this county has been rapid and prosperous, since its first settlement.

VILLAGES. CANANDAIGUA VILLAGE in the town of Canandaigua, was laid out by Messrs. Gorham and Phelps, in 1788, and is the county seat. It is delightfully situated, on an ascent, at the northern extremity of the lake of the same name, commanding a fine view of that beautiful sheet of water. Its buildings, many of them handsome, are principally situated on a single broad street, running north and south, and are surrounded by highly cultivated gardens.

The Canandaigua academy, located here, was founded by the munificence of Messrs. Gorham and Phelps, and is amply sustained by the liberality of the inhabitants. It is also the seat of the Ontario female seminary, an ancient and respectable institution. Population about 3000.

Genera, in the town of Seneca, was founded by Messrs. Annin and Barton, in 1794. In the beauty of its situation, it is unrivaled among the many beautiful villages of western New York. Situated at the northwest extremity of Seneca lake, its principal street runs parallel with the shore of the lake, at an elevation of about 100 feet, and from many of its residences terraced gardens extend to the banks of the lake.

It has some manufactures, but is chiefly distinguished for its refined society, and for the advantages it affords as a retreat for the scholar, the retired merchant, or the gentleman of fortune. The college, here, has an able corps of instructors, and is rising in reputation and usefulness. In beauty of location it is not surpassed by any institution in the United States. It has a flourishing medical department. There is also in this village a female seminary. Population about 4000.

East and West Vienna, in the town of Phelps, are thriving villages, situated one mile distant from each other, on the outlet of Canandaigua lake. They are in the midst of a fine agricultural region and have some manufactories. East Vienna has a female seminary. The Auburn and Rochester railroad passes through the village. Population 1500.

Rushville, partly in this county and partly in Yates, is a village of some importance. Population about 800.

Port Gibson, in the town of Manchester, is the only place where the Erie canal touches the county..

county from the northeast, and runs southwest and unites with the Otsquaga Hills, which form the dividing ridge between the Mohawk and Susquehanna.

This ridge is broken through, by the Mohawk river, at Little Falls. It varies in height from 700 to 1200 feet. The Otsquaga Hills run from east to west, extending across the whole southern portion of the county. They are about 1000 feet high.

Between the Chateaugay mountains and the western line of the county, are the Highlands of Black river, which are broken through by West Canada creek. The Hassencleaver mountain, an isolated summit, having a base of eight or nine miles, and a height of 800 or 1000 feet, also occupies its central portion.

The northern portion is elevated and rugged, but has not been thoroughly explored. The dividing ridge, between the waters of the St. Lawrence and the Mohawk, crosses it.

RIVERS. The Mohawk passes through the county from east to west. Its principal tributaries are the East Canada and West Canada creeks. The latter, in a course of sixty miles, falls 1220 feet, or on an average twenty-three feet to the mile. The Black, Moose, Beaver, and the head waters of the Oswegatchie river, all aid in draining the northern portion of the county.

FALLS. The Little Falls, at the village of that name, on the Mohawk, deserve notice. They received their name in contradistinction to the Great Falls of the Mohawk, at Cohoes. They extend, upon the river, three-fourths of a mile, the fall in that distance being forty-two feet, divided into two rapids, each of nearly a fourth of a mile in length, and separated by a stretch of deep water.

The beauty of the fall is very much increased by the depth of the river bed, below the adjacent banks of the defile, through which it passes. This defile is about 100 rods wide, two miles in length, and rises from 360 to 400 feet above the river, which has worn for itself this deep channel through the crumbling rocks, which compose the mountain. The scenery is highly picturesque and beautiful. Trenton Falls, on the West Canada creek, are described under Oneida county.

LAKES. There are numerous small lakes scattered over the northern part of the county, among which Moose lake is the largest.

CANALS AND RAILROADS. The Erie canal, and the Utica and Schenectady railroad, pass through the county, on either side of the Mohawk.

CLIMATE. The climate, owing to the numerous mountains, is cold, but healthy.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALS. The northern part of the county is

primitive, the rocks being either granite or giem. On te ders of the East and West Camsi cream vel – a

other sections, this is overlaid we meane un sare SOUR of the Mohawk, the prevailing rack is sace meet with ente stone, or limestone, except & Fertil vient de gatite igan makes its appearance.

Its minerals are quarts, crystals of met e

ous spar, pearl and brown spar, suponent vť Har. Da bog iron ore, fibrous celeste, armaine, an intra quantities to be of any practical race Fek (pa

found in the vicinity of Trenton fals, vai pericum a be the town of Stark.

SOIL AND VEGETABLE PROCCITme. The vi s men! arable, and some portions of

adapted to grass than to gran. The arteri var.as eut a be barren and unproducti e.

The timber is principaly sak temieck the bed tent, suck ura Me ory, butternut, el ani maple. Pine aut zemieck an act the sherts section.

PURSUITS Agriculture is the parent v′ a naner: v tue me habitants. From the hily character une auriez mare aten tion is necessarily paid to grazing than de citire o gran. and Herkimer stands in the from a greang vinner cheese is particularly celebrant, ant amor me harti o' tue whole amount produced in the REDE nate file touri More than eight miljons of ports mere naten 25 I L ranks high in the production of outer wua aut SAPE

Some attention is paul to mom for ere he met de vue falls of the principal streams aficet fre funilince. The penenal articles are leather, cotton and wanden good frour number aut paper.

The transportation of ite prodone won the Ere caLIEL DIMANTE tutes the only commerce of the meety.

STAPLES. Cheese, butter and wool

SCHOOLS. There are 200 past setosi-houses why stroois were taught, in 1846, an average perind of eight months aut 11,800 children received metruction, at a cost for tunon aỀ $15,459. The district libraries mumbered 22.750 volumes.

The county has also thirty-three weiert wrhosis with 441 pupils three academies. and one female seminary, amended by 321 pupils.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONE. Methodists. Baptists Dutch Reformed, Universalists. Presbyterians, Congregationalists. Episcopalians, Roman Catholica, Unitarians and Jews.

HISTORY. A tract of land, twelve miles square, lying between the East and West Canada creeks, in this county, constituted the royal grant, which Sir Wiliam Johnson obtained of old King Hendrick, and which was afterwards confirmed by the