thanks to be God, it needs not to be answered, which is this.

XV. For the particular griefs of our country, we will have them so ordered, as Humfrey Arundel, and Henry Bray, the king's mayor of Bodmin, shall inform the king's Majesty, if they may have safe conduct in the king's great seal to pass and repass with a herald of arms.

Who ever heard such arrogancy in subjects, to require and will of their princes that their own particular causes may be ordered, neither according to reason, nor the laws of the realm, but according to the information of two most heinous traitors? Was it ever heard before this time, that information should be a judgment, although the informers were of never so great credit? And will you have suffice the information of two villainous papistical traitors? You will deprive the king of his lands pertaining to his crown, and other men of their just possessions and inheritances, and judge your own causes as you list yourselves. And what can you be called then, but most wicked judges and most arrant traitors; except only ignorance or force may excuse you; that either you were constrained by your captains against your wills, or deceived by blind priests, and other crafty persuaders, to ask you wist not what? How much then ought you to detest and abhor such men hereafter, and to beware of all such like, as

long as you live: and to give most humble and hearty thanks unto God, who hath made an end of this Article, and brought 'Arundel and Bray to that they have deserved; that is, perpetual shame, confusion, and death? Yet I beseech God so to extend his grace unto them, that they may die well which have lived ill. Amen.

1

Humphry Arundel, Esq. the leader of the ten thousand Devonshire rebels, was commander of St. Michael's Mount: Bray, the mayor of Bodmin in Cornwall. Both of them were executed in London. The vicar of St. Thomas, another of the principal incendiaries, was hanged on the top of his own tower, "apparelled in his popish weeds, with his beads at his girdle." Heylin. Strype.

CHAPTER VI.

1549.

Deprivation of Bonner-Fall of lord Seymour-Latimer's reflections on that nobleman-Proceedings against Anabaptists and other sectaries-The case of Joan Bocher, commonly called Joan of Kent-The case of Van Paris, a Dutchman -Cranmer's conduct in regard to both-The fall of the Protector-Cranmer's attachment to him.

THE Commotions, which Cranmer thus endeavoured to appease, Bonner had artfully fomented. Released from his short confinement, after his concurring with Gardiner in opposition to the Homilies, he forbore not to impede the subsequent measures of the Reformers, and executed the orders of the Council only in a manner which evinced his contempt of them. His aversion to circulate through his diocese the new Liturgy, and his neglect to enjoin the use of it, were well known. The resort to places, where mass might still be heard, he countenanced. To the rebels

See before, p. 18.

2

2 Heylin.

this episcopal disloyalty had been no small encouragement. Before the Council he was accordingly summoned, and was ' enjoined to denounce, in a public discourse at St. Paul's Cross, the unlawfulness of taking arms on pretence of religion, and to assert the power of the sovereign during his minority. Instead of adhering to the subjects thus prescribed, he chose to defend the doctrine of Transubstantiation, and to censure those who opposed it. Among his auditors were Hooper, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester, and William Latimer, a London divine. By them, with the concurrence of many others, informations were laid against him; and in consequence, a commission was issued under the great seal to Cranmer, Ridley, the two secretaries of state, and the dean of St. Paul's, to hear the accusations, and, if they could not be refuted, to suspend, imprison, or deprive him. Before the commissioners he appeared on seven separate days of examination; in each of which he conducted himself with insolence and levity, very unsuitable to the occasion, but in unison with the rude and brutal manners by which he was generally known. To the archbishop, who had been his patron, deceived, indeed, as Cromwell had also been, by his professions of regard for the circulation of the Scriptures, he thus addressed himself at his first examination, "What,

are you here, my lord? By my troth, I saw you not."-" You would not see," the archbishop answered." Well," replied Bonner, " you have now sent for me hither, what have you to say to me?"-The commissioners then told him, We call you to account for not preaching upon the subjects prescribed to you. This charge he affected not to notice; but, turning to the archbishop, observed, "I would one thing were had in more reverence than it is."-"What is that?" said Cranmer." The blessed mass," Bonner answered; "and as you have written well upon the sacrament, I marvel that you honour it not more." -Cranmer replied, "If you think well of what 2 I have written, it is because you understood it not."-" I understood it, I think, better than you who wrote it," rejoined the contemptuous prelate. This interruption was closed, by the archbishop observing, "I could easily "I could easily make a child of ten years old understand therein as much as you; but what is this to the matter before us?" The process no longer halted. Upon the witnesses who testified against him, and upon the bystanders who seemed to approve their evidence, Bonner

1 Foxe, Strype.

The

2 Cranmer's translation of Justus Jonas's Catechism. mistakes of others, as well as of Bonner, in regard to the corporal presence as maintained by the archbishop, in consequence of the translations, are noticed, in the present volume, by Cranmer himself. See before, pp. 53, 54.