Rime Royal.-Chaucer: "The Parliament of Fowls"; Shakespeare: "The Rape of Lucrece"; Wordsworth: "Resolution and Independence"; Masefield: “Dauber” and "The Daffodil Fields"; Amy Lowell: "The Cremona Violin."

Spenserian Stanza.-Burns: "The Cotter's Saturday Night"; Shelley: "Adonais" and "The Revolt of Islam"; Tennyson: "The Lotos-Eaters” (in part).

Terza Rima.-Byron: "The Prophecy of Dante"; Shelley: "The Triumph of Life"; Morris: "The Defence of Guenevere"; Noyes: "The Progress of Love"; Masters: "The Municipal Pier." Browning: "The Statue and the Bust" employs the terza rima rime scheme with anapestic tetrameter.

Odes.-Jonson: "A Pindaric Ode"; Milton: "On the Morning of Christ's Nativity"; Dryden: "Alexander's Feast"; Gray: "The Bard" and "The Progress of Poesy"; Collins: "Ode to Evening" (x); Wordsworth: "Ode to Duty" (iii); Coleridge: "France" and "Dejection"; Shelley: “To a Skylark" (iii); Keats: “Ode on a Grecian Urn” (iii), “Ode to a Nightingale," and "To Autumn"; Tennyson: “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington"; Swinburne: "To Victor Hugo"; Lowell: "Under the Old Elm" and "Ode Recited at the Harvard Commemoration"; William Vaughn Moody: “An Ode in Time of Hesitation.”

Irregular Poems in Rime.-Milton: "Lycidas"; Dryden: "Song for St. Cecilia's Day" and "Alexander's Feast"; Collins: "The Passions"; Coleridge: "Kubla Khan" (iii) and "Christabel"; Arnold: "Dover Beach" (xi); Le Gallienne: "The Eternal Way" (xii); Amy Lowell: "Texas" (xi); Seeger: "I Have a Rendezvous with Death" (xii); Robinson: "The Man Against the Sky"; Lindsay: "The Santa Fe Trail"; Poe: "The Bells," "To Helen," and "Israfel"; Goethe: "Wanderer's Night-songs" (ix); Emerson: "Terminus"; Tennyson: "Maud"; Lanier: "Sunrise" and "The Marshes of Glynn"; Browning: "Home-Thoughts from Abroad"; Arnold: "The Forsaken Merman." An interesting study can be made of Victor Hugo's "Les Djinns," in which the lines vary in length to suit the subject matter of the

poem.

CHAPTER VI. THE BALLAD

For further discussion of the Popular Ballad, see Professor George Lyman Kittredge's Introduction to Kittredge and Sargent: English and Scottish Popular Ballads; Francis B. Gummere: The Popular Ballad and The Beginnings of Poetry; and Andrew Lang's article on the Ballad in the Encyclopædia Britannica. These authors give what is called the orthodox theory of ballad authorship; the views of Professor Louise Pound are set forth in her Poetic Origins and the Ballad. W. Roy Mackenzie's The Quest of the Ballad is an extremely interesting account of the author's experiences in ballad collecting in Nova Scotia. Excellent collections of popular ballads are Gummere: Old English Ballads; Kittredge and Sargent: English and Scottish Popular Ballads; R. Brimley Johnson: The Book of British Ballads; Quiller-Couch: The Oxford Book of Ballads; Olive Dame Campbell and Cecil J. Sharp: English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians; and John A. Lomax: Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads.

For further reading, the following British popular ballads are suggested: "Edward"; "The Three Ravens"; "Thomas Rymer"; "The Twa Brothers"; "Lord Thomas and Fair Annet"; "Fair Margaret and Sweet William"; "The Wife of Usher's Well"; "Bonny Barbara Allen"; "The Gay Goshawk"; "Adam Bell"; "Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne"; "The Hunting of the Cheviot"; "Johnie Armstrong”; “Kinmont Willie."

The following literary ballads will repay study:-Drayton: "The Battle of Agincourt"; Cowper: "The Diverting History of John Gilpin"; Wordsworth: "Lucy Gray"; Coleridge: "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (not strictly a ballad); Scott: "Rosabelle" and "The Eve of St. John"; Campbell: "Lord Ullin's Daughter"; Macaulay: "Horatius"; Tennyson: "The Defence of Lucknow," "The Revenge," and "Lady Clare"; Browning: "Hervé Riel"; Rossetti: "Sister Helen" and "The White Ship"; Longfellow: "The Skeleton in Armor," "The Wreck of the Hesperus," and "A Ballad of the French Fleet"; Whittier: "The Pipes at Lucknow," "Barclay of Ury," and "Cassandra Southwick"; Lanier: "The Re

venge of Hamish"; Yeats: "The Ballad of Moll Magee" and "The Ballad of Father Gilligan"; Kipling: "Gunga Din," "Fuzzy-Wuzzy,” and “The Ballad of East and West"; Noyes: "Forty Singing Seamen"; Masefield: "Cap on Head" and "The Hounds of Hell"; Amy Lowell: Legends, which contains some excellent ballads and narrative poems of the same general type.

CHAPTER VII. THE SONNET

Three sonnets are given in other chapters:-Wordsworth: "Composed upon Westminster Bridge" (xi); Odell Shepard: "Certain American Poets" (xii); and Robinson: "Monadnock through the Trees" (xii). Most poetic anthologies contain a number of sonnets. Collections devoted wholly to the sonnet are Laura E. Lockwood: English Sonnets and William Sharp: Sonnets of the Nineteenth Century. The Oxford Book of Australasian Verse contains a number of excellent sonnets. A detailed discussion of the technique of the sonnet is given in the Introduction to Sharp's Sonnets of the Nineteenth Century. Austin Dobson wrote a clever “A Sonnet in Dialogue.” See also Romeo and Juliet, act i, scene v, lines 91 ff. In French verse the decasyllabic line is not a strict requirement. De Musset's well known "Tristesse" has octosyllabic lines. Comte de Resseguier's "Epitaphe d'une Jeune Fille" is a sonnet in single-syllable lines:

Fort

Belle,

Elle

Dort!

Sort

Frêle,

Quelle

Mort!

Rose

Close

La

Brise

L'a

Prise.

The continued and growing popularity of the form has led to the recent establishment of a magazine entitled The Sonnet.

CHAPTER VIII. THE OLD FRENCH FORMS

Gleeson White's invaluable Ballades and Rondeaus contains an excellent history of the traditional exotic forms, and offers an inclusive anthology of these forms down to 1887. A volume of the same scope covering the past third of a century would be useful in giving an appraisal of recent efforts in the French forms. Suggestions for further reading have already been made in the chapter under the various types illustrated.

CHAPTER IX. LIGHT VERSE

Excellent discussions of vers de société will be found in the following admirable anthologies:-Locker-Lampson: Lyra Elegantiarum; Brander Matthews: American Familiar Verse; Carolyn Wells: A Vers de Société Anthology. For all types of humorous verse Carolyn Wells's A Book of Humorous Verse is an invaluable collection.

Nearly all the poems given in Chapter VII (The Old French Forms) belong to light verse. See also Waller: "Go, Lovely Rose" in Chapter III. For very short poems of various types, see Kipling's "Epitaphs of the War"; Robinson's "Variations of Greek Themes"; William Watson's "Epigrams"; and any of the poems of Emily Dickinson and John B. Tabb.

CHAPTER X. FREE VERSE

Interesting discussions of free verse will be found in Amy Lowell's Tendencies in Modern American Poetry and in her prefaces to Can Grande's Castle and Sword Blades and Poppy Seed; Spingarn: Creative Criticism; Perry: A Study of Poetry; and Lowes: Convention and Revolt in Poetry. The student who has read little or nothing from Whitman will do well to begin with Perry's biography, Stevenson's Essay on Whitman, and the selections from Whitman's poetry in Boynton's American Poetry or Page's Chief American Poets. Excellent examples of "polyphonic prose" are Amy Lowell's

"Guns as Keys" in Can Grande's Castle and John Gould Fletcher's "The Passing of the West" in Breakers and Granite. For a discussion of other rimeless forms than free verse, see Brander Matthews: A Study of Versification, Chapter IX. Whitman's "The Singer in the Prison" combines free verse with rimed regular verse in an interesting manner.

Poems in free verse quoted in other chapters are:-Fletcher: "Blake" (i); Crapsey: "Triad" (ix) and "The Warning” (ix); Fletcher: "Broadway's Canyon" (xi); Sandburg: "Chicago" (xi) and "A. E. F." (xii); Masters: "George Gray" (xii) and "John Hancock Otis” (xii).

CHAPTER XI.

POEMS STUDIED BY THEME

Poe's discussion of "The Raven" is found in "The Philosophy of Composition." Other poems on death will be found in Chapters III, IX, and X. The following poems on old age may be profitably compared:-Tennyson: "Ulysses" (v); Browning: "Rabbi ben Ezra"; Arnold: "Growing Old"; Longfellow: "Morituri Salutamus"; Holmes: "The Old Man Dreams"; Dobson: "Growing Gray"; Robinson: "Isaac and Archibald"; Masefield: "On Growing Old."

Most of the poems about Lincoln are found in Mary WrightDavis's The Book of Lincoln. An earlier and less complete anthology is A. Dallas Williams's The Praise of Lincoln. For discussion of Lincoln's rôle in poetry, see Carl Van Doren: "The Poetical Cult of Lincoln" in The Nation for May 17, 1919; and John Drinkwater's Lincoln, the WorldEmancipator.

Other nature poems in the book are:- -Burns: "Afton Water" (ii); Stevenson: "Requiem" (ii); Kipling: "The Gipsy Trail" (ii); Shelley: "To Night" (ii); Swinburne: "The Garden of Proserpine" (iii); Wordsworth: "I Wandered Lonely" (iii); Shelley: "To a Skylark" (iii); Cowper: "The Poplar Field" (iv); Swinburne: "A Forsaken Garden" (iv); Shelley: "The Cloud" (iv); Lanier: "The Song of the Chattahoochee" (iv); Yeats: "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" (iv); Masefield: "The West Wind" (iv); Wordsworth: From The Prelude (v); Keats: From "Hyperion" (v); Tennyson: "Ulysses" (v); Bryant: From "The Prairies" (v); Emerson: "The Snow