his burden in turn. It is the school in which he who is greatest is so because he is the servant of the rest. It has not always been so. In nations of the older type, it is not so now. In them, certain men, called "rulers," exercise lordship and authority. But it is not so among Americans, and must not be so. With them, whoever is chief is so because he is a servant; and whoever would be the chiefest must be the servant of all. To this certainty must the American be educated.

4. He is educated, then, not to regard his own interest first, but to seek it as he seeks the interest of the whole. He is educated first to seek what is right. Not what is agreeable to him, so much sugar candy or so much perfume of roses, but what is right for mankind, for the race to which he belongs. This means that central in all our plans is his moral education. We educate his body, we educate his mind, because we would educate the man. The man is child of God, son of God: the woman is child of God, daughter of God. We educate the man, we educate the woman, that each may partake of the divine nature. They shall seek God with all their hearts. And those who seek him will find him. Seeking him so, they are strong with his strength. And, when they appear as the rulers of their land, the voice of the people is the voice of God. The power which controls its present and its future is a power ordained of him.

EDWARD E. HALE.

EDITOR'S NOTE-BOOK.

LAST YEAR'S RECORD.

The year 1886 was in a way the culmination of a centennial season in the movement which this Review aims to interpret and represent. It was, we believe, in 1783 that Dr. Bentley, of Salem, made the first public declaration of the Unitarian opinion in protest against the hard Orthodoxy of his day; and this, indeed, was "a kind of first-fruits" of that sympathy of the world-religions so marked in the thought of our day,-since the East India merchants, whose chief post was Salem, had been liberalized by contact with upright Parsees and Hindus, and would have none of the narrow Puritanism of our earlier time. Again, in 1785, on the 19th of June, "the proprietors of King's Chapel, in Boston, by a very large majority, voted to strike out from its Episcopal order of service all that teaches or implies the doctrine of the Trinity, and thus put itself openly upon the Unitarian ground on which it stands to-day," which independent course of theirs grew, in good part, from the patriotic temper of the Revolutionary struggle then lately closed, and so makes a quiet chapter in the history of American independence.

The last year has been, accordingly, a year of Unitarian anniversaries. The completing and opening of the noble denominational building, "whose walls of hewn and unhewn stone might make a mighty fortress' of our faith for a thousand years," fitly crowns what we may call our centennial year, and gives the best possible outfit for the larger work we have to do. During this year, the "First Parish Church" in Cambridge has celebrated its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, uniting fraternally in the celebration with the "Shepard Memorial Church," which was its more orthodox offshoot of near sixty years ago. And King's Chapel has still more recently with peculiar pomp of flags, escutcheons, historic portraits, and other decorations of the regal time - nobly celebrated its two hundredth. We put on record here the fitting and emphatic testimonial given by President Eliot in his speech on the occasion:

The conservatism of this church makes its scattered children very tender towards it, because whenever they return hither they find it un

changed. Religious opinions and practices may have undergone rapid transformations in the outer world. We, who have been brought up in this church and gone out from it, may have changed our own views. But, when we come back hither, we find the harbor just as we left it and as our fathers knew it. The world could not spare its adventurers and pioneers. But, for one pioneer, it needs a thousand conservers, in order that all the good that the past has won or the present wins may be held fast and safely transmitted. As a rule, the conserver is more lovable than the critic or the pioneer. This church is a conserver.

To which we add these striking and suggestive words from the speech of Rev. Phillips Brooks:

We talk in a pleasant way about England being the mother country and of this as being the daughter country. But, when we come to examine it and to follow the relationship, it seems it is not so. The England of to-day and the United States of America are sister nations; and the mother of us both lies two centuries back in the seventeenth century, in the history from which we both have sprung. She is the daughter who has remained at home. We are the daughter who has gone abroad. We are not her daughter, and she is not our mother. We are both the children of that peculiar English life, the life of the English Church, transported to this land and planted here, which has been described to us so felicitously several times this afternoon. We were daughters of that history, and we are the shining link in one of the daughter parishes that represents that history.

Other occasions have been the opening of the costly and superb house of worship of the First Unitarian Church in Philadelphia, with a three days' Conference, whose addresses have been published in a handsome volume;* and the session of the National Conference in Saratoga, which in the breadth and ability of its discussions, its overflowing attendance, and the large generosity of its plans of action, with the prompt and enthusiastic aid given to the grievously afflicted church in Charleston, was quite without parallel among the similar gatherings we have held. To these we may add the unique interest, extended through the exercises of four days, of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Harvard College, which has always been the intellectual leader and enlightener of liberal thought and culture upon this continent.

The obituary of the year includes many honored names: Henry P. Kidder, long President of the American Unitarian Associa

Modern Unitarianism. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.

tion, the constant, wise, and generous friend of every worthy enterprise; Hon. Charles Francis Adams, whose unique and signal service to this country during the civil war, as Minister to Great Britain, has placed his name high in the roll of public honor; Rev. Samuel K. Lothrop, whose eminent rank in his profession was matched by his great and laborious service given to the public schools of Boston; Charles H. A. Dall, our ardent and devoted missionary to India, whose untiring labors, covering thirty years, brought the Christian name to a degree of honor and affectionate esteem among thoughtful Hindoos, which few missionaries of any faith have been able to instil. Of professional brethren, we add the names of L. J. Livermore, one of the most variously informed and modestly faithful and patient of men in his vocation; the venerable Charles C. Sewall; the accomplished Italian teacher and preacher, Giovanni Torricelli; William B. Smith and F. B. Hamblett, whose work on earth was broken and unfinished of men of letters, that of Edwin P. Whipple, whose brilliant critical faculty did not win more admiration than his loyal affection did of warm personal regard and of honorable women not a few, including those of Sarah Ellis, our devoted and most serviceable missionary in Western work; Julia R. Anagnos, whose beautiful spirit and mind of rare accomplishment were consecrated to the noblest aims; and Lucretia Crocker, whose devoted service in the work of education, and especially as one of the supervisors of the public schools of Boston, has won for her the highest tributes of gratitude and honor. These are names which we are glad and grateful to record in the lengthening list of those we delight to honor.

In the record of the year's work, we ought not to forget the appointment of a missionary agent to the Pacific Coast,- Rev. Charles W. Wendte, who, with singular ardor and intelligence, occupies a field of duty as large as the entire thirteen original States, and will quicken the life that is already organizing itself, here and there, in that splendid and most interesting region; and the renewed enterprise for the educating and civilizing of the Indians in our Western Territories, a service of much difficulty and hardship, confided to a man of rare skill and long experience, Rev. Henry F. Bond, who will follow the wise maxim that the Indians are first of all to be redeemed from barbarism, less by book-learning than by training in useful and civilizing arts.

It is worth while to recall what is being done or attempted in

the way of definite work, if only as a relief to our overmuch selfcriticism, our proneness to speculations as void as vague, and our liability to be distracted from that work or divided in the doing of it by theoretic differences of opinion as to the statement of principles on which it should rest. For those differences there is really no cure except in the fresh stimulus that comes from actually taking the task in hand. And our only mention here of the so-called Western issue shall be the grateful record of the peace that was sealed and witnessed in the opening of the new Unity Church in Chicago, and the fellowship given in the pulpit of Arlington Street Church in Boston.

In our review of things abroad, we have, naturally, first to consider the formidable and ominous aspect that has appeared in the political world. The "Eastern question" comes far nearer home. to our sympathies, when we remember how our Transylvanian brethren hold that advanced bastion of territory in South-eastern Europe which the rumored advance of Russia threatens to engulf in its remorseless despotism; so that we may well understand the hostility and terror with which they watch that advance. We hope soon, through our correspondents among them, to offer a view of this subject which will make clearer to us some of its obscurer lights. We hope, too, from our friends in Ulster or among the English Liberals, to find light upon some of the dark points of the Irish struggle, which touches us in this country still more nearly.

For some points in this review, we are indebted to Mrs. Lowe, the faithful correspondent of this journal for many years. She

writes:

While there is so much talk about denationalizing the Church of England, it is refreshing to see some practical action on the part of that Church, which is of more worth than words. The national cathedral service, inaugurated by Dr. Butler, Dean of Gloucester, gives sacred music on two evenings of the month in that cathedral, free to all who will attend. The object, he says, "is not so much to cultivate a noble art as to bring under notice of those least instructed in music the simplest, most pathetic, and majestic passages from oratorios, chorals, anthems, and hymns. Music has the power to fuse ideas into sentiments so tender and inspiring that they subdue and lift the soul; it is a comfort in sorrow, bringing frequently the first full relief of tears, and then softly wiping them away." If this movement should be extended, many persons, it is thought, will be drawn again to the Church

Mr. Haweis says in a recent sermon that "the Church, in her treat