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voluntary emigration, at the cost of the emi-] from the increased facility of obtaining the necessa grants themselves.

ries and conveniences of life, partially assisted, also,. But waiving all those things, and many other by an increased emigration. Experience tells us points that present themselves to attention, I that the principle is a correct one; for the numbers that I have brought out for the different periods, will admit that our black population may be very nearly agree with the facts that have been ascer as anxious to emigrate to Africa, as oppressed tained, or, by authority, presumed, to have existed Europeans can be to seek an asylum here, and at or about those periods. If it is believed by any that their means for so doing are equally avail- that our population has always doubled in twentyable. This is admitting what I believe is very three years, that belief would operate as a reducfar from the fact-but it is no matter: for Ition of the amount of emigrants that I suppose we have received. Those emigrants, for every period, shall very clearly shew that the rise of popula are added to the stock of population at its com tion in the United States, though originating mencement, and double for the stock at its concluin emigration, was very little assisted by it; sion-BECAUSE a very large proportion of them are and that, while the mother country never felt believed to have been persons that were in the vigor a loss of the persons that emigrated, the coun-of life when they arrived in America. And I have try emigrated to soon became insensible to any to say, that the supposed amount of population in such confidence in these calculations as to venture gain in them. The extraordinary and unprece-1819 will not vary 200,000 from the real number. dented increase of people in this country has its! 2. Virginia was settled in 1610; New-York and cause in the absence of those tens of thousands New-Jersey, 1614; Massachusetts, 1620, 1623; De of checks of population that have always ex-laware and Pennsylvania, by the Swedes and Fins, isted, and forever must belong to, thickly set- 1627-by Penn, 1682; Maryland 1633; Connecticut In tled kingdoms and states: and of which we also and Rhode-Island, 1635; Carolina, 1669, &c — 1619 the planters of Virginia received by invoice a shall partake as the means of healthy subsistence become more difficult to obtain. But those each 150lbs of tobacco. Slaves were first inported cargo of pretty young girls for wives, and paid for checks will not extensively operate here, ex-into Virginia in a Dutch vessel, in 1620. cept by famine, pestilence or war, until our rich waste lands are occupied.

3. I am perfectly aware that in tinus exposing a common error, as to the weight and power of emigra The following calculations have been made tion, that I subject myself to considerable responsi to shew the power of emigration on the counbility; but I request that every one, before he attries from whence emigrants came to the U. he is competent to calculate them, and then calcu tempts to decide on these estimates, will feel that States; for on that depends the real merits of late them. This is common justice. I do not pretend the colonization scheme. The amount of emi-to say that I am not mistaken. I know that I am grants is that which I suppose to have been our liable to error-but subjects like this have consider. absolute gain by emigration; we also, having ably engaged my attention, and mere opinion will lost many inhabitants. The "mother country,' not stand against the evidence of facis ascertained -as these have been. alone, by man-stealing and seduction, and by Mr. Blodgett, whose invaluable statistical wo k the connivance or contrivance of those who is known to every body, estimated (in 1806) that ought to have protected them, together with for the ten preceding years the amount of emi the wandering disposition that belongs to sea-rants not exceeded 4000 a year-and that we men and others, has taken from us at least ourselves lost above half that number by enigra40,000 men, within twenty years past; and ion, and more as sea-faring adventurers. Mr B odg t's opinion is entitled to much respect, and he Americans are to be found every where, had the best possible opportunities for judging TABLE SHEWING THE PROBABLE POPULATION OF THE correctly. I have averaged their amount for those TERRITORY OF T. E UNITED STATES (except Indians) years at 7000, to cover the very gr at emigration TOGETHER WITH THE AMOUNT gained Y EM GRAof the law and present year. The error in my ta TION, FROM THE FIRST FIXED SETTLEMENTS TO THE YEAR 1819.

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ble, if any there is, is decidedly in putting down too great an amount of emigrants. Ladeed, I seriously doubt whether so many as stated have really arriv e in the United States (whites and lacks, and much less beney that we have ac u dy ged 400,000, by emigration. But I am willing to give to my amiable opponent every thing that he can claim

From the facts thus ascertained, or assumed, let us proceed to shew the power of emigration compared with the natural increase of the people, by calculating how mary pe sons will have lived and be living in the United States, from 1625 to 1819, inclusive of both, 195 years.

The period of 35 years has been fixed upon

*Dr. Frackia was of opinion, (in 1755) that we doubled our population in twenty years. This opiion is not, however, supported by the facts.

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as a generation $ per cent. of the population, hesitation, that the retirement of a reasonable therefore, die every year. number from any such-say 5000 to the million, By taking the equated numbers of the popu- every year, would be nearly balanced by the lation at the several periods stated, and calcu- room thereby afforded for greater productivelating them at 3 per cent. per annum, for their ness. Population goes on, increases or dimirespective periods of years, and adding to this nishes, as the means of life are more or less product the amount of persons remaining at the end of said periods, we may pretty nearly arrive at the whole number of persons that had lived up to the times stated. ThusThe whole population in 1625 was

do.

do.

1650

easily obtained; and, it is probable, that the actual emigration of 5000 blacks, per annum, would not effect a real reduction of that to which they would otherwise amount to, of more than 1500 or 2000 persons, a year.

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The following shews the amount of blacks, in round numbers, according to the census of 1790, 1800 and 1810:

quated number

5,000 30,000 1)35,000 17,500

17.500, at 3 per cent. per ann. for 25 years is 13,125 Add the living in 1650,

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30,000

760,000

43,125

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-1,100,000

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Product,

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Slaves,

They have increased as fast as the white peoTEARS. Whole No. Equated No. Amount of Gross amount. ple for the last twenty years, though not for

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the last ten years. Their importation was pro43,125 hibited in 1800; but for the ten preceding years 128,125 it was excessive.

334,375 There is some consolation in the fact that 756,250 the census of 1810 furnishes-for the ten pre1,700,000 |

1772 204,000 1,617,00 1.115,730 3,319,730 ceding years the blacks had increased only at 1796 4.546, 3,375,000 2,328,750 6,874,750 the rate of 25 per cent. per annum, whereas 1819 9,412,000 6,979,000 4,815,510 14,227,510 the white inhabitants advanced nearly at the

rate of 4 per cent. The amount of blacks in

27,383,865 1819 will be about 1,600,000. In 1790 they were almost a fifth of the whole; in 1819, they These tables are original-to me, even in will be a little more than a sixth: and the comidea, for I never had seen any of the sort before parative gain will gather strength as time I made them. If they will stand the test of rolls on.

Gain by emigration for the same period,

examination, it appears that the whole number From the whole, I conclude, that the idea of of persons that shall have lived, or will be liv-planting a colony in Africa, admitting that the ing, in the United States, from the date of the blacks may be as willing, and have as much first considerable settlements up to the year power to emigrate, as the white people of Eu1819, is 27,383,865 rope have to emigrate to America, as a means for sensibly diminishing their numbers here, is fallacious; and, except for the solitary pur -419,500 pose of affording to some the "possibility of escape," as urged by "Howard," ought to be 26,964,365 abandoned. If any are willing to embark in it for that humane and charitable purpose, they shall have my best wishes, and, with them, my mite to support it.

Original stock,

414,500
5,000

And it results that there have been born in the United States the mighty aggregate of

26.964,865.

tunate race." And, as "Howard" does not appear to have understood my meaning, I will endeavor to explain it.

What a drop in the bucket-a speck in the Let us look at home. I repeat my desire balance, is the amount of gain by emigration, "that the talents and influence, with the wealth even though we should give it a ten fold force, of those who are advocates for the colonization compared with the natural increase of this peo-plan, might be domesticated to the relief, the ple! We see that to raise up this great amount, protection, and the advancement of this unforEurope and Africa have lost no more than 419,500 persons in nearly 200 years. But, probably, Europe has not really lost one man in consequence of it. Why is it that our population increases as much in 23 years, as that of Europe does in an 100? Because we have not the checks to population that exist in thickly-settled countries; and I assert, without

From the facts manifested it seems clearly to result, that the wished-for work, in favor of the blacks, must be effected, if effected at all, by some internal regulations, bottomed upon a sound understanding of political economy. It

is to the discovery and perfection of such re-[would send their children to school, and live gulations that I wish to see the mind and purse comfortably themselves;-the morals of the of gentlemen directed. It is so short a time slaves would be less liable to corruption,-and since we became a nation-such a little while they would be more content, serve their massince all of us stood gaping across the Atlan-ters more faithfully and receive better treattic for almost every thing that would add to ment; the safety of the white population would our prosperity or lessen our grievances, that be secured; and, lastly, a gradual change of few of us have yet learnt to look at home, and complexion would be effected, from natural count the things that we ought to be acquainted causes-which never can take place, extenwith as we should do. An incident, or anec- sively, unless the blacks are scattered. I am dote, that occurred to me, may be applied in of the opinion, that if the whole black populaits principle to hundreds of errors amongst us. tion of the United States was equally dispersEarly in the late war, a large ship, called the ed through all our territories, that, after a few Jamaica, was sent as a prize into Baltimore-generations, a black person would be a rarity, she was ladened with 700hhds. of sugar; the from adventitious mixtures alone. And, query whole cargo was discharged and paraded in I offer it only as a query, would not the formidable rows, for inspection and sale. Its sable color retire by degrees, from a simple appearance was so imposing, that a respectable association of its possessors with white people? gentleman from the country, that I was waiting 3. Zealously to promote their employment upon to shew to him whatever was remarkable in such healthy, and otherwise proper branches in our city, seriously exclaimed, that there was of business, that we know serve as checks to sugar enough on the wharf to supply all the population. These are numerous and very world! I smiled at his notion-but seeing the powerful, and are well worth enquiring into. impression that it had made on his mind, I gave Very respectfully, him a lesson which he has several times since thanked me for; and, with my pencil, convinced him that this apparently mighty mass, if divided among the people of the U. States, would afford to each a less quantity than oneThe condition of the late and present coloseventh of a pound. Many will laugh at the nies of Spain on the American continent, has simple idea of my country friend, who them- latterly excited much attention in Europe and selves hold opinions that as well deserve to be the United States; and one would suppose that laughed at. See the essays on "Political Eco-Something of a decisive character was about to nomy,” in the last volume of the WEEKLY RE- happen. The British have an evident leaning in favor of the Patriots, and, we take it for But I fear to become tedious and shall has granted, that they will not act against them. ten to conclude. And, as I hate that disposi-Nay, we question whether they will suffer any tion that would find fault with any thing with aut suggesting "something" to accomplish a desired object, I respectfully propose to invite the attention of humane and liberal gentlemen to certain causes that may lead us to the ef

GISTER.

fect:

1. To encourage, by all proper means, the emancipation of slaves.

2. To make arrangements with the non slaveholding states for receiving the freed negroes and to compel them by "acts of violence," if necessary, to reside in those states. Many good effects would flow from this procedure the condition of the freed blacks would be greatly improved and ameliorated;-they would furnish supplies of useful and necessary laborers, and many, through profitable employment,

The Editor of the Weekly Register.

South America, &c.

other power, except Spain herself, to do it--and supplies of men and arms, &c. are openly recruited and shipped at London, &c. Thought the fact is not officially stated, it appears to be acknowledged, that Cesar A. Rodney, Johns Graham and Theodorick Bland, esqs. as commissioners, with H. M. Brackenridge, esq. as their secretary, are immediately to proceed in the Congress frigate to South America. The known-but it seems agreed that their purpose object of their mission is rather guessed at than is only to obtain a knowledge of the state of things on which government may rely for its have had such commissioners in South Amerifuture direction.The British, for many years, ca; and, it is said that they really have an agent though officially unacknowledged, as such, by at Buenos Ayres with ministerial powers. either party.

"I would insist on this separation. I know of no right that we have to make it, but I consider it in- A very ably written pamphlet has lately been dispensable to the good of all parties-to the published at Washington, addressed to the white people, the free blacks and the slaves. The President of the United States, and of which freed negroes, in the slave-holding states, are the Mr. Brackenridge is said to be the author, in worst part of the population;-centre points for which the establishment of "official relations every sort of depravity and crime in their several neighborhoods. And the fact that they are so, is with the republics of La Plata and Chili” is among the most powerful preventives of emancipa-decidedly recommended-saying, that "no nation will have any just right to be offended

tion.

with it," &c. insisting, that such relations would and relieve us of grievances that a e too extenby no means imply that we must make war sive to be bore any longer with patience. upon Spain, or aid these republics-"our The exposition of the supreme Director of practice as well as the practice of every coun- the provinces of the Rio de la Plata, and the try, considering the existence of a government account of East Florida, inserted in the present de facto as sufficient for all purposes of official number, are worthy of attention. communications," &c.-Considerable import- also some geographical intelligence of La Pla ance has been ascribed to this pamphlet, on ta, which shall appear next week.

account of the present situation of its author. Meanwhile, certain British officers, charged with a design to join the patriots on the Oronoco, have been held to bail by the circuit court of the United states at Philadelphia, and certain mericans, charged with piracy for having served on board a patriot privateer, have been acquitted at Boston.

Legislature of Connecticut.

It was positively stated that the following pream ble and resolution, having passed the house of representatives, was rejected by the council.We are happy to say that it passed both bran ches of the legislature.

The Democratic Press, of Philadelphia, fur- In the house of representatives, Oct. 23. nishes us with the following article respecting The committee, to whose consideration was re the Floridas--it bears a very important cha-ferred that part of the speech of his excellency the racter; but we shall soon hear more about it, if Mr. Binns has been correctly informed:

governor, which relates to the granting of honorary tokens to such native citizens, as have performed meritorious services for their country, beg leave to report:

"Captain Arnold, of the ship Lucy from Bordeaux, has brought out despatches for government from the American minister at the court of Spain. It is That they have entered upon this duty with plea presumed that these despatches relate to the nego sure, because the recognition of eminent virtue ciations carrying on between the United States and and signal worth in our fellow-citizens, is always Spain as to the purchase of the Floridas. It is grateful; and is peculiarly so, when an occasion distinctly understood, on very good authority, that is given to repel the charge of ingratitude towards Great Britain has said to Spain, "If you choose to benefactors, too often imputed to free republics. "keep the Floridas it is well; but if you determine It is no less incumbent on a parent state, to pro"to sell them, we think we have a right to the pre-tect the weak, vindicate the oppresed, reward and "ference and we shall expect the first offer." This honor the sage or heroic citizen, than it is uns duty language has offended and embarrassed the court to devote to her freedom, independence and happiof Madrid, although we do not believe it will in ness, the powers he possesses. By a generous influence its determination; indeed, we feel confident terchange of these mutual obligations, the strongest that that determination is made, and is now in the ties of patriotic affection are nourished on the one United States. We come to this conclusion from hand; and, on the other, the best security of public a knowledge of the fact that the Spanish minister, rights is acquired. Don Onis, has at this moment in his possession SEALED DESPATCHES from his court, which despatches he is directed not to open until the meeting of congress!!!

Men of pure and honorable sentiments will always be deemed the property of their country; and will easily be induced to make her cause their own, when she freely consecrates their virtues.

The public character of a state thus becomes identified in the page of civil or martial history, with that of her distinguished sons.

As to the Floridas-the people are universally anxious to become citizens of the United States. On a strong rumor sometime ago that a transfer of sovereignty was about to be made, Among the illustrious events of the late war, there was a general rise of property of from commodore Isaac Hull, a native of this state, ap. 3 to 400 per cent. "And this, at least, should and to have thrown a blaze of glory around its naval pears peculiarly to have distinguished his fortunes, be done if spain cannot defend those posses- victories, which glowed to the close of that momentsions, the United States must, provisionally, Jous period.

take charge of them, in self-defence. Amelia, To manners mild and conciliating, a temper amiafamous for something very much like smug and a reputation wholly unblemished in private ble and resolute, a mind clear and well balanced, gling during the embargo, &c. by "pious and life, this gentleman has added a coolness and intregrave faced" men, inward, as the Aurora has pedity in scenes of danger, apparently hopeless, it, and during the war, rendered the depot of which enabled him to bring into action all the resmugglers, inward and outward, is now the sources of his singular nautical skill; and in the grand theatre of it, and devoted to the most dreadful time of battle and bloodshed, to exhibit objectionable of all things the introduction of the highest gallantry. slaves from Africa. A single man unarmed, but Constitution, com, Hull gave chase to a British On the 16th of July, 1812, while commanding the duly authorized by our government, is compe- frigate. The wind was too light for him to overtent to take and keep possession of Amelia take her before night. The night was calm --?When morning appeared, he found himself within The editors of the National Intelligencer say-gun-shot of a British frigate, a schooner, a brig, "So far from any treaty or compact having been three other frigates, and a ship of the line. A dead concluded for the cession of Florida by Spain to calm still prevailed. The condition of the Conthe United States, we are under the impression stitution was apparently hopeless. Deeming her that no official communications have passed bees cape impossible, all the boats of the British tween the two governments on the subject." squadron were immediately attached to two fr

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gates, which gained and fired upon the Constitution. Their fire was returned; and such was the skill, coolness and intrepidi y, with which the commodore manœuvred his ship, that after a chase of sixty-four hours, in which his brave officers and crew remained at their quarters without a murmur, the gallant commodore almost incredibly brought off his ship, and effected his escape.

2d lieutenant W. M'Clintock, to be 1st lieutenant, 24th October, 1817, vice Lent, dismissed. 3d lieutenant James Monroe, to be 2d lieutenant, 2d May, 1817, vice Roberts, deceased.

3d lieutenant Robert C. Brent, to be 2d lieutenant, 13th May, 1817, vice Prince, promoted.

3d lieutenant George A. Washington, to be 21 lieutenant, 13th May, 1817, vice Brown, deceased. 3d lieutenant Robert J. Scott, to be 2d lieutenant, 15th June, 1817, vice Bache, promoted.

3d lieutenant Francis N. Berrier, to be 2d lieuter

On the nineteenth of August following, having in command the same fortunate ship, commodore Hull fell in with the British frigate Guerriere, carrying in fact 49 guns, and about the size of the Con-ant, 19th June, 1817, vice Neville promoted. stitution. The enemy attacked her. The commo- 3d lieutenant Alexander F. Cochran, to be 20 dore received the tremendous fire with coolness, lieutenant, 5th August, 1817, vice Massey, pro and obtained by his skill a favorable position within pistol shot. In thirty minutes, he dismasted the enemy, swept his decks, reduced him to a wreck, and captured the frigate.

The committee take leave to submit to the consideration of the assembly, a resolve accompanying this report.

Respectfully-Per Order,

JAMES LANMAN, Chairman.

moted.

3d lieutenant Milo Johnson, to be 2d lieutenant, 5th August, 1817, vice Dennis, dismissed.

3d lieutenant Robert M. Forsyth, to be 2d lientenant, 8th September, 1817, vice Bosque, dropped. 3d lieutenant Thomas W. Lendrum, to be 21 lieutenant, 30th Sept. 1817, vice Denton promoted. 3d lieutenant James Spencer, to be 21 lieutenant, 29th September, 1817, vice Anthony, promoted. 3d lieutenant Isaac A. Adams, to be 2d lieuten

Resolved by this assembly, That they entertain a high and respectful sense of the virtues, gallantry, ant, 14th October, 1817, vice Earle, deceased. and naval skill, of their fellow citizen, commodore Sd lieutenant Wm. M. Graham, to be 21 lieuIsaac Hull: that an elegant sword and a pair of pis-tenant, 24th October, 1817, vice M'Clintock, protols, both mounted with gold, with suitable inscrip- moted.

tions, and manufactured in this state, be procured; 3d lieutenant James D. Graham, to be 21 liegand that his excellency the governor be respectfully tenant, S1st October, 1817, vice Gigniliat, resigned. requested to present the same to the commodore 3d lieutenant Charles Dispenville, to be 2d lieuwith a copy of this resolve, as honorary tokens of the tenant, 31st October, 1817, vice Graffenriedle, rebigh esteem in which he is held by the people of signed. this state, for his personal worth and public servi ces: and that his excellency be requested to do this in a manner which he shall deem most expressive of the sincerity of that esteem,

Army of the United States.

Adj. and insp. general's office, Nov. 1, 1817.

GENERAL ORDEN.

Promotions and appointments to fill vacancies in the army of the United States.

ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT.

1st lieutenant Rufus L. Baker, to be captain, 21st May, 1817, vice Campbell, dismissed.

FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 1st lieutenant William C. Beard, to be captain, 1st May, 1817, vice Baker, resigned.

1st lieutenant William Sumpter, to be captain 31st May, 1817, vice Butler, resigned.

24 lieutenant Waddy V. Čobbs, to be 1st lieutenant, 15th April, 1817, vice Ross, resigned. 24 lieutenant Samuel Houston, to be 1st lieutenant, 1st May, 1817, vice Beard, promoted.

2 lieutenant William K. Paulling, to be 1st ligu tenant, 31st May, 1817, vice Sumpter, promoted.

SECOND REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.

1st lieutenant W. Browning, to be captain, 1st November, 1817, vice Steele, resigned.

2d lieutenant Robert M. Harrison, to be 1st lieu tenant, 1st November, 1817, vice Browning, pro.

2d lieutenant John W. Thompson, to be 1st lieutenant, 21st of May, 1817, vice Bakor, promoted. 3d lieutenant James Simpson, to be 2d lieute-moted. nant, 21st May, 1817, vice Thompson, promoted.

CORPS OF ENGINEERS.

1st lieutenant Frederick Lewis, to be captain, 1st October, 1817, vice Cutbush, resigned. 2d lieutenant J. L. Smith, to be 1st lieutenant, 1st October, 1817, vice Lewis, promoted.

Brevet 2d lieutenant R. W. Pooler, to be 2d lieutenant, 1st October, 1817, vice Smith, promoted.

COBPS OF ARTILLERY.

1st lieutenant John Farley, to be captain, 19th June, 1817, vice Biddle, assistant inspector general. 2d lieutenant Joseph P. Prince to be 1st lieutenant, 13th May, 1817, vice Spencer, deceased.

2d lieutenant Richard Bache, to be 1st lieutenant, 15th June, 1817, vice Randall resigned.

2d lieutenant P. J. Neville, to be 1st lieutenant, 19th June, 1817, vice Farley, promoted.

2d lieutenant M. S. Massey, to be 1st lieutenant, 5th August, 1817, vice. Goodę, dismissed.

2d lieutenant T. W. Denton, to be 1st lieutenant, 30th September, 1817, vice Coffie.

2d lieutenant Charles Anthony, to be 1st lieutenant, 29th September, 1817, více M'Kenzie, deceased.

THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY,

1st lieutenant John Garland, to be captain, 7th May, 1817, vice Adair, resigned.

2d lieutenant John B. Clark, to be 1st lieutenant, 7th May, 1817, vice Garland, promoted:

2d lieutenant Edward E. Brooks, to be 1st-lieutenant, 1st June, 1817, vice Conway, resigned.

FOURTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.

1st lieutenant John M'Gavock, Jr. to be captain, 31st May, 1817, vice Callis, resigned. ́ ́

1st lieutenant James II. Gale, to be captain 31st July, 1817, vice Neilson, resigned.

2d lieutenant John C. Wells, to be 1st lieutenant, 31st May, 1817, vice M'Gavock, promoted.

2d lieutenant Francis W. Brady, to be 1st lieu tenant, 31st July, 1817, vice Gale, promoted. 2d lieutenant John R. Clark, to be 1st lieutenant, 31st October, 1817, vice Randolph, resigned.

FIFTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.

24 lieutenant Oliphant Martin, to be first lieuteḥant, 1st July, 1817, vice Hovey, resigned.

SEVENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY.

1st lieutenant Willam Bee, jr. to be captain, th April, 1817, vice Armstrong, resigned.

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