frosts. Dr. Hammond sows a bed for early lettuce late in the preceding fall. It ought to be sowed in rows sixteen inches apart, between vacant rows intended for some other plant; for as the lettuce will soon be pulled out, other rows of later vegetables may occupy the whole bed. RADISHES, Should be sowed in drills, eight inches apart, the last week in March. The beds should be made of horse manure fresh from the stables, well mulched with good garden mould. Often loosen the soil about them while growing, and keep the weeds out. ONIONS. the time for the vines to run. Afterwards pull out difference is between No. 3 and 4 by no less than In this part of the country a situation should be selected for cucumbers, which will be shaded from eleven o'clock in the forenoon until three o'clock in the afternoon, and where they are exposed to the sun the rest of the day. CABBAGES. Admitting the principle that girth and length are sure indications of weight, yet this table ought to be abandoned because of the great errors now obviously presented. But I am opposed to the principle itself. Until I shall become more skilled in comparative anatomy, I will not believe that the conformation corresponds, They should be transplanted into the beds where of oxen and rams, calves and hogs, heifers and they are to grow about the 20th of May, they having lambs, bulls and wethers, pigs and cows, without been sowed in a small bed for plants about a month previous. The ground ought to be well mellowed regard to sex, condition or other circumstances. and manured, before they are transplanted. They should be sowed about the 28th of April, in They should be hoed in the morning, when the drills sixteen inches apart, made very shallow, not dew is on, once each week, until they begin to exceeding half an inch in depth, and raked in light-head. ly lengthwise of the drills. The beds having been They must not be pulled up until there is danger well worked with thoroughly rotted manure, at of their freezing too fast in the ground to be got up. least five inches deep, they will be up very uni- If there happens an early snow, it will not injure formly in about fourteen days. them. When they are removed from the garden, Hoe them as soon as they are just up sufficient- they should be set out again, in a trench dug in the ly to be hoed carefully without injury. Let them bottom of a cellar. If the cellar is pretty cool, it be hoed six or seven times during the season. The will be the better. tops will fall about the 10th of August, but they will continue to grow until about the first week in [Burlington Gazette. To one of these considerations I shall advert, as giving sufficient evidence against the "table." Two oxen of the same measurement, the one large frame and lean, the other of small frame and fat; according to Mr. Renton they would weigh alike. This is so obviously wrong, that it is hardly necessary to adduce proof. Whoever should think that a fat beast is specifically heavier than a lean one, let him view its inside, and he will be satisfied from its fulness alone, of his mistake. Suppose a well fatted ox should become lean, to verify the "table," his dimensions should decrease much in girth and much in length; fat, flesh, and even bone too, should decrease But as the diminution of length would be September. They must not be pulled until the tops NETT WEIGHT OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND trifling, and I strongly suspect his bones would not become dry; being biennial, onions never produce seed until the second year. PARSNIPS. SWINE. consume themselves nor yet contract, to accommoNear Haddenfield, N. J., Feb. 10, 1826. date the supporters of Mr. Renton's theory, it is Onions should always be sowed on the same MR. J. S. SKINNER, evident that by the table, the loss of weight would beds; for experience has demonstrated that the crops become better after being raised on the same titles of the American Farmer, and the accuracy The precision that distinguishes the editorial ar. be only partially exhibited. That some breeds of cattle, bulk for bulk, are beds for many years in succession. generally attaching to them, warrants the belief, heavier than others, who can dispute, after being that no one more than yourself desires to circulate acquainted with the present improved stocks? The They should be sowed about the 28th April; but correct knowledge, or to aid the detection of errors, "short horn" possesses on other parts than those Dr. U. Gregory prefers the last week in March, and whether of opinion or calculation. Under these Mr. Renton's "string" surrounds, an extraordinary selects a dry sandy or loamy bed, which will admit inpressions, I beg your attention to the "table of quantity of flesh and fat. You, Mr. Editor, and of the earliest culture. He says parnips become the Graziers' Ready Reckoner," in the 4th vol 24th with you, the intelligent part of the community, will poisonous in damp ground. They should be sowed number of the American Farmer. It purports to deem this fact conclusive against taking size in that in drills, 20 inches apart, and three-fourths of an show by inspection, simply by the measurement of manner for weight. Lest there remain some perinch deep, and raked in lengthwise of the drills. their girth and partial length, the nett weight of sons who may still be unconvinced, I will refer The beds should be previously well worked and black cattle, sheep and swine If this result could them to cattle whose weight has been ascertained, manured, and afterwards frequently hoed, which is be obtained with tolerable accuracy, the table would according to the good old manner, with the unerall the care required. be very serviceable to most farmers; if, on the con- ring aid of an equipoised scales. In the 2d vol. and trary, it has been arbitrarily constructed, and con- 41st number of the American Farmer, will be found those animals to refuse it their confidence. tains important errors, it much concerns dealers in a list of cattle: BEETS AND CARROTS. They should be sowed about the 28th of April, in drills three-fourths of an inch deep, and twenty inches apart; if carrots are in drills, but sixteen inches apart and half an inch deep, it is about as well. The ground prepared and the seed raked in as for onions. No. 18-an Ox. 66 No. 8-a Heifer. From the fact of the length and girth only, being Girth, 8 feet 8 inches. 8 feet 9 inches. the index to the weights, I assume that the bodies Length, 9 8" 9 66 1548 lbs. of those animals are to be considered as cylinders; Weighed,... 2026 lbs.. consequently, the ratio of their size and weight Now, sir, consistently with the "cylindrical system should be analogous to the contents of this figure: of computation," the ox contains 69.04 cubic feet, now as cylinders of the same altitude are to each the heifer 67.7 cubic feet, the ox would be stated at They should be planted about the 28th of April, other as the area of their bases, so each animal of about 2 per cent heavier than the heifer, while his in drills by pairs, six inches apart, so that one row like length but increasing girth, must increase geo real and certain weight, as above shown, is 31 per of bushes may serve for the pair of drills. There metrically in weight. This agreement between cent.! GARDEN PEAS. should then be four feet space, from centre to cen girth and weight, however clear to my mind, does. If, after this demonstration, a "Grazier" values tre, between the pairs of drills. The drills should not suit any part of Mr. Renton's table. Take not 399 lbs. of beef of his fattest and most plump be half an inch deep, and the seed raked in length-seven cattle, each of six feet length, increasing one ox, of the most approved breed, he has my consent wise of the drills. inch in girth; by the table we see to dispose of him by the "string and table of the ready reckoner." D. G. S-S. pole beans should be four feet apart, and the hills of weightin a row three feet from each other. They should be hoed three times before the flowering time; but must never be hoed when wet with dew or rain. MELONS, CUCUMBERS, AND SQUASHES. They should be planted about the middle of May; cucumbers for pickling may be planted the middle No. 2 is heavier than No. 1, 26 lbs. 3 4 5 6 66 7 66 THE ROT IN SHEEP CURED BY INOCULA- Extract of a letter from Mr. James Carver, late of Instead of an ascending series of differences, the that country lost all their crops, their cattle became of June. The hills may be three or four feet apart. weight of between No. 1 and 2, is the same as be- afflicted with severe diseases, and the sheep, particu The ground should be as well prepared as for tween No. 6 and 7. What is yet more plainly false, larly, with the rot. From the pleasure which I had onions. And they must be hoed three times before if there be any truth in mensuration, the greatest always taken, in showing humanity to domestic animals, I was soon applied to by several of the the principal wines, especially as some seem not at ritory within which the exportation wines alone can Zimmedaurs in the adjacent villages, to afford a present to be known, or at least are not mentioned be made; and of putting a maximum price on the remedy for this destructive disorder, and tried seve-by Dr. Henderson. The Vin de Bonne of Burgun- produce of this district; and the practice pursued of ral without effect; at length recollecting that I had dy, a red wine, in some measure dolce piquante, was mixing the best wines with those of inferior quality, a hill pony, in my possession, very severely afflicted the very best he met with. Volne, a pale Cham- and all with brandy, have rendered the finer prowith the grease, I lost no time in obtaining the virus paigne, brisk, growing on the borders of Burgundy, ducts of the Douro vintage in a great measure unfrom the heels, and inoculated one of my cows, partaking of the excellency of both provinces: Vin known to us. The influence of this company has which took very well; and as soon as I was able I de Turrenne en Anjou, two years old, one of the also ruined the Portugal white wines, which were inoculated several of the sheep, and thereby effect- best white wines he drank in Paris: Ganneten from formerly excellent: Bucellas, made a few miles above ed a perfect cure. I am happy in observing that I was Dauphiny, a pale, thin, white wine, very like the Lisbon, is the one best known in Britain. afterwards successful in all the attempts which I made Verdi of Florence, of a very pleasant flavour; "but The wines of Germany and Hungary, form the excepting in a few instances, where I was applied the most excellent wines for strength and flavour subject of the Fifth chapter. In the time of Tacito too late. The manuscript containing the items are those of St. Laurence, red and white: this is a tus there were no wines in Germany; the author of of all these experiments, I unfortunately lost while most delicious muscadel." [Lister, p. 165.] Dr. the Treatise De Genere Ebriosorum, boasts, that if travelling to the westward in this country; you can, Henderson mentions the red, but not the white St. Tacitus had visited his country at the beginning of however, mention the circumstance to the faculty Laurence [p. 175.] Dr. Lister gives the same ac- the sixteenth century, he would have found vines of your acquaintance, and if the experiment should count of the management of grapes for luscious flourishing, and wines made from them, between the be deemed worthy of a trial, I shall be happy if they wines that Dr. Henderson does: the red St. Lau- Alps and the Elbe.* We agree with Dr. Hendermay prove as successful as myself. This informa- rence, he says, was the most delicious wine he ever son that it is doubtful whether the decree or permistion I am of opinion, if widely communicated, may tasted in his life. He likewise specifies excellent sion of the emperor Probus, that his disbanded leprove as great a blessing to domestic animals, as the wines from Cahors, and Cabreten (near Bayonne,) gions should plant vines, extended to Germany; the inoculation with virus has proved to the human spe- white and red, strong and delicious. He informs supposed cause, and the circumstances of that decies. I inoculated the ewes in the udder, and males us, that the French had become fond of strong wines cree, we shall afterwards consider. It is certain, in the inside of the thigh." To George W. P. Custis, Esq. HORTICULTURE. From the Westminster Review-London. HISTORY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN WINES. By Alexander Henderson, M. D. (Continued from page 397.) and liqueurs, which were brought in at the latter as we have already seen, that in the fourth century, The wines of Spain are treated of in the third "the best German wines are grown beyond the line chapter. Though this country possesses great na- which has been assigned for the successful cultivatural advantages, its red wines, spoiled in the fer- tion of the vine in France." Rhenish wines are mentation, are dull and heavy; its dry white, and mentioned in very old writers, but the varieties are certain species of sweet wines, are, however, nearly not specified. Their consumption must have been unrivalled. The best of the dry are those of Xeres very great, as Guicciardini, in his account of the in Andalusia: many of the principal vineyards be-commerce of Antwerp in 1560, states that there were The last section relates to the wines of Gascony long to British and French settlers: hence the st-annually brought to this city 40,000 tuns: he praises and Guienne. The Bordelais vineyards of Medoc, perior management, and the abandonment of the them for their taste and salubrity, and for not affectGraves, Palus, and Vignes Blanches, produce wines injudicious, as well as disgusting practices in the ing the head or stomach, even though twice of prime quality: of the Medoc, the vineyard of La- manufacture formerly prevalent. The driest sherry as much were drunk as of any other wine. At pretour yields the strongest, and that of Lafitte the is the Amontillado; the quantity is very limited. sent in Britain, German wines are generally known lightest choice wines. The Graves, so called from The Paxarete, is a rich malmsey wine. All the under the general name of Rhenish; Hock is the only the gravelly soil, produces red as well as white Xeres wines are made from partially dried grapes. one specifically known, except to bon-vivants. Bewines: the Haut Brion is the best red. The Graves Tinto de Rota, known in England by the name of tween Mentz and Coblentz, where the banks are white wines have a dry, flinty taste, and an aroma Tent, is the only red wine of Andalusia worthy no- steep, and the soil and exposure propitious, the vine somewhat resembling cloves; the best are those of tice. The hilly district near Malaga has three se- is extensively cultivated. The choicest vintages, St. Bris, and Carbonnieux: Sauterne and Barsac are parate harvests of grapes; the last produces the Ma- however, are confined to a small portion of this dismade on the left bank of the Garonne, between laga and Mountain wines: at Alicant a vino tinto is trict called the Rhingau, rather more than nine Castres and Langon, and are not, properly speak- made resembling the Rota wine.t miles long, and four broad. The Hock or Hochheiing, Graves wines. The soils of the Palus are allu- In the Fourth chapter, on the wines of Portugal, mer is a Maine wine. vial; their wines, hard and rough, of a deep colour Dr. Henderson exposes, with merited severity, the The wines of the Rhine form a distinct order; the and strong body, are chiefly sent to the East Indies; absurd privileges, regulations, and practices of the lighter resemble the Vins de Graves of France; but they are also mixed with the weaker Medoc wines. Oporto wine company: this company formed for the in general drier: their peculiar characteristic is a deThe Bordelais wines at present are esteemed the purpose of preventing adulterations in wine, has licate flavour and aroma, called in the country gäre most perfect that France produces; the complete- produced infinitely more mischief than previously but for which we have no word: they are also disness of the fermentation, and the subsequent judi- existed; the power they possess of limiting the ter- tinguished for their extreme durability: this Dr. cious management, render them less disposed to Henderson supposes arises from the large proportion met with even at Bordeaux.* acidity and other disorders than Burgundy wines: they are improved by sea carriage, and keep ex-Lister, pp. 163-8. *A Journey to Paris in the year 1698, by Dr. Martin of free tartaric acid they contain, which can only This work is worth consulting, not be separated by the usual chemical re-agents [p. 221.] tremely well; of the red wines, Lafitte is the most only for the picture it gives of Parisian eating and drink- In favourable seasons, they are free from acidity; in choice and delicate: it "is characterized by its silky ing, but also for its account of objects of natural history, unfavourable, the malic acid prevails: during the last softness on the palate, and its perfume partaking of antiquities, gardens, celebrated personages, &c. &c. An century there were only five favourable vintages, the nature of the violet and raspberry." The Latour edition of this work was published very lately with notes; viz., 1726, 1748, 1766, 1779, and 1783: of these the is fuller, with more aroma, but less softness. The but these add very little to the value of the original. last is the most highly esteemed. In this century, Chateau Margaux is lighter, with the delicate qua- who was naval chaplain in the Mediterranean, and apTeonge, a cavalier parson, of the reign of Charles II, 1800, 1802, and 1811, or the year of the comet. lities of the Lafitte, but not quite so high a flavour. pears from his diary, just published, to have possessed a Johannisberger is the best of the Rhine wines; to Those wines of the very first quality, are seldom genuine theological love of good eating and drinking, the monks we are indebted for this, as well as varimentions Mountain Alicant, and Luke-Sherry: what was ous other carnal blessings: the choicest is celebrated Dr. Lister, who visited Paris in 1698, particular- the latter? Punch seems to have been a favourite liqueur for its high flavour and perfume, and the almost toizes the wines then most in esteem, or which he in the Navy at that time; though scarcely known on tal absence of acidity. The Steinberg ranks next: liked best. As great deference ought to be paid to shore: it had been but lately introduced from the East the strongest of all the Rhine wines, and, in favourthe judgment and taste of the translator of Apicius, Indies. [Teonge's Diary, p. 3, 40, 43, 96.] Fryer [Tra- able years, sweet and of a delicate flavour. The we extract the substance of what he says respecting vels in the East Indies, 1672,] says, this liqueur has its Rüdesheimer is, however, preferred by some: a spename from Faunch, a Hindostannee word signifying five, cies of this approaches in excellence the first rate the number of its ingredients. Ustarez, in his Theory Johannisberg. All these vineyards may be traced to *Pontac is said to have derived its name from a Pre- and Practice of Commerce, mentions, that the high sident of the Parliament of Bordeaux. There was a grounds near Malaga, which about the year 1700 produ- the monks of the eleventh century. Hock, though French eating-house, with his head as a sign, near the ced very little wine, had, when he wrote, about fifty Exchange in London, much frequented for its excellent years afterwards, been converted into vineyards to the *In this work there is a chapter devoted to a very midinners and wine at the beginning and middle of the last extent of thirty-three leagues square, in consequence of nute, descriptive, and laudatory account of the various entury-Journey through England 1724, vol. i. 169 - the demand for Malaga wines in the north of Europe.- kinds of Beer, at that time made in Germany. noisseur, No. 19, 1754. Ustarez on Commerce, translated by Kippax, vol. ii., 202. | † Anderson's History of Commerce, ii. 150. of a high character, must yield, in the opinion of same island is also excellent. Of the former, Dr. become comparatively neglected at Shiraz, and the Dr. Henderson, to the choicer produce of the Rhin-Clarke relates, that a greater proof of its strength manufacture carelessly conducted. According to gau. The better sorts of the Moselle wines are clear cannot be given, than by relating the manner in Dr. Henderson, white Shiraz, even when of firm and dry, with a light pleasant flavour, and high which it is kept: the casks are neither filled nor and generous quality, scarcely deserves to be ranked aroma, not unlike that of the best Graves wines: closed: sheet lead is laid over the bung-hole, which with the best growths of Madeira; the bright red they are ripe in five or six years, but they will keep is removed almost every day [Travels, iv. p. 19.] wine resembles the second rate sweet wines of the twice that time. According to Olivier, however, as quoted by Dr. Cape [p. 265.] Dr. Vincent compares the white to The Tokay wines of Hungary, did not come into Henderson, the Vino Santo of Santorini ranks be- Madeira, but with a higher flavour [vol. i. p. 412, vogue till the middle of the seventeenth century; fore the best growths of Cyprus. The Tenos, the note.] The Persians indulge more openly and freely they possess a high character, but in the opinion of red Muscadine of Tenedos, and the white Musca- in wine than any other Mahometans. The ice with many, owing rather to their extreme rarity, and ex-dine of Smyrna, vie with the richest Hungarian which they cool it, and their other liquors, is pro orbitant price, than their intrinsic and real merit. wines: "good Tenedos," according to Dr. Clarke, cured in a very simple manner. There are people In Dr. Townson's jadgment, it is a fine wine, but no "perhaps, has no where its equal in Europe" [iv. 20.] who make it their business "to watch the frosty ways adequate to its price; some of the sweetish The Morea, the original country of the Malvasia or nights in the winter, when they go to the mountains Spanish wines are equally good [229;] and Dr. Clarke Malmsey grape, from which the sweet wines of Ma- near Ispahan, and throw water repeatedly, till the compares it to Cyprus wine, or very luscious old deira, &c. derive their name, produces now only ice is sufficiently thick; they then cut it in pieces. raisin wine [Travels, viii. 405.] Dr. Henderson gives very bad wines [247 and 287, note]. Dr. Hender- carry it into caves cut in the rocks: what they cana very particular account of the vineyards, vintages, son does not notice the wine of the Dardanelles; not carry off before sunrise, is covered to defend it produce, &c., of the Tokay district. this, according to Dr. Clarke, will keep to a great from the heat.* (To be concluded in next number.) NATURAL HISTORY. The Sixth chapter relates to the wines of Italy age, twenty or thirty years, and if the vintage has and Sicily: the celebrity of the ancient wines of Italy, been good, is equal to Tenedos-iii. 85. and its climate, exposures, and soil, would lead us The wines of Madeira and the Canaries occupy to expect most excellent wines at present. But ow the Eighth chapter; the vines of the former are said ing to the mode of training the vine, and other mis- to have been brought from Candia in 1421. We apmanagement of the vineyards and vintages, arising prehend Dr. Henderson is incorrect when he states, UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO DOMESTICATE THE from the ignorance, obstinacy, and carelessness of that it was not till a comparatively recent period, MEXICAN HOG. the natives, which, according to Dr Henderson, are that its wines became generally known and distin- DEAR SIR, New York, Feb. 21, 1826. almost incredible, the Italian wines in general are guished. In 1588, they had acquired a high cha- THE SUS Pecari, or swine with a navel on his back, very inferior. Those of Tuscany ought, however, racter, and great quantities were exported, especial- inhabiting New Spain and South America, was the to be excepted: here the process of wine-making is ly to England: we suppose the Malmsey Madeira.* subject of an invitation addressed to mariners and better understood, "and a greater number of good It is certain, however, that when captain Cook visi- travellers by the New York Agricultural Society, wines are produced, than in any other of the states ted this island in 1768, the management of the vine- about the year 1794, requesting that the creature of Italy" [p. 235.] The Aleatico, or red Muscadine, yards and vintages was very bad. The demand for might be introduced, for the improvement or enproduced in its greatest perfection at Montepulciano Madeira wines in England has extended as well as largement of live stock. and in two other places, "has a brilliant purple co- 'improved their culture. The Malmsey is grown on More than twenty years had passed away, withlour, and a luscious aromatic flavour, tempered with rocky grounds exposed to the full influence of the out any other sight of this animal, than a solitary an agreeable sharpness and astringency" (p. 238.] sun's ray. The Sercial, from a grape said to have one, now and then, enabling the private exhibiters The sweet wines of the volcanic soil of Vesuvius been brought from the Rhine, requires to be kept to increase their menageries, until the autumn of are also excellent, especially the Lachryma Christi. very long, before it acquires the full body and the 1824, when a boar and a sow arrived from Caracas The Sicilians are equally as ignorant, obstinate, and rich aromatic flavour peculiar to itself: it combines by the way of Laguayra, through the public spirit careless as the Italians, with respect to the manage-all the requisites of a perfect wine [p. 250.] The of Thomas H. Mitchell, Esq. I cheerfully paid the ment of their vineyards and wines; but such is the wines of Madeira, though naturally strong, receive expense of transportation, and immediately sent excellence of their soil and climate, that, in spite of an addition of brandy, the necessity or utility of them to Plandome, on Long island, that a fair exthis, their island produces some good wines, parti- which, however, Dr. Henderson considers doubtful. periment might be made on their value. cularly white wines: contrary to what occurs in Ita-The mode of mellowing and improving them by a They passed the winter without much more ly, these are the most numerous, and also by far the voyage to the East or West Indies is well known; housing than common hogs; and though the female best: those of Marsala and Mazzara have been long for this is now substituted a less expensive process, accidentally received a considerable hurt, she proknown in England: the red and white Muscadine viz. subjecting them to a high temperature, like the duced a pig. wines of Syracuse are also occasionally met with. fumaria of the ancients. They are extremely dura- The observations made, as far as the time has In no country is there room for so much improve- ble, and indeed do not reach their utmost perfection permitted, are by no means favourable to their ment in wines, and at the same time, capability for till they have been kept eight or ten years in the worth for domestic use. it, as in Italy and Sicily.* wood, and nearly twice that time in bottle. Their My nephew, Mr. Warren Mitchell, who has had Dr. Henderson next treats of the wines of Greece, nutty taste is inherent. The sweet wines of the Ca- the regular superintendence, reports:and of the islands of the Archipelago and Ionian naries are now little known; the dry wine of Tene- 1. That they are of small size, not weighing sea. Turkish tyranny has produced its usual deso-riffe resembles Madeira, and often passes under much more than a well-grown shoat six months old, lating effects on them. While Candia, and Cyprus that name. Dr. Henderson ought to have noticed of the ordinary breed, or sus scrofa. belonged to Venice, they supplied the whole of Eu- the Fayal wine, which is much used in our navy, or rope with the finest dessert wines; at present they exported to the West Indies and North America; it afford very little: the choicest sweet wine is the Com- resembles Madeira. mendaria of Cyprus: the white Muscadine of the 2. That they do not accumulate fat like the individuals of that race. 3. That being exceedingly active, they climb, or leap fences, so as to be very mischievous. 4. That they possess an obstinate and perverse temper, resisting their keeper, and bearing severe beating before they will submit or obey. The Cape wines, which form the subject of the Ninth chapter, are in general bad, owing to the low *Teonge, who seems from his Diary to have been and strong soil on which they are made, carelessness more occupied with good living, and writing drinking of management, and other causes, all of which might and love songs than with his duties as chaplain, has a be removed or avoided. In that case, the climate 5. That they have a propensity to attack human poetical parallel between Syracuse and Ribolla, a wine and soil of the Cape would produce good wines. beings. They snap and bite grown persons as of Zante, on the occasion of himself and his boon com- Constantia alone, at present, is of superior quality; well as children, without provocation; and the fepanions trying which was best: even the editor confesses the supply is very limited. Even this wine, Dr. male, though not so ferocious as the male, is neverthe humour is somewhat gross In another place, he Henderson thinks inferior in flavour and aroma to theless intolerably vicious. The consequence is, remarks, "we had a prince-like dinner, and every health the Muscadines of Languedoc and Roussillon, and that it became necessary to confine them in a pen. that we drank, every man broke the glass he drank in, the Malmsies of Paxarete and Malaga. so that before night, we had destroyed a whole chest of They are very spiteful against negroes, and partipure Venice glass." Diary of Henry Tenge, Chaplain The wines of Persia, the subject of the Tenth cularly prone to attack them. on board his Majesty's ships, Assistance, &c., from 1675 chapter, like those of Tokay, are little known in to 1679: published 1825, p. 96 We question, however, Britain, and derive their reputation rather from their if at any time, or in any country, modern drunkenness scarcity, than their intrinsic merits. It ought to be reached the disgusting height, to which it had arrived at stated, however, that since Hafiz, Chardin, and the Grecian banquets: we transcribe the words of Casau- Kæmpfer, extolled them, the culture of the vine has bon. "Aderant illis convivantibus, inter alia instrumenta perditi luxus, etiam matula: has spe, ubi incaluissent in capita invicem sibi illidebant-Casaub. in Atheneum, Lib. i. c. 14. Pigafetta, in Purchas. Book vii. c. 4. § 2. quoted by 6. That beside their smallness, leanness, and other disagreeable qualities, their surly and indomitable disposition renders them a great torment on a farm or plantation. 7. That he has lately found it expedient to part with them by selling them to a show-man. * Bell's Travels from Petersburg to various parts of Asia, p. 86 If this is not a fair trial of their unfitness for Take full grown mushrooms; put a layer of them as currants, mulberries, strawberries, raspberries, agricultural purposes, I recommend that some other at the bottom of a deep earthen pan and sprinkle are not well calculated for this process: gentleman of enterprise should make other impor- them with salt; then another layer of mushrooms; tations, and institute further experiments. put some more salt on them, and so on, alternately, Method of conserving Gooseberries, Orlean Plums, The gland on the back is not an umbelicus, but salt and mushrooms: let them remain two or three Green Gages, Damsons, Peaches, Nectarines, and Bullaces. an excretory duct. Through it, is exuded or dis- hours, by which time the salt will have penetrated charged an unctuous humour, which serves, like the the mushrooms, and rendered them easy to break; Let the fruit be clean picked, and not too ripe; fluid prepared in the rumps of birds, to besmear mash them well and let them remain for a couple put it into wide-mouthed, or what are called goosetheir coats, and to guard their bodies from wet and of days, stirring them up, and mashing them well berry bottles; let the bottles be filled as full as they rain. It does not appear that there is any fetor or each day; then pour them into a stone jar, and to can be packed, and stick the corks lightly into them, noxious property in it. This organ, in the present each quart add half an ounce of whole black pep- then place them upright in a saucepan of water, species, probably holds an analogy with the orifices per; stop the jar very close, set it in a stew-pan of heated gradually to about 100 or 170° F.; that is, on the inside of the fore legs of ordinary swine; boiling water, and keep it simmering for two hours until the water feels very hot to the finger, but does and with the outlets for a similar use, at the base of at least. Take out the jar, and pour off the juice not scald. Let this degree of heat be kept up for the hoofs in the feet of sheep. It seems not to per-clear from the sediment through a hair sieve into a half an hour, then remove the bottles one by one, form any defensive operation, like the spodnar of stewpan, (without squeezing the mushrooms;) let it and fill them up to within half an inch of the cork the skunk, or the nubilum of the cuttle-fish (or boil up, skim it, and pour it into a dry jar; let it with boiling water; when cold let the cork be fitted sepia.) stand till next day, then pour it off as gently as very close, and lay the bottles on their sides, that They do not root, or turn up the ground with possible, through a tammis, or flannel bag, so as the cork may be kept moist by the water. To pretheir snouts; but dig or paw in an equally successful not to disturb the sediment at the bottom of the vent fermentation and mould, the bottles must be manner with their fore feet; and when enclosed in jar. Bottle it in pints or half pints; for it is best to turned once or twice a week for the first month or a stye and prevented from escaping over the fence keep it in such quantities as are soon used: in each two, and once or twice a month afterwards. When or paling, they will get out by penetrating the earth pint put a dozen berries of black pepper, the same applied to use, some of the liquor first poured off unless there is a floor of board or stone. of allspice, and a table-spoonful of brandy. When an ear of maize or Indian corn is thrown to them, they do not bite off the grains, or remove them by the teeth, but detach them by their feet, and afterwards take them into the mouth. I am desirous to make known these facts, and to perpetuate them. I therefore send them to you, as a token of my respect, and for insertion in the American Farmer, if you deem them worthy of place. SĂMUEL L. MITCHELL. J. S. SKINNER, Esq. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. SOURKRAUT. a TOMATA CATSUP. may serve to be put into the pie, or pudding, instead of water, and the remainder being boiled up with a little sugar, makes a rich and agreeable Mash a gallon of ripe tomatas; add to it one pound of salt, press out the juice, and to each quart syrup. add a quarter of a pound of anchovies, two ounces The fruit ought not to be cracked by the heat; of eshallots, and an ounce of ground black pepper; some trials were made by keeping the bottles in a simmer the mixture for a quarter of an hour, then heat of 190 for three quarters of an hour, but the strain it through a sieve, and put to it a quarter of fruit was reduced nearly to a pulp. It is also adan ounce of pounded mace, the same quantity of visable that the fruit be not quite ripe, nor should it allspice, ginger and nutmeg, and half a dram of be bruised. a WALNUT CATSUP. THE BACHELOR'S SOLILOQUY. A PARODY. The heart-ache, and those throes and make-shifts cochineal; let the whole simmer for twenty minutes Some fruits may be preserved in a succulent state and strain it through a bag; when cold, bottle it: by being kept in water, without boiling. This is Or, put tomatas into an earthen pan, and bake practised in regard to the cranberry: it also sucthem very slowly in an oven. Rub the pulp through ceeds with the smaller kinds of apples. All pulpy a hair sieve, to separate the seeds and skins. To fruits, such as damsons, plums, &c., if gathered when every pound, by weight, of the pulp, add a pint and not quite ripe, and not wounded, may likewise be M. Parmentier has given a minute description of quarter of vinegar, with a dram of mace, ginger, preserved, by putting them into dry bottles, so as to a process of making sourkraut on a large scale. cloves, allspice, and one ounce each of white pep-exclude the air, by sealing over the cork, and then The heads of white winter cabbages, after remov- per and minced eshallot; simmer them for half an burying them in a trench, with the cork downwards. ing the outer leaves, are to be cut into fine shreds, hour, and strain off the liquid. (To be continued.) by means of a knife, or with a plane, and spread out to dry upon a cloth in the shade. A cask is to be set on end, with the head taken out. If it for- Take 28 lbs. of unripe walnuts when quite tender, merly contained vinegar or wine, so much the reduce them to a pulp in a marble mortar; add to better, as it will promote the fermentation, and give the mass two gallons of vinegar, let it stand three Marry, or not to marry? That is the questionthe cabbage a more vinous taste; if not, the inside or four days; to each gallon of liquor put a quarter Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer may be rubbed over with sourkraut liquor. Cara- of a pound of minced eshallots, half an ounce of The sullen silence of these cobweb rooms, way seeds are to be mixed with the shreds of cab- bruised cloves, the same of mace and black pepper, Or seek in festive halls some cheerful dame, bage, a good layer of salt is to be placed at the one tea-spoonful of Cayenne pepper, and a quarter And, by uniting, end it. To live alone— bottom of the cask, and then cabbage shreds even- of a pound of salt; give it a boil up and strain it No more! And by marrying, say we end ly packed, to the depth of four or six inches. The through a flannel. layers are regularly stamped down with a wooden stamper, to half their original bulk. The same process is to be repeated with additional layers of The preserving of the pulpy fruits employed in salt, and shreds, till the whole be packed; they housekeeping for making fruit pies, tarts and pudPerchance in war: aye, there's the rub; are then to be covered with a layer of salt, or till dings, so as to render them fit for that purpose, When we have shuffled off our liberty, For in the marriage state what ills may come, the barrel be filled within two inches of the top, when they cannot be procured in their recent state, Must give us pause. There's the respect over which the outside leaves of the cabbages are is an object of considerable importance in every That makes us dread the bonds of wedlock; to be spread. About two pounds of salt are requir- well regulated family. ed for twenty middling sized cabbages. For who could bear the noise of scolding wives, The expense of sugar is frequently urged as a The head of the barrel, which should have been reason for not conserving fruits in housekeeping The thirst for plays, for concerts, and for balls; The fits of spleen, th' extravagance of dress, previously well fastened together, is lastly to be and to this may be added the uncertainty of success put within the barrel above the leaves, and loaded from the strong fermentable quality of many fruits, The insolence of servants, and the spurns with stones, to prevent the mixture from rising if the sugar has not been very liberally added. They When he himself might his quietus gain, That patient husbands from their consorts take, during the fermentation. The mass thus com- may indeed be conserved for a length of time withpressed subsides, and the cabbage gives out its out sugar, by baking them in an oven, and then By living single. juice, which rises to the surface; it is green, muddy, closely stopping them up; but if the cork becomes and fœtid. It is to be drawn off by a spigot placed dry, the atmospheric air exchanges place with what two or three inches from the bottom, and re-placed is impregnated by the fruit, which then soon be by fresh brine. comes mouldy; some pulpy fruits may be conserved in good condition by the following method, for years, or even it is probable for a longer period, in MUSHROOM CATSUP. CONSERVED FRUITS. The name of catsup is given to several kinds of liquid pickles, made of savoury vegetable substances hot climates. -such as mushrooms, walnuts, &c. The following Conservation of recent Fruits without sugar. method of preparing mushroom catsup is copied The following fruits may be conserved without from the Cook's Oracle: sugar; the more juicy fruits of the berry kind, such To marry-to ive in peace Who would wish to bear The jeering name of Bachelor, But that the dread of something after marriage, MISCELLANEOUS. CURE FOR THE ERYSIPELAS. DEAR SIR, tance. about half a length-Juliet merely saving her dis- in the early stage of the disease. From my experi- Walsingham, Somerset, Feb. 23d, 1826. I observed in the Farmer some time since, an in-was scarcely counted upon. quiry for a cure for the erysipelas-and without saying any thing about the "sacer ignis" of the ancients, which Virgil mentions in the last line of his third Georgic, beg leave to communicate the following: THE FARMER. Respectfully, W. B. S. In this stage of the racing, Juliet became the fa- Feb. 23, 1826. vorite, as it was supposed she had been saved in the [P.S.-Another gentleman ascribes the distemper I accidentally met an acquaintance the other day first and second heats, and showed in the third that to the dogs cutting their teeth.] whom I had not seen for a long time, and having her speed and bottom were excellent-three to one inquired for his family, he told me that his "alterum in her favour; and as each horse had now won a From another correspondent-an old and liberal dimidium" had been very unwell-that she was at heat, and the fourth was to decide the contest, the tacked with the St. Anthony's fire, insomuch that greatest excitement and anxiety were felt by the sportsman, in the gentlemanly sense of the word, we have the following item:--"I have never lost a he thought she would have died instantly; but there spectators for the final issue of the race. was a venerable dame about the house, who, like Fourth Heat-Frantic took the lead in gallant dog of any kind by the distemper; or by going mad; Aunt Charity, had "the whole catalogue of yerb style, and maintained it throughout the first round, owing, as I have thought, to my keeping for the teas at her fingers' ends, from formidable worm- but in the second round he was beautifully passed dogs' constant use, a trough of clean water, in which Bets was placed three or four rolls of brimstone." wood down to gentle balm," who being roused, di- by Juliet, Sea Gull barely holding his own. rected them to get some dry nettle, (our E. Shore were now 10-20 to one in favour of Juliet, but no Linnæus, at Cambridge, could give its botany,) and takers: it was "Lombard street to a China Orange." make a strong tea of it. They did so, and she was Sea Gull, however, was not to be conquered. At immediately relieved. The good man added, that the last half mile of the track, he was put to his full BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1826. "he thought all the world ought to know it;" and I stretch, and the struggle between him and Juliet am happy in giving it publicity, but there is one became one of the handsomest trials of speed ever All was breathless anxiety in STATISTICAL INFORMATION WANTED.-To the colquestion which can only be answered by experi- seen on any course. ment. Will nettle or any other kind of tea produce the spectators, and so close was the contest, that lectors and city authorities of New York, Philathe same effect on men, as on "womankind"? Vale. the crowd could not pretend to judge which was the delphia, Baltimore, Alexandria, Fredericksburg, MONKBARNS. winner; but on passing the stand, the victory was Richmond and Norfolk, and to the manufacturers declared to be gained by Sea Gull, he coming in of wool-The Editor of the American Farmer, at just half a head before his well-trained competitor. Baltimore, is desirous of getting, through your kind Every heat was a hot one, the whip being put to assistance, certain statistical information which may all the horses from the jump. be highly useful to the public, and especially to the Handicap Race-The regular racing having clos-cultivators of grain in the United States. ed on Friday, on Saturday the Handicap Race of three mile heats took place, and resulted as follows: Col. Spann's Bertrand, SPORTING OLIO. CHARLESTON RACES. :: : 1 It is well known to all, and sensibly felt by the grain growing states, that since the establishment of the peace of Europe, and the consequent cessation Mr. Davenport's Aratus, : : : of the demand from that quarter for the surplus of Mr. Harrison's Creeping Kate, : 3 1 2 dr. bread stuffs which we cultivate for foreign markets, It was a splendid race, being throughout closely that the quantity of that product of agriculture, has The races over the Washington Course commen-contested. At the commencement, Bertrand was so far exceeded the demand, that the consequent ced on Wednesday, Feb. 22, between Col. SPANN's the general favourite; but after the second heat, the fall in prices has produced a wide spread pecuniary Bertram and Mr. HARRISON'S Lady Le Grange. Ber-issue was doubted, and the impression was strongly pressure and embarrassment in those agricultural tram took the two first heats. The first heat was run in favour of Creeping Kate. districts which had been exclusively devoted to their in handsome style, and was well contested: they were four mile heats-time not stated. Second day-Three mile heats. Mr. Harrison's Aratus, : : : ::. : 1 1 Col. Spann's William, : : : : : 2 2 Mr. Singleton's Saxe Weimar, : : : 3 dr. First heat run in 5 minutes 54 seconds; second in 5 minutes 46 seconds. The first heat was taken by Aratus, beating Ber-cultivation. To procure relief from this, wherever trand a head-Creeping Ka e holding in. The se- the climate and soil would admit of change, some cond heat was taken by Creeping Kate, beating other objects of cultivation have been substituted, Bertrand by three lengths--Aratus holding in. The as wool, cotton, tobacco, &c. Hence it has become third heat was taken by Bertrand, beating Creeping an object with those grain farmers, who from the The last heat was com- peculiar fitness of their soil, or from their locality, Kate, Aratus holding in. pletely a trial of speed, between Bertrand and Ara- have been induced to persevere in the cultivation of tus (Creeping Kate being withdrawn.) The start wheat, to be able to form a just conclusion as to the was fair, and each moment produced a change of effect to be produced upon the price of the article, opinion, Bertrand and Aratus being alternately by the partial abandonment of its cultivation, which ahead of each other. Victory at last declared in fa- has already taken place, and from the annually invour of Bertrand--he beating Aratus a neck. creasing consumption from the increase of populaThe first heat was run in 5 minutes 474 seconds. tion in our cities and manufacturing districts, and in Second heat in 5 minutes 47 seconds. the eastern and southern parts of the union, where 5 minutes 53 seconds. it cannot be advantageously grown. The question 5 minutes 53 seconds. for farmers is, whether under existing circumstanThus the twelve miles were run in 23 minutes 22 ces, they have a reasonable prospect of such imThe racing of this day eclipsed entirely all that seconds. This is called in the Charleston papers provement in the reward of their labours, as will preceded it during the week, and will long be re-the greatest race on record," beating the ground justify the continuance of the cultivation of wheat membered on the Washington Course, for its vicis-covered by the celebrated Eclipse and Henry race to its present extent, or whether still more of agrisitudes, hard pushing, and fair competition. The on Long island, by 26 seconds--exceeding any cultural capital and labour ought not to be diverted most intense interest was raised at the very com- thing ever before known on the Washington Course, to other objects. To enable us to form a just conmencement of the heats, and was kept up and in- and challenging the history of the turi in any coun-clusion upon this important point, it would be highcreased till the last foot of ground was bounded over try for superior fleetness and bottom." : Third day-Two mile heats. Col. Spann's Sea Gull, : : : 1 23 1 Mr. Harrison's Frantic : : : 2 1 2 3 Mr. Singleton's Juliet,: 3 3 1 2 The first heat was run in 3 minutes 52 secondsthe second in 3 minutes and 50 seconds-the third in 3 minutes and 51 seconds-and the fourth in 3 minutes and 57 seconds. at the close of the fourth contest for victory. First Heat.-Sea Gull the favourite, but he was hard pushed by Frantic, and all the horses were put saved her distance. Third heat in DISTEMPER IN DOGS. ly advantageous to know what was the export of flour and wheat to foreign countries, from the ports of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Alexandria, Fredericksburg, Richmond, and Norfolk, severally; and what the quantity of flour inspected in each to their speed from the start. Sea Gull took the MR. EDITORheat, Frantic coming in second, while Juliet barely You have been misinformed as to Mr. -hav- of these places in the years 1790-'95-1800-'05 ing an infallible remedy for distemper in dogs. 10, '15, 20, '25.-This information as to exports, Second Heat-The start was very foul, Frantic have sometimes given turbith mineral, say three may be derived, it is supposed, from the customgetting fully 60 yards in the lead. Sea Gull pushed doses of almost, 3 grains each, every other day, house books of those ports, and as to the quantity of him with great strength and speed, and came so which you have no doubt seen has been highly re-flour inspected, from the inspectors' books in the hard upon him that Frantic took this heat by only commended, and have had dogs cured by it if taken different cities and towns, or their returns made to |