the committee, addressed him as follows.

General, you are, for the present generation, like one of those venerable monuments which men contemplate with holy emotions, with ineffable sympathy --and which no one can approach without feelings of admiration and reverence. Resistless charm, omnipotent effect of true and inherent greatness-of GENERAL-Your vist to America affords to all nathat greatness which you owe to yourself alone, and tions a new and wonderful spectacle-After the in the acquisition of which the titles and privileges lapse of forty years, a mere span, in the annals of the attached to your illustrious birth, have had no share! world, behold an entire people, not in the inception We feel happy not only in presenting to you a so-of a theory, but in the fullest practical enjoyment of lemn, a votary homage-but also in offering it on a the blessings of free government, at a moment, too, memorable occasion, in a place cousecrated by your whilst the rest of the world unite only in one sentiheroic devotion to the cause of liberty-in this good ment, that of endeavoring to shape their institutions, city of Baltimore, which, in 1781, witnessed your moral and political, upon the model of America, the disinterestedness and your zeal, when, at the voice sons of these United States, prosperous and unaniof Washington, your model and your friend, you mous, contend to be only most distinguished for their were hastening to the defence of that state that gave gratitude to a surviving chieftain of their glorious rehim birth, where his hallowed remains are now re-volution, to the bosom friend of Washington, the pre-emiposing, and where so mary glorious recollections, so nent man of any age or any country; and to the renown many splendid epochs, so many illustrious friend-ed co-adjutor of the august founders of this republic. ships, and so many evidences of esteem, veneration and love, now invite your presence!

The eyes of all ages, classes and conditions, from the gallant youth to the aged patriarch, look towards you their affectionate and respectful welcome.

Your triumph, general, resembles in no respect the triumphs of the boasted conquerors of antiquity. But it is with peculiar fitness, that, as liberty is Those triumphs were always stained with blood and the patent of science and law, the university of often purchased with gold. Here no ostentatious Maryland should hail you as an illustrious sire, should parade, no insulting splendor, intended rather to solicit a visit to the institution, and whilst it presents gratify pride than to remunerate virtue-still less a for your acceptance its highest diploma, confer upon multitude of captives in chains mournfully surround-itself an honor, by attempting to honor you; and I am ing the chariot of an arrogant victor, dragging after commanded sir, in conjunction with professor Dahim the spoils of subjugated nations. Here the tree of vidge, to request that you will appoint a time most liberty entwined with wreaths of flowers, adorned convenient to yourself for your reception.