The Romans came into contact with the Samnites through the expansion of their territory, which, it will be remembered, had been continuous. Samnium was the only rival power left in Italy and looked with jealousy upon the growing domains of Rome. As regards strength and resources the contestants were about evenly matched, but the Roman power was more centralized while that of the Samnites was scattered, dispersed over a wide expanse of territory. This concentration of force on the part of the Romans was largely to account for the victory of the latter. The Second Samnite War lasted from 327 B. C. to 304 B. C. and by it Rome acquired still further possessions. In 311 B. C. occurred the last struggle with the Etruscans. At this time the consul, Quintus Fabius, afterwards called Maximus, pursued the enemy through the Ciminian forest, overcame them and returned. The whole region of this forest being absolutely strange to the Romans, this performance was regarded as a notable achievement. This war period in Rome was also marked by political changes. In the city none but landowners could belong to the tribes and this disqualified many from political privileges. Appius Claudius, a patrician, as censor, championed the cause of these people and by sheer audacity succeeded in exercising his office alone, and for a longer period of time than was customary. When he made up the list of Senators, a duty then entrusted to the censor, he placed on it the names of sons of freedmen. Patrician Rome was horrified and the consul would not confirm the appointments. Appius Claudius also attempted to make property of any kind, instead of exclusively land property, a basis for political qualifications. This rule held until the censorship of Quintus Fabius who established a law whereby a distinction was made between the rural land-owners and the urban land-owners. The rural tribes were to contain only land-owners; all other citizens were to be rated and to vote in the city tribes. Through the energies of Appius Claudius Rome obtained her first regular supply of water by means of the Appian aqueduct. This censor also had the Appian Way built, the first military road, from Rome to Capua. T In the Third Samnite War the powers of Italy joined forces to prevent the threatening supremacy of Rome. Rome was again victorious and again new territory was added. But as in the case of the Gallic invasion, these wars had left the peasants destitute. Once more there was a secession of the plebs and the matter was not settled until the Hortensian law was put into force, by which the plebeian assembly was invested with the power of making laws valid for all the citizens. After this the assembly, presided over by the tribunes, became the law-making body proper. As the government now stood the Senate was composed of three hundred members, the list made up by the censors from the names of those who held high office and those who were considered competent. Unless degraded by later censors these Senators held their places for life. The power of Rome now extended over all Italy except the northern portion, where were the Gallic tribes and the southern cities of Magna Graecia. At the head of these last was the Spartan colony of Tarentum, a city of prosperity and democratic government. It was this city that made the last effort to check the domination of Rome. By a former treaty the Romans could not send ships beyond the Lacinian promontory. The treaty was broken by the emboldened Romans and a Roman fleet appeared in the harbor of Tarentum. War ensued and Pyrrhus was placed at the head of the Tarentines. Pyrrhus brought a large force with him from the east. The first battle took place at Heraclea. Here the Romans were defeated, but their manner of fighting induced Pyrrhus to send an ambassador with terms of peace. This ambassador, Cineas, was an orator and he impressed the Romans greatly, but they rejected the peace proposition notwithstanding. Numerous of the lesser Italian nations now joined forces with the enemy and Rome once more suffered defeat at Asculum. A break in hostilities now occurred, then the final and decisive battle of the war took place and Pyrrhus was routed at Beneventum. The cities of Magna Graecia now came under Roman domination, and the supremacy of Rome in Italy was assured. With the August Magazines HE August magazines are nearly all fiction numbers, and some of the titles promise well. The best of our authors seem to have been secured, as if a special inducement were needed, as we fear it is, for hot-weather readers. Interesting serials include "Fair Margaret," by F. Marion Crawford in "Munsey's;" "The Occultation of Florian Amidor," by Herbert Quick, in the "Cosmo politan:" "The House of Mirth," Mrs. Wharton's story, in "Scribner's;" "The Conquest of Caanan," by Mr. Tarkington in "Harper's," and "Outside the Law," by James Barnes in the "Metropolitan." The short stories have been contributed by James Branch Cabell, Alice Brown, Mary E. Wilkins-Freeman and Richard Le Gallienne, in "Harper's" in "Smart Set" Mrs. Burton Harrison writes a novelette, "The Carlyles," and the shorter tales are by Richard Le Gallienne, Elizabeth Jordan, Edna Kenton and Emery Pottle. Mr. Kipling has in the "Century" the first installment of a two-part story, and in "Ainslee's" a novelette by Edith MacVane appears. The "Scribner" authors comprise J. B. Connelly, Edward Townsend, Carter Goodloe, Nelson Lloyd and Lucia Chamberlain, Francis Lynde and Kate Jordan in the "Cosmopolitan;" Guy Wetmore Carryl, Alfred Henry Lewis, Joel Harris, Philip Verrill Mighels and Caroline Duer in the "Metropolitan" and Myra Kelly, Arthur Train, Booth Tarkington and O. Henry in "McClure's" make up the important portion of the list. B' The remainder of Miss Tarbell's study of Rockefeller appears in "McClure's " the first installment of Mr. Alfred Henry Lewis's "Story of Paul Jones" is in the "Metropolitan;" in "Harper's" Richard Harding Davis writes "The Passing of San Juan Hill," and in "Munsey's" Edgar Saltus has another article in the series "The Czars of Russia," this one "Ivan the Terrible.' There is poetry by Arthur Stringer and "Masters in Music" for August will have for the subjects, Bellini and Donizetti. Best-Selling Books EST-SELLERS are scarcely in order during vacation days. The falling off in the publishing business, always conspicuous in the summer months, makes but few new books for the list. Within the last few weeks the novel by the author of "The Garden of a Commuter's Wife," Mr. London's "The Game," and "The Dark Lantern" are the only really new books of fiction that have come into prominence. Among new general works, "The Sunny Side of the Street" and "Young Japan" are already in demand. "Sandy," "The Garden of Allah," "The Marriage of William Ashe," "The Opening of Tibet" and "De Profundis" continue in a fortunate career. These promise to be record-breakers. At Wanamaker's, Philadelphia. FICTION: The Master Mummer. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. The Quakeress. By Max Adeler. At the Sign of the Red Fox. By the author of "The Garden of a Commuter's Wife." Constance Trescot. By S. Weir Mitchell. The Garden of Allah. By Robert Hichens. The Princess Passes. By A. M. and C. N. The Dark Lantern. By Elizabeth Robins. MISCELLANEOUS: The Sunny Side of the Street. By Marshall P. Wilder. The Life Worth Living. By Thomas Dixon, At Wanamaker's, New York. The Garden of Allah. By Robert Hichens. The Princess Passes. By A. M. and C. N. The Marriage of William Ashe. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. Constance Trescot. By S. Weir Mitchell. The Divine Fire. By May Sinclair. MISCELLANEOUS: Iconoclasts. By James Huneker. The Freedom of Life. By Annie Payson Call. The Opening of Tibet. By Perceval Landon. Another Hardy Garden. By Helena Rutherford Ely. Bird Neighbors. At Little, Brown & Company, Boston. FICTION: The Master Mummer. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. The Breath of the Gods. By Sidney McCall. Partners of the Tide. By Joseph Lincoln. MISCELLANEOUS: Italian Letters of a Diplomat's Wife. By Science and Immortality. By William Osler. The Autobiography of Andrew D. White. The Opening of Tibet. By Perceval Landon. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS Fiction CLAIRE. By Edwin Kirkman Hart, author of "The Sleeping Sentinel of Valley Forge," etc. 12mo. Mr. Hart was in charge of the hospital exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition, and his practical experience among nurses fully qualifies him to write of them. That he has put this knowledge into a romance, giving, in addition to facts, a charming little love-story, only makes the book more desirable, and the chances are that many will not only be benefited by reading the story, but will be well entertained besides. CELEBRITY, THE. By Winston Churchill. Paper. 12mo. Macmillan's Paper Novels. The Macmillan Company. A reprint, first published in January, 1898, and now brought out in the special paper series of 1905. It is the story of a rising young author, his haps and mishaps, the scene being laid chiefly in the West. FORSAKING ALL OTHERS. By Sylla W. Hamilton. 197 pp. 12mo. The Neale Publishing Company. A story of Sherman's march through Georgia, written with a close familiarity with the subject, the author being the daughter of General Bryan M. Thomas and the granddaughter of General Jones M. Withers. The little volume contains some gladness and much sadness, but ends happily, as all tales, even when woven in an environment of sorrow, should. LUNATIC AT LARGE, THE. By J. Storer Clouston. Authorized edition. 219 pp. 12mo. Brentano's. A novel of ingenious plot involving some amusing situations. A "sane lunatic" and a lady of rank figure prominently in the development of the story. MILLIONS OF MISCHIEF. By Headon Hill, author of "The Duke Decides," etc. Illustrated. 312 pp. 12mo. The Saalfield Publishing Company. An extravagant and impossible story of a man condemned to death, who is given his liberty in England by malcontent members of the Cabinet on condition that he assassinates the Premier, who threatens to turn them out of office. REAL WORLD, THE. By Robert Herrick. Macmillan's Paper Novels. 12mo. The Macmillan Company. A cheap issue of this novel, which first appeared in 1904. TERENCE O'ROURKE. By Louis Joseph Vance, author of "Milady of the Mercenaries," etc. Illustrated. 393 PP. 12mo. A. Wessels Co. A sheer romance which begins with an Irishman in need in Paris, puts him in command of an expedition to Africa, and ends with his triumph and success, the whole thrown together with a quick, light touch. TWENTIETH CEntury IdealisT, A. By Henry Pettit. Illustrated. 303 pp. 12mo. The Grafton Press. Written in parts, beginning with a prologue, three "parts," and closing with "The Voice of Nature." The prologue has as its theme "Inquisitive Admiration;" Part I, the Physical dominant; Part II, Mentality dominant; Part III, Spirituality dominant. Couched in the form of a novel, with varying characters and moving incidents, the volume is, after all, a discussion of mental science in all its forms. WHEELS OF CHANCE, THE. By H. G. Wells. Illustrated. Macmillan's Paper Novels. 12mo. The Macmillan Company. A reprint, first published in 1896, reprinted in 1897, with this special paper edition, June, 1905. It contains short sketches of the haps and mishaps of bicyclists. History JOURNEY OF ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA AND HIS COMPANIONS. Edited, with introduction, by Ad. F. Bandelier. 231 pp. 16mo. A. S. Barnes & Co. The first trip taken across the continent, from a point on the Sabine River to the Pacific, near the mouth of the Gulf of California, in 1528-36, by a Spanish adventurer and his companions, makes the last number of the "Trail-Makers," translated by the daughter of the explorer Bandelier. The trip included a visit to the Zuni Indians, the first account of this tribe. An introduction endeavors to connect the narrative with what is now known of the region. A brief bibliography closes the introduction of this edition, which is the third translation into English. SHAKESPEARE'S LONDON. By Henry Thew Stevenson. Illustrated. 12mo. Henry Holt & Co. 349 pp. An entertaining account of London as it must have been in the time of the master-poet. Research and appreciation have given realism, and Mr. Stevenson has contrived to create an atmosphere. The study is replete with matters of interest, though, and the pictures add greatly to the interest and value. THIRTEEN CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN HISTORY. Represented by the Edward Moran Series of thirteen historical marine paintings. By Theodore Sutro. 8vo. Thirteen paintings by Edward Moran, who died in his seventy-second year, after many years of work as a marine artist, June 9th, 1901. The paintings begin with one of the ocean, and are intended to illustrate American history from the discovery to the battle of Santiago. The reproduction in half-tone is accompanied by an account, both of the artist and his work, by Theodore Sutro, who acted as counsel for Mrs. Moran in the suit to assert her ownership of these pictures. Biography Col BOY SOLDIERS OF THE CONFEDERACY. lated by Susan R. Hull. Illustrated. 256 pp 8vo. Neale Publishing Company. This volume contains 22 illustrations and is a series of short biographies of boy soldiers who were killed and wounded in their brave fight for the South side in the civil war. Some lives are long, some very short, mere sketches, with here and there a letter interspersed, written to Mrs. Hull and containing information on the subject which she has gathered together with much industry. Replete with original material, the book will be useful for reference. MEMOIRS OF A ROYAL CHAPLAIN, 1729-1763. The correspondence of Edmund Pyle, D. D., Chaplain in Ordinary to George II, with Samuel Kerrick, D. D., Vicar of Dersingham. Annotated and edited by Albert Hartshorne. With frontispiece. 367 pp. Indexed. 8vo. John Lane. Edmund Pyle (1702-'76) was appointed Chap lain to George II in 1740 and shortly after ob tained a living. Through many years, from 1729 to 1763, he wrote familiar letters to an intimate personal friend, Samuel Kerrick, a clergyman, of some scholarship, who had a living in what was then a distant part of England, Dersingham. Through all this 34 years Pyle was writing about the inner life of the court, its politics, its intrigues, its ecclesiastical struggles and the literary men of the day. The editor has added notes of explanation from contemporary sources, so that the volume is an unusually successful summary of the social life of England in the period which preceded our own revolution. These letters are culled from some 7000 letters in twenty-eight volumes, holding the correspondence of the members of several English families. ROMANCE AND TRAGEDY OF A WIDELY-KNOWN BUSINESS MAN OF NEW YORK, THE. By himself. With frontispiece. 241 pp. 12mo. The Neale Publishing Company. Above the autographic signature appears this notice: "This special autographic edition of The Romance and Tragedy of a WidelyKnown Business Man of New York' is limited to 1000 copies, of which this volume is No. 156," and in the preface Mr. Russel explains why it was written. "To bear testimony," he says, "to the love and devotion of a noble woman; to set straight before the world certain matters now misunderstood; to give evidence of the insincerity of friendship that comes to one in prosperity, only to vanish in adversity; and also in the hope that an appreciative public will buy the book. Not all the names used are fictitious, and where the are so no effort has been made to conceal identity." assures the readers that, "although his wo have been deep, he knows now no feeling sa sorrow and regret that they should have b inflicted by his friends." The story begins w the hero as an office boy, tells his love story and his business success and failure. TT WOMAN'S CONFESSIONAL, A. By Helen Wo.jeska. 103 pp. 16mo. Life Publishing Com pany. This small, fancifully printed volume, whose apothegms first appeared in "Life" from January, 1889, to September, 1899, has selected for the nom de plume of its author a name which A preface gives suggests Helena Modjeska. her a Slav origin, transplants her from a large Bohemian estate to a lonely American farm house, and at last brings her in contact with artists in an art school. Much of the work is morbid. All is introspective and excessively Slav, but none of it is remarkable for penetration or for originality. Religion CHILD AS GOD'S CHILD, THE. By Charles W. Rishell. 181 pp. 12mo. Eaton & Mains. A plea by the professor of historical theology in the Boston University for the religious life of children, protesting against demands above their age, urging the possibility of conversion in childhood; condemning repression; reviewing the various views in regard to baptism and urging early church membership and the wise use of the Sunday school for children and the family in order to secure the early regeneration of the child. CHURCH OF CHRIST, THE. By a layman. 331 pp. Indexed. 12mo. Funk & Wagnalls Company. This anonymous discussion of Christianity follows a strongly evangelical line, laying special stress upon baptism as one of the three conditions of "pardon." Its object is to unite Christendom in a common view, and its effort is to present the fundamental characteristics of Christianity. These are almost wholly limited to the atonement and its working, little MODERN MSTERS OF PULPIT DISCOURSE. By William Cleaver Wilkinson, author of "The Epic of Saul," "The Epic of Paul," "The Epic of Moses," etc. 526 pp. 12mo. Funk & Wagnalls Co. These studies of the eminent preachers of the last half century in this country, England and France, appeared first anonymously as a running series in the "Homiletic Review." Besides these studies a number of sonnets on various clergymen are added, and two essays on Jesus and Paul. The studies of clergymen include a discussion of pulpit manner and success, touching little upon personal life. RELIGION: A CRITICISM AND A FORECAST. By G. Lowes Dickinson. 84 pp. 12mo. McClure, Phillips & Co. This is free-thinking, pure and simple. The views are those of an intelligent and earnestminded man, however, and therefore deserve respectful consideration. Still, it is not one of the books that are necessary. TIDES OF THE SPIRIT. Selections from the writings of James Martineau. Edited, with introduction, by Albert Lazenby. 190 pp. Indexed. 12mo. American Unitarian Association. The centenary of Martineau's birth, April 21st, 1805, is the occasion for the issue of this work, which is an attempt, principally by extracts from the later volumes of his sermons, "Hours of Thought," to give a general view of his position on the leading issues of Christian life and belief. UNFOLDING OF THE AGES, THE. By Ford C. Ottman. 511 pp. 12mo. The Baker & Taylor Company. In this commentary upon Revelation, the theory accepted is that the seven epistles to the seven churches review the history of the church down to the present time. The letters to the angel of the church in Philadelphia and Laodicea, summing up the conditions of the present age, which is to be succeeded immediately by the visible appearance of Christ, the remainder of the book of Revelation is accepted as a prediction of the near future, ending in the re-establishment of the Jews. Travel and Description BURDEN OF THE BALKANS, THE. By M. Edith Durham, author of "Through the Lands of the Serb." With illustrations by the author. 331 pp. 8vo. Edwin Arnold. London. After six trips, principally in Albania and Macedonia, Miss Durham has endeavored in this work to describe the present condition of Macedonia, as due to a selfish attempt on the part of the Bulgarians to secure the territory for the expansion of Bulgaria, without reference to the rights of other races in the region. Much sympathy is shown with the Albanian and Hellenic races, and a frank feeling is expressed for the Moslem. The result is a book which is rather a pamphlet than an impartial description of the region, but it presents many phases of the Macedonian question, omitted by those who accept only the report of Turkish outrages and forget that the Bulgarians have been guilty of many massacres and much spoliation upon both Greeks and Turks. JANE AUSTEN: HER HOMES AND HER FRIENDS. By Constance Hill. Illustrations by Ellen G. Hill and others. 268 pp. Indexed. 12mo. John Lane. An ordinary though interesting book, which takes up the life of Miss Austen by following up her places of residence and fitting in certain incidents mentioned and described in her letters. The illustrations are appropriate, and the book will make a nice addition to the libraries of those who love Miss Austen for her work and for her very sweet personality. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, THE. By George Waldo Browne, author of "Japan: the Place and the People," etc. Illustrated. 353 pp. Indexed. 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. A comely quarto, illustrated by numerous page half-toned pictures, giving an account of the St. Lawrence from the lake to the gulf, its history being drawn from standard authorities, whose titles are marshalled in the author's preface. The work is written in the style of a guidebook, and follows a geographical course, but has more upon the history than on the present condition of the region it describes. A map closes the volume, which is uniform with similar works on the Hudson, Colorado and the Continent, by the same publishers. |