Prince Bariatinski, the Russian embassador, was particularly civil to me this day at court, apologized for what had passed relating to the visit, expressed himself extremely sensible of my friendship in covering the affair, which might have occasioned to him very disagreeable consequences, &c. The comte de Nord came to M. de Vergennes's while we were drinking coffee after dinner. He appears lively and active, with a sensible spirited countenance. There was an opera at night for his entertainment. The house being richly finished with abundance of carving and gilding, well illuminated with wax tapers, and the company all superbly dressed, many of the men in cloth of tissue, and the ladies sparkling with diamonds, formed altogether the most splendid spectacle my eyes ever beheld.

I had some little conference to day with M.M. Berkenrode, Vanderpiene, and Boeris, the embassador of Holland, and the agents of the Dutch East India Company, they informed me, that the proud letter of Mr. Fox to the mediating minister of Russia, proposing a separate peace with Holland, made no more impression than the first, and no peace will be made but in concurrence with France. The Swedish minister told me, he expected orders from his court relative to a treaty, &c.

I had, at our last interview, given Mr. Grenville a rendezvous for Saturday morning, and, having some other engagements for Thursday and Friday, though I wished to speak to him on the subject of his power. I did not go to him, but waited his coming to me on Saturday. On Friday, May 31st, Mr. Oswald called on me, being just returned and brought me the following letters from lord Shelburne, the first of which had been written before his arrival:

SIR,

"Whitehall, 21, 1782.

I AM honored with your letter of the 10th instant, and am very glad to find, that the conduct which the king had empowered me to observe towards Mr. Laurens, and the American prisoners, has given you pleasure.

I have signified to Mr. Oswald his majesty's pleasure, that he shall continue at Paris till he receives orders from hence to return.

In the present state of this business there is nothing left, but for me to add my sincere wishes for a happy issue, and to repeat my assurances, that nothing should be wanting on my part which can contribute to it.

I have the honor to be, with very great regard, &c. SHELBURNE."

SIR,

From the same.

"Whitehall, May 26, 1782.

I HAVE the honor to receive your letter of the 13th of May, by Mr. Oswald. It gives me great pleasure to find my opinion of the moderation, prudence, and judgment of that gentleman, confirmed by your concurrence. For I am glad to assure you, that we likewise concur in hoping that those qualities may enable him to contribute to the speedy conclusion of a peace, and such a peace as may be firm and long lasting. In that hope he has the king's orders to return immediately to Paris, and you will find him I trust, properly instructed to co-operate to so desirable an object. I have the honor to be, &c.

SHELBURNE."

I had not then time to converse with Mr. Oswald, and he promised to come and breakfast with me on the next Monday.

Saturday, June 1st, Mr. Grenville came according to appointment. Our conversation began by my acquainting him that I had seen M. de Vergennes, and had perused the copy left with him of the power to treat. That after what he, Mr. Grenville, had told me of its being to treat with France and her allies, I was a little surprised to find in it no mention of the allies, and that it was only to treat with the king of France and his ministers; that at Versailles there was some suspicion of its being intended to occasion delay, the professed desire of a speedy peace being per

haps abated in the British court, since its late successes; but that I imagined the words relating to the allies, might have been accidentally omitted in transcribing, or that perhaps he had a special power to treat with us distinct from the other. He answered, that the copy was right, and that he had no such special power in form; but his instructions were full to that purpose, and that he was sure the ministers had no desire of delay, nor any of excluding us from the treaty, since the greatest part of those instructions related to treating with me. That to convince me of the sincerity of his court respecting us, he would acquaint me with one of his instructions, though perhaps the doing it now was premature, and therefore a little inconsistent with the character of a politician; but he had that confidence in me, that he should not hesitate to inform me (though he wished that at present it should go no farther), he was instructed to acknowlege the independence of America, previous to the commencement of the treaty; and he said, he could only account for the omission of America in the power, by supposing that it was an old official form, copied from that given to Mr. Stanley, when he came over hither, before the last peace. Mr. Grenville added, that he had immediately, after his interview with M. de Vergennes, dispatched a courier to London, and hoped that with his return the difficulty would be removed. That he was perfectly assured, that their late success had made no change in the disposition of his court to peace; and that he had more reason than M. de Vergennes to complain of delay, since five days were spent, and he could scarce obtain a passport for his courier, and then it was not to go and return by way of Calais, but to go by Ostend, which would occasion a delay of five days longer, Mr. Grenville then spoke much of the high opinion the present ministry had of me, and their great esteem for me; their desire of a perfect reconciliation between the two countries, and the firm and general belief in England, that no man was so capable as myself, of proposing the proper means of bringing about such a reconciliation; adding, that if the old ministers had

formerly been too little attentive to my counsels, the present were very differently disposed, and he hoped that in treating with them I would totally forget their predecessors. The time has been, when such flattering language, from great men, might have made me vainer, and had more effect on my conduct than it can at present, when I find myself so near the end of life, as to esteem alike all personal interests and concerns, except that of maintaining to the last, and the leaving behind me the tolerable good character I have hitherto supported.

Mr. G. then discoursed of our resolution not to treat without our allies. This, says he, can properly only relate to France, with whom you have a treaty; that you have none with Spain; you have none with Holland; if Spain and Holland, and even if France should insist on unreasonable terms of advantage to themselves, after you have obtained all you want, and are satisfied, can it be right that America should be dragged on in a war for their interest only? He stated this matter in various lights, and pressed it earnestly. I resolved, from various reasons, to evade the discussion, therefore answered, that the intended treaty not being yet begun, it appeared unnessary to enter at present into considerations of that kind. The preliminaries being once settled, and the treaty commenced, if any of the other powers should make extravagant demands on England, and insist on our continuing the war till those were com, plied with, it would then be time enough for us to consider what our obligations were, and how far they extended. The first thing necessary was, for him to procure the full powers; the next, for us to assemble the plenipotentiaries of all the belligerent parties, and then propositions might be mutually made, received, considered, answered, or agreed to. In the mean time, I would just mention to him, that though we were under no obligations to Spain by treaty, we are under obligations of gratitude for the assistance she had afforded us; and as Mr. Adams had some weeks since commenced a treaty in Holland, the terms of which I was not yet acquainted with, I knew not but that we might have

already some alliance and obligations contracted there, and perhaps we ought however to have some consideration for Holland, on this account, that it was in vengeance, for the disposition shewn by some of her people, to make a treaty of commerce with us, that England had declared the war against her. He said, it would be hard upon England if, having given reasonable satisfaction to one or two of her enemies, she could not have peace with those, till she had complied with whatever the others might demand, however unreasonable; for she might be obliged to pay for every ar. ticle fourfold. I observed, that when she made her propositions, the more advantageous they were to each, the more it would be the interest of each to prevail with the others to accept of those offered to them. We then spoke of the reconciliation; but his full power not being yet come, I chose to defer entering upon that subject at present. I told him I had thoughts of putting down in writing the particulars that I judged would conduce to that end, and of adding my reasons; that this required a little time, and I had been hindered by accidents, which was true, for I had begun to write, but had postponed it on account of his defective power to treat; but I promised to finish it as soon as possible. He pressed me earnestly to do it, and urging an expression of mine in a former conversation, that there still remained roots of good will in America towards England, which, if properly taken care of, might produce a reconciliation, had made a great impression on his mind, and given him infinite pleasure; and he hoped I would not neglect furnishing him with the information of what would be necessary to nourish those roots; and could assure me, that my advice would be greatly regarded.

Mr. Grenville had shewn me, at our last interview, a letter from the duke of Richmond, requesting him to prevail with me to disengage a captain M'Leod, of the artil lery, from his parole, the duke's brother, lord George Lenox, being appointed to the command of Portsmouth, and desiring to have him as his aid-de-camp. I had pro