ting one another is what I must expect from you. The reputa tion of it is something; the reality is much more. And I desire you to remember and observe what I say: Yield in circumstantials, to preserve essentials; and, being safe in one another, you will always be so in esteem with me. Make me not sad when I am going to leave you, since it is for you, as well as for Your friend and Governor,

WILLIAM PENN."

This letter had the effect of producing a reconciliation between the parties; and the Governor promising further, that he would make a provision in the Charter for a conditional separation from each other, if they chose it, within the space of three years, they continued to act in harmony for the remainder of the Session.

By this time the Assembly had finished the greater part of the business which had been submitted to their consideration, particularly in the department of the laws.

The new Charter or frame of Government also was read and approved. Among the new articles which it contained were these, first, That if persons through temptation or melancholy should destroy themselves, their estates were not to be forfeited, but to descend to their wives, and children, and relations, as if they had died a natural death; and, secondly, That in case the representatives of the Province and those of the Territories should not hereafter agree to join together in Legislation, they were allowed, by proper signification of the same, to separate within three years from the date of the Charter; and they were to enjoy the same privileges when separated as when connected.

The Assembly having finished the business before them, Penn signed the Charter, and the Council and Assembly united in returning him thanks.

On the same day he appointed a Council of State to assist him or his lieutenant with their advice in public affairs; and to exercise, in his absence, or in case of the death or incapacity of his lieutenant, the powers of government.

On the twenty-ninth, the ship which was to carry him to England being ready to sail, he convened the inhabi

tants of Philadelphia, and in order to leave with them a memorial of his good-will towards them, presented them with a Charter of Privileges, by which Philadelphia was constituted a city, and incorporated. On the thirtieth he appointed Andrew Hamilton, who had been some time Governor of East and West Jersey, as his deputyGovernor; and having put him into his place, and introduced him to the Council, he embarked the next day with his wife and family for England. He had been in Pennsylvania about two years, during which he had applied himself to the offices of Government with all diligence and singleness of mind, always preferring the good of the country and its inhabitants to his own private interest, and rather remitting than rigorously exacting his lawful revenues. And through the influence of his paternal administration, the Province was in an easy and flourishing condition. Penn was about six weeks on his passage, and he arrived at Portsmouth about the middle of December.

CHAPTER XXV.

A. 1702-3.

He had not been long in England, before he found that the bill which was to have turned the North American Proprietary Governments into Regal Governments had been entirely dropped, so that he had crossed the Atlantic for nothing. It was however a consolation to him to know, that the evil on account of which he had come to England, and the removal of which was likely to have cost him much anxiety, pain, and trouble, had been removed.

Not long after this, King William died, and was succeeded by Queen Anne. Penn was in great favour with this princess, and occasionally attended her Court. She received him always in a friendly manner, and was

pleased with his conversation on American concerns. He was employed also in carrying up to her an Address from the Quakers, to thank her for her declaration that she would maintain the Act of Toleration in favour of Dissenters. The Queen spoke to him very kindly on this occasion, and, having read the Address, added, "Mr. Penn! I am so well pleased that what I have said is to your satisfaction, that you and your friends may be assured of my protection."

At this time his family were in lodgings at Kensington. Here he wrote a little tract called "Considerations upon the Bill against occasional Conformity," which had been introduced into the House of Commons. He wrote also "More Fruits of Solitude.".

In 1703 he removed from Kensington to Knightsbridge. Here he wrote interesting prefaces to "Vindicia Veritatis; or, An occasional Defence of the Principles and Practices of the People called Quakers; in Answer to a Treatise by John Stillingfleet, a Clergyman in Lincolnshire, miscalled Seasonable Advice against Quakerism," and to Charles Marshall's writings, called "Zion's Travellers comforted."

The intelligence from America was again distressing. Governor Hamilton had summoned the Assembly, but the members for the Territories had refused to meet or act with those for the Province.

The Governer made a reply to them; but his arguments did not avail. The result was that both parties declined acting together in their legislative capacity; and informed the Governor, that they could find no method to form themselves into an Assembly, the same stops and objections lying in the way as before.

Twice after this the Governor brought them together, but with no better success; so he at last dismissed them, hoping that by sending an account of their proceedings to England, some expedient might be devised by Penn, which might lead to their union. This however was a vain hope; for when they parted on their dismissal, they parted for ever in so far as legislation was concerned,

the Territory members determining to hold a separate Assembly within their own borders.

The members for the Province being left to themselves, addressed the Governor, requesting that, according to the Charter, they might hold an Assembly among themselves. This the Governor signified his intention to comply with; but in the interim he died.

On the death of Governor Hamilton, the Government of the Province and Territories devolved upon Edward Shippen, who was President of the Council. He sum moned the Assembly for the Province in October. They met and performed the business of the Session; but immediately after a dispute arose between them and the Governor and Council about the right of adjournment. When the Governor proposed to confer with the Assembly about a proper time to meet again, the Assembly assumed the power of adjourning wholly to themselves; and when an objection was made to this extent of their claim, they immediately adjourned, without giving Governor or Council any further time to confer with them on the subject.

In 1704 Penn continued to reside at Knightsbridge, and while there he wrote a preface to "The written Gospel Labours of John Whitehead."

In 1705 he travelled as a minister to the western parts of the kingdom. During his journey "he had good service" to use the dialect of Friends," and his testimony was effectual to the reformation of many."

In 1706 he removed with his family to a house near Brentford, where he continued for some time.

In 1707 he was unhappily involved in a law-suit with the executors of one Ford, who had been formerly his steward. He considered the demands of the executors to be so unreasonable, as to think himself called to resist them.

In the course of 1708 his cause was determined: but "though many thought him aggrieved, the affair was attended by such circumstances, that the Court of Chancery did not think it proper to relieve him." This issue must have been very distressing to him, not only because it was

entirely unexpected, but because a man of his delicate feelings must have felt as if his character would suffer in consequence of it. Besides, he was under the painful necessity of dwelling within the Rules of the Fleet* till such time as the pecuniary part of the matter could be settled.

As to his American affairs, it appears that he had, with the Queen's approbation, appointed John Evans Deputy Governor, on the death of Andrew Hamilton. The first effort of Evans was to try to make up the differences between the members for the Territories and those for the Province. He succeeded in bringing them once more together, and the speech he made to them was such as to dispose the members for the Territories towards a reunion; but those for the Province, who had so long witnessed the refractory behaviour of the latter, refused all further connection with them. The consequence was, that they parted finally.

Having thus failed in his attempt at negociation, he convoked the Assembly of the Province, with which he transacted the public business as a distinct body, and after this the Assembly of the Territories, for the management of the Territory concerns.

By this time he had become unpopular with the members for the Province. He had refused to pass three bills, relating to the charter and to property, without certain amendments; and he had published a proclamation to raise a militia among those whose religious scruples did not hinder them from bearing arms. This unpopularity became at length so great, that they drew up a private remonstrance against him, and sent it to England to William Penn; in which, it is said, they reflected upon William Penn himself, and also upon James Logan, who was the public Secretary to the Government.

Early in 1705 Governor Evans convened the same

It is probable that from this circumstance Edmund Burke, in his "Account of the European Settlements in America," fell into the mistake that Penn died in the Fleet prison.