1769.

October.

his hand, and was every minute renewing the decoration in one part or another, where he supposed it was become deficient. In perfonal delicacy they were not equal to our friends at Otaheite, for the coldness of the climate did not invite them so often to bathe; but we saw among them one inftance of cleanliness in which they exceeded them, and of which perhaps there is no example in any other Indian nation. Every house, or every little cluster of three or four houses, was furnished with a privy, fo that the ground was every where clean. The offals of their food, and other litter, were also piled up in regular dunghills, which probably they made use of at a proper time for manure.

In this decent article of civil œconomy they were beforehand with one of the most confiderable nations of Europe; for I am credibly informed, that, till the year 1760, there was no fuch thing as a privy in Madrid, the metropolis of Spain, though it is plentifully fupplied with water. Before that time it was the univerfal practice to throw the ordure out of the windows, during the night, into the street, where numbers of men were employed to remove it, with fhovels, from the upper parts of the city to the lower, where it lay till it was dry, and was then carried away in carts, and depofited without the gates. His prefent Catholic Majefty, having determined to free his capital from fo grofs a nuifance, ordered, by proclamation, that the proprietor of every house should build a privy, and that finks, drains, and common-fewers fhould be made at the public expence. The Spaniards, tho' long acoustomed to an arbitrary government, refented this proclamation with great fpirit, as an infringement of the common rights of mankind, and made a vigorous struggle against its being carried into execution. Every clafs devised fome objection against it; but the phyficians bid the fairest to intereft the king in the prefervation of the ancient privileges of his people; for they remonftrated that if the filth was not, as ufual, thrown into the streets, a fatal fickness would probably enfue, because the putrefcent particles of the air, which such filth attracted, would then be imbibed by the human body. But this expedient, with every other that could be thought of,

October.

proved unfuccefsful, and the popular discontent then ran 1769. fo high, that it was very near producing an infurrection; his Majefty, however, at length prevailed, and Madrid is now as clear as most of the confiderable cities in Europe. But many of the citizens, probably upon the principles advanced by their physicians, that heaps of filth prevent deleterious particles of air from fixing upon neighbouring fubftances, have, to keep their food wholefome, conftructed their privies by the kitchen fire.

In the evening, all our boats being employed in carrying the water on board, and Mr. Banks and his company finding it probable that they should be left on fhore after it was dark, by (which much time would be loft, which they were impatient to employ in putting the plants they had gathered in order, they applied to the Indians for a paffage in one of their canoes: they immediately confented, and a canoe was launched for their use. They went all on board, being eight in number, but not being used to a vessel that required fo even a balance, they unfortunately overfet her in the furf : no life however was loft, and it was thought advisable that half of them should wait for another turn. Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Tupia, and Tayeto embarked again, and without any further accident arrived safely at the fhip, well pleased with the good-nature of their Indian friends, who chearfully undertook to carry them a fecond time, after having experienced how unfit a freight they were for fuch a veffel.

While thefe gentlemen were on fhore, feveral of the natives went off to the ship, and trafficked, by exchanging their cloth for that of Otaheite: of this barter they were for fome time very fond, preferring the Indian cloth to that of Europe; but before night it decreased in its value five hundred per cent. Many of these Indians I took on board, and fhewed them the fhip and her, apparatus, at which they expreffed equal fatisfaction and astonishment.

As I found it exceedingly difficult to get water on board, on account of the furf, I determined to ftay no longer at this place; on the next morning there- Sund. 22. fore, about five o'clock, I weighed anchor and put to

fea.

1769.

This bay, which is called by the natives TEGADOO, October. lies in the latitude of 38" 10' S. but as it has nothing to recommend it, a description of it is unnecessary.

Mond. 13.

From this bay I intended to ftand on to the northward, but the wind being hard against me, I could make no way. While I was beating about to windward, fome of the natives came on board, and told me, that in a bay which lay a little to the fouthward, being the fame that I could not fetch the day I put into Tegadoo, there was excellent water, where the boats might land without a furf. I thought it better therefore to put into this bay, where I might compleat my water, and form farther connections with the Indians, than to keep the fea. With this view I bore up for it, and sent in two boats, manned and armed, to examine the watering-place, who confirming the report of the Indians at their return, I came to an anchor about one o'clock, in eleven fathom water, with a fine fandy bottom, the north point of the bay N. by E. and the fouth point S. E. The watering-place which was in a small cove a little within the fouth point of the bay, bore S. by E. diftant about a mile. Many canoes came immediately off from the fhore, and all traded very ho neftly for Otaheite cloth and glass bottles, of which they were immoderately fond.

In the afternoon of the 23d, as foon as the ship was moored, I went on fhore to examine the wateringplace, accompanied by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander: the boat landed in the cove, without the least furf; the water was excellent, and conveniently fituated; there was plenty of wood close to high-water mark, and the difpofition of the people was in every respect fuch as we could with.

Having, with Mr. Green, taken several observations of the fun and moon, the mean refult of them gave 180° 47′ W. longitude; but, as all the obfervations made before exceeded these, I have laid down the coast from the mean of the whole. At noon, I took the fun's meridian altitude with an aftronomical quadrant, which was fet up at the watering-place, and found the latitude to be 38° 22' 14".

On

1769.

Tuesday 24

On the 24th, early in the morning, I fent lieutenant Gore on fhore, to fuperintend the cutting of wood and October. filling of water, with a fufficient number of men for both purposes, and all the marines as a guard. After breakfast, I went on fhore myself, and continued there the whole day.

Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander alfo went on fhore to gather plants, and in their walks faw feveral things worthy of notice. They met with many houses in the vallies that feemed to be wholly deferted, the people. living on the ridges of the hills in a kind of fheds very flightly built. As they were advancing in one of these vallies, the hills on each fide of which were very steep, they were fuddenly ftruck with the fight of a very extraordinary natural curiofity. It was a rock, perforated through its whole fubftance, fo as to form a rude but ftupendous arch or cavern, opening directly to the fea; this aperture was feventy-five feet long, twenty-feven broad, and five-and-forty high, commanding a view of the bay and the hills on the other fide, which were feen through it, and, opening at once upon the view, produced an effect far fuperior to any of the contrivances of art.

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As they were returning to the watering-place in the evening, they met an old man, who detained them fome time by fhewing them the military exercises of the country with the lance and Patoo-Patoo, which are all the weapons in ufe. The lance is from ten to fourteen feet long, made of a very hard wood, and fharp at both ends: the Patoo-Patoo has been described already; it is about a foot long, made of talc or bone, with fharp edges, and used as a battle-axe. A poft or stake was fet up as his enemy, to which he advanced with a most furious afpect, brandishing his lance, which he grafped with great firmness; when it was fupposed to have been pierced by his lance, he ran at it with his Patoo-Patoo, and falling upon the upper end of it, which was to reprefent his adverfary's head, he laid on with great vehemence, ftriking many blows, any one of which would probably have fplit the fcull of an ox. From our champion's falling upon his mock enemy with the Patoo-Patoo, after he was fuppofed to have been pierc· VOL. II. L

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1769. ed with the lance, our gentlemen inferred, that in the battles of this country there is no quarter.

October.

Wednes. 25.

Thurfd. 26.

Friday 27.

This afternoon, we fet up the armourer's forge, to repair the braces of the tiller which had been broken, and went on getting our wood and water, without fuffering the least moleftation from the natives; who came down with different forts of fish, which we purchased with cloth, beads, and glass bottles, as usual.

On the 25th, Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went again on fhore; and while they were fearching for plants, Tupia ftaid with the waterers: among other Indians who came down to them, was a priest, with whom Tupia entered into a very learned conversation. In their notions of religion they feemed to agree very well, which is not often the cafe between learned divines on our fide of the ocean: Tupia, however, feemed to have the most knowledge, and was liftened to with. great deference and attention by the other. In the courfe of this converfation, after the important points of divinity had been fettled, Tupia enquired if it was their practice to eat men, to which they answered in the affirmative; but faid that they eat only their enemies who were flain in battle.

On the 26th, it rained all day, fo that none of us could go a-fhore; and very few of the Indians came either to the watering-place or the ship.

On the 27th, I went with Dr. Solander to examine the bottom of the bay; but though we went a-shore at two places, we met with little worth notice. The people behaved very civilly, fhewing us every thing that we expreffed a defire to fee. Among other trifling curiofities which Dr. Solander purchased of them, was a boy's top, fhaped exactly like thofe which children play with in England; and they made figns that to make it spin it was to be whipped. Mr. Banks in the mean time went afhore at the watering place, and climbed a hill which flood at a little diftance to fee a fence of poles, which we had obferved from the ship, and which had been much the fubject of fpeculation. The hill was extremely fteep, and rendered almoft inacceffible by wood; yet he reached the place, near which he found many houfes that for fome reafon had been deferted by their inhabitants. The poles appear

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