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66 Governor, Congress, etc. 1859 248

Arkansas vote for President.

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Vetoed by the President..

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66

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12

JOHNSON, ANDREW, of Tennessee, supported
for President in National Democratic Convention:

JOHNSON, HERSCHEL V., of Georgia, beaten

for Vice-President in Democratic National Conven-

tion in 1856..

Nominated for Vice-President by Democratic

National Committee, 1860..

Speech on Slavery in the Territories in 1848
Holds that capital should own the laborer, in a
speech at Philadelphia in 1856. His Report
affirming the absolute right of holding slaves
in the Territories...
JOHNSON, RICHARD M., of Kentucky, beaten
in Convention for Vice-President, 1832..

Nominated and elected Vice-President in 1836..
Beaten for Vice-President in 1840..
Beaten for President in Democratic Convention,
1844

JOHNSON, WILLIAM COST, of Maryland, Pre-
sident of Young Men's National Convention.....

JULIAN, GEORGE W., of Indiana, Free De-

mocratic candidate for Vice-President, 1852...

KANSAS OUTRAGES, Report of Howard and

KILLINGER, JOHN W., of Pennsylvania,

offers an Anti-Slavery resolve in the American

Convention, 1856..

KING, LEICESTER, of Ohio, President of Lib-

erty Party National Convention, 1843..

KING, WILLIAM R., of Alabama, beaten

for Vice-President in Democratic Convention of

1848.

Democratic nominee for Vice-President in 1852.

Elected Vice-President in 1852..

ANE, Col. HENRY S., of Indiana, Presi-

dent of the Republican National Convention, 1856.

ANE, Gen. JOSEPH, of Oregon, beaten for

President in Democratic National Convention,

1852....

Nominated for Vice-President by Seceders at

Baltimore in 1860...

Accepts nomination..

LAW, GEORGE, of New-York, defeated for

President in American National Convention, 1856.

LAWRENCE, ABBOTT, of Massachusetts, de-

feated for Vice-President in Whig Convention, 1848.

LEAKE, SHELTON F., of Virginia, for Disso-

lution...

LEE, HENRY, of Massachusetts, supported

by South Carolina for Vice-President, 1882......

LEMOYNE, FRANCIS J., of Pennsylvania,

Abolition candidate for Vice-President, 1840......

LETCHER, JOHN (Governor of Virginia),
for Dissolution...

LIBERTY PARTY NATIONAL CONVENTION held

at Buffalo in 1843....

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, of Illinois, defeated for

Vice-President in Republican Convention, 1856...

Nominated for President by Republican Conven-

tion, 1860...

Speech at Springfield, Ill., June 17, 1858

Discussion with Mr. Douglas at Freeport, Ill..

Speech at Cooper Institute, New-York, 1860..

Letter to Boston Committee on the Jefferson

Birthday Festival; Letter to Dr. Canisius on

Naturalization..

Accepts nomination for Presidency.

LUCAS, Gen. ROBERT, President first Demo-

cratic National Convention.....

MADISON, JAMES, of Virginia, elected Presi-

dent 1808, and reëlected in 1812..

MAINE DEMOCRACY FOR THE WILMOT PRO-

viso.

MANGUM, WILLIE P., of North Carolina, sup-

ported by South-Carolina for President in 1836...

MARCY, WILLIAM L., of New York, beaten

for President in Dem. National Convention, 1852.

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RUSK, Gen. THOMAS J., of Texas, beaten
for Vice-President in Democratic National Con-
vention, 1852.....

SCOTT, Gen. WINFIELD, of New-York, de-
feated for President at Harrisburg, 1839..

173

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$2

84

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SUMNER, CHARLES, of Massachusetts, de-
feated for Vice-President in Republican National
Convention, 1856...
SUPREME COURT, POWER AND DUTIES OF-
Opinions of Thomas Jefferson...

Opinions of John Taylor of Caroline, Va., John
Randolph of Roanoke, Nathaniel Macon of
N. C., and John Bacon, of Massachusetts
Opinions of John J. Crittenden, Nathaniel Macon,
James Barbour, Supreme Court of Georgia,
Legislature of Georgia, Supreme Court of Penn-
sylvania, and Court of Appeals of Virginia....
Opinions of Mahlon Dickerson, Richard M. John-
son, Gen. Andrew Jackson, and Daniel Web-
ster.....

t

t

A POLITICAL TEXT-BOOK FOR 1860.

NATIONAL CAUCUSES, CONVENTIONS, AND

PLATFORMS.

a potent influence over such questions, being, on this occasion, unable to agree as to which of her favored sons should have the preference. Ninety-four of the 136 Republican members of Congress attended this caucus, and declared their preference of Mr. Madison, who received 83 votes, the remaining 11 being divided between Mr. Monroe and George Clinton. The Opposition supported Mr. Pinckney; but Mr. Madison was elected by a large majority.

NATIONAL Conventions for the nomination of candidates are of comparatively recent origin. In the earlier political history of the United States, under the Federal Constitution, candidates for President and Vice-President were nominated by congressional and legislative caucuses. Washington was elected as first President under the Constitution, and reëlected for a second term by a unanimous, or nearly unanimous, concurrence of the American people; but an opposition party gradually grew up in Toward the close of Mr. Madison's earlier Congress, which became formidable during his term, he was nominated for reëlection by a second term, and which ultimately crystalized Congressional Caucus held at Washington, in into what was then called the Republican May, 1812. In September of the same year, a party. John Adams, of Massachusetts, was convention of the Opposition, representing prominent among the leading Federalists, while eleven States, was held in the city of NewThomas Jefferson, of Virginia, was preemi-York, which nominated De Witt Clinton, of nently the author and oracle of the Republican party, and, by common consent, they were the opposing candidates for the Presidency, on Washington's retirement in 1796-7.

Mr. Adams was then chosen President, while Mr. Jefferson, having the largest electoral vote next to Mr. A., became Vice-President.

New-York, for President. He was also put in nomination by the Republican Legislature of New-York. The ensuing canvass resulted in the reëlection of Mr. Madison, who received 128 electoral votes to 89 for De Witt Clinton.

In 1816, the Republican Congressional Caucus nominated James Monroe, who received, in the caucus, 65 votes to 54 for Wm. H. Crawford, of Georgia. The Opposition, or Federalists, named Rufus King, of New-York, who receiveȧ only 34 electoral votes out of 217. There was no opposition to the reëlection of Mr. Monroe in 1820, a single (Republican) vote being cast against him, and for John Quincy Adams.

In 1824, the Republican party could not be induced to abide by the decision of a Congressional Caucus. A large majority of the Republican members formally refused to participate

The first Congressional Caucus to nominate candidates for President and Vice-President, is said to have been held in Philadelphia in the year 1800, and to have nominated Mr. Jefferson for the first office, and Aaron Burr for the second. These candidates were elected after a desperate struggle, beating John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina. In 1804, Mr. Jefferson was reëlected President, with George Clinton, of New-York, for Vice, encountering but slight opposition: Messrs. Charles C. Pinckney and Rufus King, the op-in such a gathering, or be governed by its deciposing candidates, receiving only 14 out of 176 Electoral Votes. We have been unable to find any record as to the manner of their nomination. In January, 1808, when Mr. Jefferson's second term was about to close, a Republican Congressional Caucus was held at Washington, o decide as to the relative claims of Madison nd Monroe for the succession, the Legislaure of Virginia, which had been said to exert

sion; still, a Caucus was called and attended by the friends of Mr. Crawford alone. Of the 261 members of Congress at this time, 216 were Democrats or Republicans, yet only 66 responded to their names at roll-call, 64 of whom voted for Mr. Crawford as the Republican nominee for President. This nomination was very extensively repudiated throughout the country, and three competing Republican candidates

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