Zacharias, a king of Gaza. The rest of the wars of the Philistines are remembered in the catalogue of the judges, of Saul and David, and therefore I shall not need to collect the particulars in this place.

There lived at once with David the third of the Silvii, king of Alba, called Latinus Silvius, who is said to have ruled that part of Italy fifty years. And about his fourteenth year Codrus the last king of the Athenians died, to whom succeeded the first prince of those, who being called after Medon, Medontidae, without regal name governed Athens during their life.

The reasons which moved the Athenians to change their government were not drawn from any inconvenience found in the rule of sovereignty, but in honour of Codrus only. For when the Grecians of Doris, a region between Phocis and the mountain Eta, sought counsel from the oracle for their success in the wars against the Athenians, it was answered, that then undoubtedly they should prevail, and become lords of that state, when they could obtain any victory against the nation, and yet preserve the Athenian king living. Codrus, by some intelligence being informed of this answer, withdrew himself from his own forces, and putting on the habit of a common soldier entered the camp of the Dorians, and killing the first he encountered, was himself forthwith cut in pieces.

Eupales, the thirty-first king of Assyria, which others account but the thirtieth, began to rule that empire about the thirteenth year of David, and held it thirty-eight years.

Near the same time began Ixion, the second king of the Heraclidæ, the son of Eurysthenes, in Corinth; and Agis, the second of the Heraclidæ, in Lacedæmon: in honour of which Agis, his successors were called Agidæ for many years after. He restored the Laconians to their former liberty; he overcame the citizens of Helos in Laconia, who had refused to pay him tribute; he condemned them and theirs to perpetual slavery; whereof it came, that all the Messenians, whom at length they brought into the like bondage, were after called Helotes.

In like sort from the Sclavi came the word slave. For when that nation, issuing out of Sarmatia, now called Russia, had seized upon the country of Illyria, and made it their own by conquest, their victory pleased them so highly, that thereupon they called themselves by a new name, Slavos, which is in their language glorious. But in after-times, (that warmer climate having thawed their northern hardiness, and not ripened their wits,) when they were trodden down, and made servants to their neighbours, the Italians, which kept many of them in bondage, began to call all their bondmen slaves, using the word as a name of reproach; in which sense it is now current through many countries.

Other chronologers make this Agis the third king of Sparta, and somewhat later, about the twenty-third year of David, and say, that Achestratus was the fourth king of this race, the same whom & Eusebius calls Labotes, and sets him in the thirteenth year of Salomon.

In the tenth year of Achestratus, Androclus, the third son of Codrus, assisted by the Iones, built Ephesus in Caria, who, after the adjoining of the isle of Samos to his territory, was slain by the Carians, whose country he usurped. He was buried (saith Pausanias) in one of the gates of h Ephesus, called Magnetes, his armed statua being set over him. Strabo reports, that after Androclus had subdued the Ionians, (the next province to Ephesus, on the sea-coast of Asia the Less,) he enlarged his dominions upon the Æoles, which joineth to Ionia; and that his posterity governed the cities of Ephesus and Erythræ by the name of Basilidæ, in Strabo's own time. Of the expedition of the Iones, how they came hither out of Peloponnesus, I have k spoken already upon occasion of the return of the Heraclidæ into Peloponnesus, wherein, with the Dores, they expelled the Achæi, and inhabited their places in that land; though this of the Iones succeeded that of the Heraclidæ 100 years.

Euseb. in Chron.

The east gate of Ephesus towards Magnesia upon the river Mæander.

i Arist. 1. 5. Pol. c. 6.

See ch. 16. sect. 6. of this book.

The city of Ephesus became exceeding famous: first, for the temple of Diana therein built; which had in length 425 foot, and 220 in breadth, sustained with 127 pillars of marble, of 70 foot high; whereof 27 were most curiously graven, and all the rest of choice marble polished, the work being first set out by Ctesiphon of Gnossos. Secondly, it became renowned by being one of the first that received the Christian faith, of which Timothy was bishop; to whom, and to the Ephesians, St. Paul wrote his epistles so entitled. The other city possessed by Androclus in Æolis was also universally spoken of by reason of Sibylla, surnamed Erythræa, who lived 740 years before Christ born. St. Augustine avoweth, that a Roman proconsul shewed him, in an ancient Greek copy, certain verses of this prophetess; which began (as St. Augustine changed them into Latin) in these words: Jesus Christus Dei Filius Salva"Jesus Christ Son of God the Saviour."

tor;

About the time that Joab besieged Rabba in Moab, Vaphres began to govern in Egypt, the same that was father-in-law to Salomon, whose epistles to Salomon, and his to Vaphres, are remembered by Eusebius out of PoleIn the twenty-first of David was the city of Magnesia in Asia the Less founded, the same, which is seated upon the river Mæander, where Scipio gave the great overthrow to Antiochus. In this territory are the best horses of the Lesser Asia bred; whereof Lucan:

mon.

Et Magnetis equis, Minya gens cognita remis.

About the same time Cuma in Campania was built by the inhabitants of Chalcis in Euboea, according to m Servius, with whom Strabo joineth the Cumæans of Æolis, saying, that to the one of these people the government was given, with condition that the other should give name to the city. Of this Cuma was Ephorus, the famous scholar of Isocrates.

Eusebius and Cassiodore find the building of Carthage at this time, to wit, in the thirty-first year of David; but

1 Plin. 1. 2. c. 58. et l. 7. c. 37.

in Serv. in Æneid. 3. Strabo, 1. 5.

much mistaken. For the father of Dido was Metinus, the son of Badezor, brother to Jezabel, who married Achab, king of Israel; and between the death of David and the first of Achab there were wasted about ninety-five years.

In this time also Acastus lived, the second of the Athenian princes after Codrus, of which there were thirteen in descent before the state changed into a magistracy of ten years. Some n writers make it probable that the Æolians, led by Graus, the grand nephew of Orestes, possessed the city and island of Lesbos about this time. In the thirtysecond year of David, Hiram began to reign in Tyre, according to Josephus, who saith, that in his twelfth year Salomon began the work of the temple. But it is a familiar error in Josephus to misreckon times, which in this point he doth so strangely, as if he knew not how at all to cast For it is manifest that Hiram sent messenany account. gers and cedars to David soon after his taking of Jerusalem, which was in the very beginning of David's reign over Israel, when as yet he had reigned only seven years in PHebron, over the house of Juda. Wherefore it must needs be that Hiram had reigned above thirty years before Salomon; unless more credit should be given to those Tyrian records which are cited by Josephus, than to the plain words of scripture contradicting them. For that it was the same Hiram which lived both with David and with Salomon, the scriptures make it plainly manifest.

CHAP. XVIII.
Of Salomon.

SECT. I.

Of the establishing of Salomon; of birthright, and of the cause of Adonijah's death, and of Salomon's wisdom.

SALOMON, who was brought up under the prophet Nathan, began to reign over Juda and Israel in the year of the

n Euseb. in Chron. Herod. in Vit. Hom. et Strab. 1. 14.

Antiq. 8. et cont. Ap. 1. 1.
P 2 Sam. v.

world 2991. He was called Salomon by the appointment of God. He was also called Jedidiah, or Theophilus, by Nathan, because the Lord loved him.

Hiram, king of Tyre, after Salomon's anointing, despatched ambassadors toward him, congratulating his establishment; a custom between princes very ancient. Whence we read that David did in like sort salute 9 Hanum, king of the Ammonites, after his obtaining the kingdom.

The beginning of Salomon was in blood, though his reign were peaceable. For soon after David's death he caused his brother Adonijah to be slain by Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, taking occasion from Adonijah's desiring by Bersabe, that the young maid Abishag, which lay in David's bosom in his latter days, to keep him warm, might be given him. Whatsoever he pretended, it was enough that Adonijah was his elder brother, and sought the kingdom contrary to the will of David, whom God inclined towards Salomon. And yet it is said, that a word is enough to the wise, and he that sees but the claw, may know whether it be a lion or no; so it may seem, that to the quicksighted wisdom of Salomon this motion of Adonijah's was a demonstration of a new treason. For they which had been concubines to a king, might not after be touched but by a king; whence Achitophel wished Absalom to take his father's concubines as a part of the royalty. And David, after that wrong, determining to touch them no more, did not give them to any other, but shut them up, and they remained widowed until their death. And this it seems was the depth of Ishbosheth's quarrel against Abner, for having his father's concubine. And some signification of this custom may seem too in the words of God by Nathan to David; I have given thee thy master's house and thy master's wives. And in the words of Saul, upbraiding Jonathan, that he had chosen David to the shame of the nakedness of his mother. Hereunto perhaps was some reference to this purpose of Adonijah to marry with her that was always present with David in his latter days, and who belike knew all that 2 Sam. xx. 3. t1 Sam. xx. 30.

r

4 2 Sam. x. r 2 Sam. xvi. 21.