SENTENCE OE THE COURT. An Importing Company, with a capital of three vooate, Daniel S. Dexter, esq. a master commandant millions, is about to be established in Baltimore. in the navy of the United States and the command. Its object is to afford a seasonable, regular and ing naval officer of the station at Erie, was tried full supply of goods from all parts of the world, upon charges, and specifications of the same, per. for the country trade, on the most liberal terms.ferred against him by lieut. John A. Wish, of the The character of the gentlemen who have embark United States navy. ed in this grand undertaking, gives us the most fa vorable prospects of its complete success-to the The court, after maturely deliberating on the advantage of the stockholders, and in securing for estimony in support of the charges and specificathe city of Baltimore its rightful share of the traditions of charges, perferred against Daniel S. Dexter, of the interior. Its business will be conducted by master commandant, United States navy, by lieut. men of high minds and extended views. Wish, unanimously acquit him, in a full and honor. able manner, it not appearing to said court that any censure should attach to his conduct as com manding officer. ROBT. T. SPENCE, president. Ralph Marlin, judge advocate. Naval-It is reported that captain Morris leaves the Congress frigate, and is to take command of the Java, now lying at Boston; and that the sloops Lynx and Prometheus, in this harbor, will soon proceed to the gulph of Mexico. The preceding sentence of the general court marThe U. S. brig Saranac has detained a schoonertial has been approved, and master commandant bearing the Mexican flag, in consequence of her Daniel S. Dexter ordered to reassume the command commission not appearing genuine. of the station at Erie. Rarities. A woman was lately executed for the INDIAN TREATY-We understand that a treaty murder of an infant child, at Hudson, N. Y.-it is was signed at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami remarked that the gallows erected for her was the of Lake Erie, on the 29th ult. by gov. Cass and first that had ever been seen at or near that city. gen. M'Arthur, commissioners appointed by the A man committed a robbery on the road, in Ver-president of the United States, and the chiefs of mont, and is noted as the first footpad in the state. the Wyandot, Delaware, Shawanoes, Seneca, OttoPennsylvania election.-The returns received way, Chippewa and Potowa'amy tribes of Indians; give a majority of about 6000 to Mr. Findlay, whose by which these tribes have ceded to the United election is certain. His whole majority may rise States all the lands which they claimed within the from 10 to 12,000. When the returns are complete limits of the state of Ohio we shall give the votes of the several counties. It is understood that the Indians now residing Missouri election.-The following is the official re-on the ceded lands will not remove from them, but turn of the votes taken at the late election for a will remain and be subject, consequently, to the delegate to congress for the territory of Missouri-laws of the state of Ohio, and those of the United Counties. St. Louis Scott. Easton. Gen. Jackson. A report has been circulated that the hero of New Orleans had been killed in duel. We are happy to believe there was no foundation for it. It was erroneously stated that Mr. Brackenridge had left the United States in the sloop of war Ontario. He is now at Washington city. The National Intelligencer intimates that that vessel is bound for a cruise "on the American coast of the Pacific ocean." States. They have reserved to themselves within the ceded territory a number of separate tracts of land, amounting altogether to about three hundred thousand acres, which is to be held by them in feesimple, under a patent from the president of the United States, and subject to be alienated with his approbation, but to be exempted from taxation, so long as it remains Indian property. This treaty, whether considered in its fiscal, political, or moral effects, may be considered as one of the most important which has ever been entered into with our red brethren. The quantity of land acquired is between seven and eight millions of acres, equal in quality and situation to any other tract of land, of similar extent, in the United States, and which will, from the facility afforded to emigrants from the New-England states, and that of New-York, by means of the lake naviga tion, be settled with an unexampled rapidity, and will bind together and strengthen the whole extent of our north-west frontier, in such a manner as to make the acquisition, in a military point of view, invaluable. The governor of New-York has recommended Thursday, the 13th day of November next, to be The treaty lately concluded with the Cherokees, observed by the inhabitants of that state as a day of and that now alluded to, forms the commencement thanksgiving and prayer to the Almighty God for his of a system by which the white and red population manifold blessings and gracious dispensations. of our country will be amalgamated by a gradual Cotton.-Frauds in the packing of cotton are still spoken of. Why do not the legislatures of the southern states adopt some measure to preserve the character of their great staple? Sales of cotton at Charleston, Oct. 15-Sea island 45, Santec, &c. 40 a 41, short staple 29 a 30; middling 26 a 27. but sure process; the foundation of which was laid by Mr Jefferson, when he introduced his system for the promotion of civilization among the Indians; a system that has diffused among them a knowledge of the value of property, created a corresponding desire to appropriate it specifically, and impressed them with the necessity of adequate laws for its protection. From the National Intelligencer.-At a general court martial, convened at Erie, Pa. on the 11th day of September, 1817, and by adjournment until the 16th day of the same month, of which Robert T. Spence, esq. a captain in the United States navy, was president, and Ralph Marlin, esq. judge ad-ed to by the government. These treaties were entered into under instruc tions, issued through the department of war, and will evince to the citizens of the western states that their essential interests are understood and attende [Nat. Int. 1 NEW SERIES. NO 10-VoLI] BALTIMORE, NOVEM. 1, 1817. [No. 19-Vor. XIII. WHOLE No.322 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. Colonization of the free blacks. A very friendly fracter or talents are entirely his own-they and polite writer, who "has agreed with me most are the property of the circle within which he cordially in sentiment upon every general subject moves: and every one may be respectively calthat I have touched with my pen, since he has been led upon to exert them for the common benefit a reader of the Register," except my remarks on the "colonization-scheme," has addressed a long of his sphere. and ingenious letter to me through the Delaware Impressed with these sentiments, I am about Watchman, in support of that plan. I have not yet to invite you to lend to the people of the United had leisure to read this letter with the respectful States, (to whom it belongs) the weight of attention that is due to it. The subject is one of your talents and character to influence the the greatest interest; and the writer may rest as sured, though a difference of opinion may exist be. education of their children—to teach them, not tween us as to the means, that there is none in our only the reverence due to their Creator in the object: and if by this essay, or any thing else that days of their youth, and the necessity of a due see or hear, I shall be convicted of error, and stand observance of the moral law, but to impress convinced that the colonization plan is competent upon their tender minds an unextinguishable to relieve us of the pressure of an evil every day love of country and a profound respect for its becoming more and more extensive, I will not only republican institutions; so that, as they come freely acknowledge it, but sincerely thank its auto maturity, they may proudly feel that they are MEN; and acknowledge no superior but GOD and the law. thor as a benefactor of the human race. National Education. RESPECTFULLY ADDRESSED TO THOMAS JEFFER- "Delightful task to rear the tender thought, I have exerted myself a little, according to the ability afforded, and I trust not without It is not a common occasion, venerable fa-some profit, to build up a NATIONAL CHARACTER thers of the republic, that could induce me to --but "the work is great and the laborers are prefix your names to a public address. In my es- few." I am much encouraged, however, by the timation, there is something in it that may make belief that a proud monument is erecting in me liable to be considered indiscreet, if not im- the hearts of my countrymen, sacred to freepertinent, by some who will not take the trou- doin; pledged to perpetuate the principles of ble to ascertain whether I am influenced by an the revolution,and to preserve inviolate those of honest intention, or not. I am unwilling to be our invaluable system of government. In this suspected of either of these, towards you-and glorious edifice, I would entomb party distine yet when I regard the vast importance (in my tions, whenever the republic should be assailed. opinion) of the matter that I have to propose, "A difference of opinion is not always a differand feel the weakness of my powers to press ence of principle," as to the choice of men and it upon you as I think it deserves, I am truly measures; but I sincerely deprecate the unsafe humbled. There is no affectation in this-se-state of things which must inevitably grow out veral gentlemen in the United States can pro- of a too easy yielding up of our wills to the duce evidence in my own hand-writing, that I wills of others. A manly and intelligent oppohave long entreated them to undertake that sition is the life of liberty-without it, the most which I am now about to do-they have unani- active and generous form of government will mously, and in very flattering terms, approved sink into a dangerous calm, the precursor of of the project, while they referred it back to unprincipled faction or finished despotism; myself,calling upon me to lay it before you and but there is a point at which opposition ought my countrymen, for consideration. Thus si- to cease, and "all, at the call of the law, should uated, the only alternative is to abandon one rally round the standard of the law, and unite of the fondest wishes of my heart, or to attempt in common efforts for the common good." But to excite an interest in favor of it. how is this point-this most important, most There are very few men that live for them- essential point, to be discovered, in the bustle selves, or belong to themselves, only. Some of party and phrenzy of faction? I can see no isolated individuals, like specks in the great other way than through an appeal to the hearts ocean, are so barren of ought that is good, as to and consciences of men-and as these are exempt them from this general remark: but we much moulded by EDUCATION, "for as the twig belong to our families-to neighborhoods-to is bent the tree's inclined," how interesting counties-to states to nations, and to the is it that that education should be properly world, according to ou. different abilities to conducted that its elementary principles serve the human race. Hardly any man's cha-Ishould lead to a love and inspire a pride of Voz. XII-10. Country! Like a rock, planted by the Eternal requires the wisest heads and ablest hands in in the great deep, it will resist the buffetings the republic. To effect it, it seems to me most of nations, or bear the eagle-banner to the needful that we should begin with the estabmountains' tops, if the vallies and plains should lishment of first principles; which, as the Dehow to an oppressor. But you, gentlemen, claration of Independence, shall be the base of require none of my arguments to convince you all the rest---the common reference in cases of of these things. doubt and difficulty. Our nation is young-we are but just sepa- The compilation of these books, from the rated from a country whose rule of action and abundant materials that may so easily be ob habits of thinking are much the reverse of what tained, with your mature judgment and nice our's should be. We have not yet had time, discrimination, would not much interfere with perhaps, to ascertain all that is needful to us the repose that you have so richly car madrand, in our national capacity; and it is hard to break stamped with the authority of either of your through old rules. however erroneous they may names, would instantly supersede most miners appear to the few that trouble themselves with used in our schools. So great would be the investigating their operation. We are too gene- confidence of parents in these works, that they rally disposed to do a thing which our fathers would, unreservedly, direct them to be put did before us, because they did it; shrinking into the hands of their offspring, "the hope of from the labor of examining for ourselves.-posterity;" assured, that while their literary Hence it is peculiarly the duty of the few, education was accomplishing, they would when they observe that the ancient tract (though also learn their duty to themselves and their originally good) from time or circumstance, country, as men and citizens. The books that ought no longer to be foliowed, not only to I would wish to see written or compiled, are, expose its errors or imperfections, but also to plainly, a spelling-book and a reading-book. direct the many to a new one that may be tra- If I could suppose there was any thing in velled safely. this request derogatory to the dignity of your Much has been accomplished by the general characters, I entreat you to believe that I am devotion of the people-by a wise administra- one of the last men in the United States that tion of their public affairs, and by the courage would prefer it. On the contrary, and after and skill of the army and navy of the United the best reflection I could give to the subject, States, to exalt the character of our country I have firmly believed, that such performances and countrymen: but the pride which these have by you would have a mighty effect to hand Austly excited is not yet fully rooted: the warm down your names to future ages, as rivals for Teelings of patriotism that burst forth from such the fame of Socrates and Plato; and give a causes will be deadened as Time lays his hand finish to your reputation as philosophical statesupon them, unless we seize him by the forelock men. It is the glory, the imperishable glory, while we impart them to our children. And of the greatest men of antiquity, that they were this, in my opinion, can be the most certainly instructors of youth; that they taught, even as done through our common schools-in the very it were in the market place, those doctrines A. B. C. of manhood. I solicit you to pene- which have given them to immortality. We trate these, by giving to us two or three ele- ask not this labor of you, venerable fathers--mentary books, fitted to lead our children to we only ask from you the introduction of a line moral and political truth and virtue. of principles by which our children shall be Without condemning en masse the books taught. All men will agree that you are com generally used in our schools, it may safely be petent---most competent, to this; and when the said, that for the false principles of men and weight of your character is superadded to the things which so much abound in the United excellency of your talents and the power of States, we are more indebted to the use of books your acquirements, the tout ensemble of the efcarelessly put into the hands of our youth, fect will be irresistible. How can it be a falling than to any thing else. Many of them are off from the dignity of the author of the Deexpressly calculated to inspire a belief in the claration of Independence, that he was also the "divine right of kings," and the train of silly author of a plan to perpetuate its inestimable notions that are pendant on this grand absur-principles?---or that he, under whose adminis dity. These books, if not always of foreign tration his country rose into a blaze of glory, product, very generally possess foreign feel-in the shades of retirement devoted a part of ings-for he must fear the lash of criticism his leisure to keep the flame alive?---that one that dares to diverge from the line laid down by who had been twice elected chief magistrate our British masters in literature, who rule as of the republic by the deliberate ballot of its absolute in this department as they once did citizens, and who passed into the ranks of priin the political. We seek a new revolution, vate life, after two periods of service, with his not less important, perhaps, in its consequences than that of 1776-a revolution in letters; a shaking off of the fetters of the mind: and, like the political dismemberment from England, it own free will, felt himself inclined to lend his support to those rules of action under which his country had prospered, and he himself received the highest honors that it was in the power of his countrymen to bestow? This ap-imprison Napoleon Bonaparte at St. Helena, plies to either of you, and the request is made and falls short of what the people of that counjointly, or severally, that you would undertake try pay to Charlotte Guelph and her Dutch the things proposed. husband for their services in endeavoring to One more remark, and I have done. This increase a breed of men so long noted for proaddress is made publicly, because in my private bity, wisdom and valor—still we are not withcharacter I would not have presumed to hope out some reasons for pointed censure and seto induce a compliance with the request that is vere reproof. One family, it is stated, without made. But, perhaps, I may have struck a string any peculiar merits, has managed to monopo that is in unison with the feelings of the peopie: lize several offices and situations, chiefly at if such is my good fortune, success is almost ashington, whose united product is 20,000 certain---for, it is my opinion, that neither of dollars, per annum; one man holds two offices you will resist the general wish of your fellow-for appointments, each producing about 5000₫ citizens, in a case like this. a year; and there are other odious and disgust With the most sincere desires, that the evening pluralities, with liberal salaries to each.→ ing of your days may be as happy as the dawn I am inclined to believe that these things were and meridian of your lives have been bene-not adverted to by government until after the ficial to your country, I am, your very respect-"Register," the blue book, was published, and ful and grateful friend, it has been intimated to me, that the procedure The Editor of the Weekly Register. will be corrected. Indeed, there is something "The Red Book." FROM THE LONDON STAR. in it so repugnant to the equality that prevails, as, we think, ought to dismiss any administration that will indulge in it, after being made sensible that the fact exists. The Register is Economical Societies. "The American Journalists, like our own, are cry-directed to be published biennially, and the ing up the necessity of economy. To prove their people will thereby discover how their money position, they are publishing the whole contents of is appropriated. I have heretofore expressed the Republican Red Book. The president has 25,000 and the vice president 5000 a year-Pounds? my opinion that the salaries of our officers and No, Dollars-The salaries of the officers in the agents were generally too low-but that opistate department are 17,096 dollars-in the treasu- nion does not apply to the case of any of the ry 16,0 10, &c. &c.-They appear therefore to have persons now alluded to. great cause of complaint; for in one way and another the grand total of the salaries of the officers and clerks employed, at Washing on, absolutely) amounts to 351,887 per annum-almost 90,000 We have been much interested with an accout pounds sterling!-This is almost as much as it costs England to keep BONA ARTE at St. Helena." of the "Brighton Cattle shew," and by the proceed. The "Red Look" alluded to, so far as Igs of the "Berkshire Agricultural Society," Loth in Mass. The details are too long, and have not, have seen copies of it, and I have seen several, perhaps, enough of general interest, for insertion-is a green book, o: a blue book, if my eyes have but some notices of them may encours rige the estale not deceived me as to the color of the leather lishment of similar associations in other places, and in which it was bound. The British register the effect must be salutary. of offices and agents has descriptively receiv At the BRIGHTON CATTLE SHEW, many fine animals ed the name of the "red book," because it is al-were exhibited for premiums. ways done up in red leather: but in respect to such a register for the United States, we are so reluctant to use any thing that is not imported -so little zealous to have any thing characteristic of us as a separate and independent people, so little inclined to risk the displeasure of there was an interesting trial of expedition and skill; Aft these, here was a ploughing match, in which our "British masters" in all that relates to and some of the ploughs were much approved. books, that our edito: s have unceremoniously. The premiumas were then awarded for manufac and even undirected, declared that green was tures-woolen and cotion cloths, coverlids, shawis, red. Hence the erro. of the British editor, al-stockings, carpeting, naine siks, &c. of very suluding to certain things that he had seen in our perior qualities, were exhibited. Among them, newspapers. What a pity it is that we cannot have any thing of our own. Among them a pair of oxen, expected to weigh 3000 lb. each--some other very large and fat oxen-fine bulls and cows, hogs and sheep; all shewing the improvement that may be made in the breed of these animals by a pro. per attention. A few foreign animals were also exhibited among them a very excellent cow. some cotton goods from the Wai han factory,—at which there are 60 looms in operation by water, and where 151,947 yards of cloth were wove in the In the contrast presented there is much to last 20 preceding weeks: and a perfect pair of gratify American feeling-and, although the women's shoes, made of the skin of goat, who was whole amount of monies paid to the president killed between 12 and 1 o'clock in the night of the United States, and all the high officers between the 13th and 14th ult. and whose hide was perfecty manufactured and converted into the of government with all their assistants and shoes exhibited at half past 2 o'clock, P. M. of the clerks, for transacting the business of the na-sarne day. tion, is not equal to what it costs England to Then followed the premiums for some interesting agricultural experiments--one was given for 752 lead. But let me be more distinct in stating the bushels of carrots raised on an acre of ground- proposition and inference, which I understand to another for 720 bushels of turnips on an acre; a third be admitted by him.-Commodore Hillyar has been for 402 bushels of potatoes on an acre, and a fourth guilty of a base violation of every principle of hofor 36 1-16 bushels of wheat to the acre, threshed nor and generosity, and moreover wantonly and out, cleaned and measured. treacherously imbrued his hands in blood-but The business of the day concluded by bestowing com. Hillyar is among the most honorable of Bripremiums for improved implements of husbandry-tish naval officers. Now, what is the syllogistic among them were threshing machines, ploughs conclusion, but that even the very best of British and cutting machines. naval officers are base, treacherous and cruel? I The BERKSHIRE SOCIETY has long been known to am aware that much is due to the consideration the public, and the great benefits that have result- that com Porter was marked out as the peculiar ed to the neighboring country from it are mani-object of British indignation and outrage-a dis fested in its rapid improvement. It has excited a tinction which I agree with the Weekly Register most happy competition among the farmers and was honorable to him-and had this sweeping anamanufacturers, and the time of its meeting is the thema been hurled at his adversaries before the "Farmer's holiday." A spirit of industry, and of termination of the war when the remembrance of his rivalry, has penetrated every branch of the farmer's wrongs was fresh, it might readily have been placed family and his wife and daughters labor with a to the account of a noble and exasperated spirit. pleasing and profitable enthusiasm, to obtain a sil--But I hope the commodore will pardon me, if at ver cup or set of spoons, the most general premi- this late period, when the passions kindled in the ums of this society. Its meetings are held with late war have in a degree subsided and men have much dignity and considerable ceremony, and nu- leisure to survey past events with an unprejudiced merously attended by both sexes-being opened by eye, I cannot agree with him to involve ia indisprayer, after which an appropriate address is deli- criminate censure and reprobation-a particular vered, and some pieces of fine music performed. class of men, commencing with the really generous Upwards of forty premiums were awarded at the late and humane and passing through every shade and meeting, and one honorary diploma was granted-gradation of guilt to the vile and dishonorable— for various products of agriculture, the best do- Nay, I doubt very much whether such a course of mestic animals, and sundry manufactures: in the undistinguishing vituperation, does not weaken the latter, the ladies carried off nine of the prizes-effort to fix upon the really guilty, the stain of meone of them received a cream pot, valued at 20 dol-rited infamy-In justification therefore of the unlars, for having manufactured, in her FAMILY, wool- willingness which I felt to place that construction en, cotton and other cloths of the value of 250 dol-upon the commodore's note, which he has himself lars, since the last anniversary of the society. We most heartily wish success to these institutions-may every county,in every state of the union, have a centre point from whence emulation, the great principle that leads to improvement, shall How, to add to the prosperity and secure the inde pendence of the republic! avowed, permit me to furnish you with a few examples among many others, going to shew that some British naval officers at least are not only free from the odium which attaches to the greater num ber, but are actually entitled to our respect and admiration for their gallant, humane and honorable conduct. For this purpose I will confine myself to a single volume of the Weekly Register, not havCommodores Porter and Hillyar. ing leisure to examine the rest-And first, let us advert to a correspondence between commodore The editor of the "Enquirer" has republished our Porter himself and captain T. M. P. Langhorne, remarks on a presumed discrepancy in the opi- commander of the British sloop of war Alert, after nions of com. Porter respecting com. Hillyar, who, the capture of that vessel. (W. R. vol. 3, p. 42)— with the Phabe and Cherub, captured our little The commodore having a number of prisoners, frigate the Essex, at Valparaiso, and with it the proposed to his adversary, that the Alert should be following remarks from his correspondent, who fitted out as a cartel to convey them to some Brifirst agitated the matter. We regret that it was tish port, but that himself should be detained as a agitated-for it has provoked some remarks in hostage for the fulfilment of the terms of the carexplanation, which, though generally just, might tel. Captain Langhorne remonstrates against what as well not have been made, at present: And he calls "an indirect suspicion against the faith of here, we hope, that the affair may be permitted the British government," and Porter finally agreed that he should have liberty to proceed with the pri soners, stating, that he had sufficiently evinced in Sir-I perceive by the last number of the Week- two former instances "that he entertained the highRegister, that the editor has republished the est confidence in the honor and faith of the British Communication made by me to the Enquirer, rela-government, as respects the fulfilment of contracts tive to commodores PORTER and HILLYAR, together entered into by their officers."-Now, I do not with commodore Porter's explanation extracted contend that commodore Porter might not with from the National Intelligencer, accompanied by propriety have used this language at this timeSome strictures from Mr. Niles himself. This lat-being early in the war and before he could have ter gentleman with an ingenuity peculiar to him-had sufficient experience of the enemy's conduct: self, and an ardor for which his useful and patriotic but this arrangement with captain Langhorne, fabors have been distinguished, attempts to recon- proves, that he had confidence in the honor of that cile the apparently conflicting declarations of the officer-and upon that confidence gave him his licommodore, by adopting an alternative which 1berty; and we have never understood that captain think, upon cool reflection, his mature and impar L. did not punctually comply with his engagements. tial judgment would disavow. Nay, I am sure that the chivalrous and high minded Porter himself would not be willing to adopt the consequences, în their full extent, to which his explanation might to rest. TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER. Again-neither the Weekly Register nor com. Porter have surely forgotten, that Decatur, after the capture of the Macedonian, refused the sword but took the hand of captain Carden, in token of |