some for instance put the new vintage into a cask that had been seasoned with an old and highly-flavoured wine; others placed cheese and nuts in the cellar, that those who entered might be tempted to eat, and thus have their palates blunted before they tasted the wine."-p. 59. the manufacture of it of excellent quality, so that sons, and particularly the last, restored that valuaMartial preferred it as vinegar to the wine from ble tree to us in all its strength and vigour. which it was made. Vinegar was the drink not The theory of Mr. Knight, announced as it was only of the Roman soldiers, but also of the slaves from such high authority, created an alarm among and poorer peoplet Dr. Henderson is inclined to horticulturists, and this opinion has got hold among believe that the posca of the Romans could not have us. We know that some of our most enlightened The fourth chapter treats of the varieties and ge- been a mere mixture of vinegar and water, since farmers labour under this erroneous notion, which neral qualities of the ancient wines. It is very evi- this would not have formed a distinct trade, and we 'is actually influencing their practice to the neglect dent that, unless these qualities can be assimilated are informed that the favourite freedman of Vitel- of the good old varieties of apples, and a laborious to those of modern wines, little real and definite in lius, after he quitted that emperor, became a ven- search after new varieties equally good, to supply formation can be given on the principal and most der of posca; a passage in the Miles Glorios. of the place of the old fruit important subject of this chapter, and whoever has Plautus, [Act iii. sc. 2,] in which the slaves are re- From our own observation, we are persuaded endeavoured to give to another a clear and precise presented as having got access to the casks of wine that the theory of Mr. Knight is entirely unfoundnotion of the taste or flavour of any thing, must be and posca, seems to warrant this supposition, as it ed. We can show some very thriving trees, of the aware of the numerous and great difficulties which hardly can be supposed they would have stolen Dr. Henderson had to encounter in this branch of mere vinegar and water, their ordinary beverage. his inquiry. He justly remarks, "it is often no easy matter to determine with precision the characters of modern wines; of course it must be a still more difficult undertaking to describe those of ancient times. But as the terms by which their various fla- We are sorry to see an erroneous opinion pre-years longer. vours and other sensible properties are character-vailing among our horticulturists, that the best va- We can show also a number of trees of the Ribized have been long sanctioned and confirmed by rieties of our grafted fruit are on the decay. It is ston pippin, in a most flourishing condition, and modern use; and as the processes employed in the believed that the health and duration of the grafts, bearing every year; and yet, according to the theopreparation of them are now thoroughly understood, depend upon the age and health of the parent stock. ry, these trees ought to have been on the decay, by we may, in many instances, ascertain the respective This theory originated in England a few years sympathy with the parent tree. "The Ribston pipdegrees in which particular qualities would be im- since, and was first announced by Thomas Andros pin is a native of Ribston Park, Yorkshire. Harparted, and sometimes even discover to which of Knight, Esq. For some years past, says Mr. Hen-grave, in his history of Knaresborough, p. 216, says our present growths certain wines of the ancients ry Phillips, it has been stated by several ingenious This place is remarkable for the produce of a delibore the greatest resemblance."-p. 65. writers, that many of our best varieties of apples cious apple, called the Ribston pippin. The origi (To be continued.) GRAFTED FRUIT. old fashioned Pearmain, in a bearing state. The name of this fruit has been known in Salem above a hundred years. It was an old and well known fruit a century ago, and the modern trees have not decayed with the parent tree, but are as flourishing as we could desire, and promise to live an hundred Sweetness was an almost indispensable quality in could no longer be cultivated with success; that by nal tree was raised from a pippin brought from ancient wines. This Dr. Henderson proves beyond length of time they have become degenerated and France, from which tree such numbers have been a doubt; perhaps, however, a passage in Martial worn out. Mr. Knight, the President of the Horti- propagated, that they are now to be met with in is stronger on this point than any other passage in cultural Society, seems to have been the first who almost every orchard in this and many other counthe classics. He compares the nectar of the Gods gave birth to this idea. He says, in his Pomona tries.' The old tree is yet standing, and in the to Falernian, mixed with the honey of Attica, [Lib. Herefordiensis, that those apples which have been year 1787 produced six bushels of apples." Mr. xiii. ep. 108.] For these sweet wines the Romans long cultivated are on the decay. The Red-streak Knight would have us believe, and if his theory be were indebted to foreign countries; those of Italian and the Golden Pippin can no longer be propagated true, we must believe, that when this old tree degrowth were generally dry and rough, and required with advantage. The fruit, like the parent tree, is cays, every other tree throughout other countries age or the fumarium to niellow them. There were, affected by the debilitated old age of the variety." will decay also, thus, three classes of wines among the ancients, Again he says, in his Treatise on the Culture of the We are not confined in our observations to the sweet, dry, and an intermediate order, which was Apple and Pear, p. 6, "The Moil, and its successful apple alone. In noticing the history of the China, both sweet and dry, or sweetish. The Greek wines rival the Red-streak, with the Must and Golden or Sweet Orange tree, and its introduction into Euwere principally luscious, like Cyprus or Constan- Pippin, are in the last stage of decay; and the Stire rope, Mr. Phillips remarks, "The China, or Sweet tia; the Pramnian and Corinthian were dry, and and Fox-whelp are hastening rapidly after them." Orange, with which this country [England] is so required to be kept a number of years to soften "It is much to be regretted," says Speechly, "that amply supplied, and at such moderate prices, that their roughness and astringency; the stronger wines this apparently visionary notion of the extinction of all classes of society enjoy them as perfectly as if were generally high coloured; those from white certain kinds of apples should have been promul they had been indigenous to the climate, were not grapes of a yellow hue: none of these were sweet. gated by authors of respectability, since the mis- known to the ancient Europeans. They were first Their wines were designated from the place of take will, for a time at least, be productive of cer- brought into Europe by Juan de Castro, a celebratgrowth; or, in the case of a peculiarly fine vintage, tain ill consequences." ed Portuguese warrior, who made them a present from the contemporary consul. Five years were The author of the work we are quoting from, to the Condi Mellor, the king of Portugal's prime deemed requisite to mellow the more generous; says, "Having observed among the apples in Co- minister, who was only able to raise one plant from sometimes a much longer period. Sometimes wine vent Garden market, in 1819, a great quantity of a great number that were brought to Europe. This did not improve till it had been kept twenty years; the real golden pippins in a perfect state, the author tree, which was planted in 1548, is the parent tree after that it improved rapidly. Foreign wines at was induced to make particular inquiries respecting from which all the European orange trees of this tained a moderate age in six or seven years; and this fruit; and has received satisfactory accounts sort were produced, and is said to be now alive at were much benefitted by a sea voyage, if of a qua- from all quarters, that these trees are fast recover- Lisbon, in the garden of Count St. Laurent. It lity to bear it. ing from a disease, or canker, which appears to would be a most deplorable fact, if all the china The ordinary wines of Italy were very cheap, have been brought on by a succession of unpropi- orange trees throughout Europe depended on the though their exact price cannot accurately be de- tious seasons, but that the summer of 1818 and the decay of this tree. We have seen the beautiful termined; it seems to have varied from about one following year have greatly improved them." The groves of orange trees in the King's and Queen's penny to four pence the gallon. The inferior kind author continued his inquiries still further, and gardens Lisbon, but they were certainly not in of Grecian wine seems to have cost from 17. to 21. waited on some gentlemen who are well known in decay, but on the contrary, in a high state of vigor a hogshead; the better sort 71. or 8.; and Pliny all parts of the world, for their practical knowledge and production. mentions that this sum had been given for an am- in the cultivation of apples, and they were uniform- We have just eaten a pear from the old Endicott phora of the best Greek wine, when in its most per-ly of opinion, that the "apparent decay of some tree. This tree is said to have been imported from fect state. In A. D. 472, during the reign of Theo-trees was owing to the unfavourable springs we England by the governor nearly 200 years ago. It doric, it is mentioned as a proof of the abundance of have had for several years." is now in a state of decay. About 8 years since we the vintage, that wine was sold at less than three This decay of the apple in England, was similar procured a scion from that tree, which grew vifarthings a gallon.* to the decay of our peach trees in Massachusetts a gorously. Last year we gathered four bushels of We are rather disposed to agree with Grævius.few years ago. It will be recollected that about pears from it, and this year about half that quantiin opposition to Dr. Henderson, that acetum was 1814 we had a succession of wet and cold seasons, ty. There are no signs of decay to be seen on the kind of wine, or rather, as it is expressly called by which seemed to complete the destruction of many graft, but so far from any such appearance, the Macrobius, culpatum vinum, mismanaged wine.-of our peach trees. The succession of warm sea- whole tree, which is now large, affords a striking That it was, however, made purposely is undoub example of health, and strength, and vigor. ed; and Egypt seems to have been celebrated for Macrob. Satur. lib. vii. c. 6. Martial, lib. xiii. ep. that the continuation of a tree by grafting does not We could multiply instances to prove the fact, depend upon the health or decay of the parent stock. We have before us the works of Quintiney, "Queen of the field, in milk-white mantle drest, The lovely lily waved her curling crest." MODERNISED BY FAWKES. printed in 1719, John Lawrence, 1716, and Cox; It will be seen by the above comparative stateand could select many more facts to prove the fal- ment, that with one single exception, the average lacy of Knight's theory. We refer to the winter consumption of all sorts of wines, has diminished Bon Cretien "this is justly preferred before all nearly one half in the last eight years, as contrasted Catesby's lily was named in honour of Mr. others, being of great antiquity." Now, upon look- with that during the first eight years of the century. Catesby, who first found it in South Carolina. It ing at Cox, we shall find that our pear of the same Among the causes of this diminution may perhaps is one of the smallest of the lilies cultivated in this name is precisely the same fruit. But our trees are be enumerated; increased duties, more economy in country; the whole plant, when in bloom, being not in decay, which should certainly be the case, if expenditures of luxury, and above all, an enlarged, little more than a foot high. The flower is variousKnight's theory be true. fatally enlarged consumption of ardent spirits. We presume no one will deny that the propaga-| tion of trees and shrubs from cuttings, is in effect the same as their propagation by scions inserted in the body of another stock. The mulberry tree is propagated in this manner; so are figs, and currants, and gooseberries; and yet the new plants are not dependent on the tree or shrub from which they were taken. They start off into a new system of being, and thrive or decay, according to the favourable or unfavourable circumstances in which they are placed. [Salem Register. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. LILIES-LILIUM. LILIACEE. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ly shaded with red, orange and lemon colours, and has no scent. It blows in July and August. This lily does not produce offsets very fast. It must be carefully sheltered from frost, and be kept moderately moist. The Orange lily has a large and brilliant flower, of a glowing flame-colour, figured and dotted with French, le lis; lys.-Italian, giglio: in the Brescian, zei. black and fiery red. There are several varieties of this species: one of which, called the Bulb-bearing Although we usually associate the idea of extreme Fiery lily, puts out bulbs from the axils of the whiteness with the lily, so that it is common to ex- stalks; which, when the stalks decay, being taken press a pure white by comparison with this flower, off, and planted, will produce new plants. as with snow, and as white as a lily is an old and The Orange lily will thrive in any soil or situacommon proverb, yet lilies are of almost every va- tion, and is readily increased by offsets. The bulbs DIMINISHED CONSUMPTION OF WINES. riety of colour: perhaps there is no other flower should be removed every second year, and planted From a statement made to the Senate, by the that varies so much in this respect. again before Christmas. It may stand abroad, and Treasury Department; in answer to a call for a re"The common white lily," says Mr. Martyn, "has should be kept moderately moist. turn of the aggregate quantity of each description been cultivated in England time immemorial" The Of the Martagon lilies there are several species, of Wines imported annually into the United States stem is usually about three feet high. The flowers and many varieties of each. These are not caleusince 1800, with the duties to which they were sub- are brilliantly white, and glossy on the inside. It is lated for pots, but cannot be passed over without ject; we have drawn the following facts, showing a from the East; and in Japan the blossom is said to notice, since it is one of these lilies called the Chalmost extraordinary diminution in the consumption be nearly a span in length. This lily flowers in cedonian, or Scarlet Martagon, which has been deof wines, while our population and prosperity have June and July. The roots, which are mucilaginous, termined to be the poetical hyacinth. The Red, been going on so rapidly increasing in ratio. are sometimes boiled in milk or water, and em- and Yellow Martagons are commonly known by the The tables of this document present the regular ployed in emollient poultices; but they have not name of Turk s-cap lilies. annual importation of wines: beginning the series much reputation. An oil for the same purpose was of years with 1801 and ending with 1824. In order also prepared by infusing the roots in olive oil. to ascertain the average consumption for a given There are several varieties of the white lily: as, THE RURAL MAID. time, we have taken the first eight years from 1801 that with the flowers striped or blotched with pur- What happiness the rural maid attends, to 1808, both inclusive: and the last eight, from ple; that with the leaves striped or edged with yel In cheerful labour while each day she spends! 1816 to 1824, both inclusive. The results follow: low; one with double, and one with pendulous She gratefully receives what Heaven has sent, The duties payable during the same periods are also flowers. The double flowers are less fragrant than And, rich in poverty, enjoys content. given: the single; and the common kind is generally held (Such happiness, and such unblemish'd fame, in higher estimation than any of the others. Ne'er glad the bosom of the courtly dame:) This lily may easily be increased by offsets, which She never feels the spleen's imagin'd pains, 257,700 duty 50 cts. the bulbs furnish in great plenty. They should be Nor melancholy stagnates in her veins; 144,162 100 taken off every second year. The best time to re She never loses life in thoughtless ease, move it is about the end of August. soon after the Nor on the velvet couch invites disease; stalks decay It will thrive in almost any soil or Her home-spun dress in simple neatness lies, situation, is very hardy, and not liable to injury by And for no glaring equipage she sighs: frost. Few plants are more easily increased or Her reputation, which is all her boast, preserved than the lily, so remarkable for the beau- In a malicious visit ne'er was lost; ty and fragrance of its flowers. Malmsey, Madeira and London particular- from 1801 to 1808 Do. 1816 to 1824 Decrease, 113,516 galls. Burgundy, Champaigne, Rhenish, and TokayAn. av. cons. from 1801 to 1808 Do. 4,263 do. 1816 to 1824 6,363 The bulbs, when removed, may be treated as other bulbs; but the sooner these are replanted the better, as they do not keep so well out of the ground as many others. This lily is considered as an emblem of purity and elegance; and "The lady lily, looking gently down," is scarcely less a favourite with the poets, than the "The lily, of all children of the spring "In virgin beauty blows CHAUCER. AKMSTRONG. No midnight masquerade her beauty wears, SPORTING OLIO. GAY. ON DOG-BREAKING. (Continued from American Farmer, page 359.) In a short period you will perceive him draw more cautiously upon the scent; on approaching his object, he will pause even at a lark; but when a partridge happens to be before him, his pause or stop will be more steady, and his manner altogether much more earnest; and the difference of the object will be very clearly manifested in his countenance. He should now be taken out with an old *If, contrary to expectation, he should manif. st no disposition to pause or stop, after having been taken into the field half a dozen times, every time he springs steady dog, and whenever he comes to a point, the to crouch as before described, using the words, purpose a living hare should be procured, to the word toho! should be used, and afterwards the whip.'ware hare! or 'ware chase! neck of which a cord should be fastened: to the if the word prove unavailing. Whenever he sets, Hitherto, I have supposed that the dog-breaker other end of the cord (which may be six or seven approach him, at your regular pace, but seem not has been engaged with a mild, good, tempered ani- yards in length) should be attached a wire, which in a hurry, (as, if you run, he will be very apt to do mal, which will be easily rendered tractable by the wire should be thrust through the snout or cartilathe same,) and stand by him for a few seconds; if means just described; there are, however, dogs of a ginous part of the dog's nose. The hare will, of the birds do not rise, he should be allowed to ad-very different description, which require an excess course, spring forward at the sight of the dog, which vance, by saying, hold up! be mindful, however, of flogging, aided by other coercive measures, in will not fail to cause the most acute pain to the latthat he does not advance too rapidly, and in order order to enforce that indispensable degree of subor- ter; the whip should be applied at the same time, to effect this make use of words expressive of cau- dination, without which, shooting, so delightful with accompanied with the words, 'ware hare!* This tion, as take heed! When the old dog points, the well-trained pointers, is rendered irksome and vex- may be regarded, perhaps, as the excess of severiyoung one should be taught to back, which may be atious. ty, and should never be resorted to but when all accomplished in the following manner:-As soon as If repeated severe flogging fail to accomplish the milder means have been repeatedly tried in vain. the old dog settles to a point, supposing the young object of the sportsman, recourse must be had to To prevent an obstinate dog chasing hares, I have one happens to be at a distance, he must be observ the trash cord, or rather drag-cord. This is a cord sometimes seen the fowling piece used as a remedy. ed, as the moment he perceives the point, he would, something like a clock-line, about twelve or four-It may be regarded as a desperate one, which, if left to himself, rush eagerly up: however, he must teen yards in length, to be fastened round the dog's though it will generally have the desired effect, be prevented from so doing, by calling out toho! at neck, if in the fields; on the moors the dog will run should be used with the utmost circumspection. If the same time, holding up your hand.-If he obey with twenty yards, while twelve or fourteen will a dog is to be shot at, care should be taken that he not by gentle means, recourse must be had to the soon tire him in enclosed grounds:* the greater the is at a sufficient distance, as well as to hit him about whip. By these means he will, most likely, soon length of the cord, however, that can be used with the rump, otherwise you run great risk of killing become very steady; for dog-breaking, if attended propriety, the better: the cord may be shortened as him. to, at a proper period, and in a proper manner, the dog becomes fatigued. By the help of this cord In the earlier part of these remarks, I have mendoes not give half the trouble that is generally sup- you will be enabled to stop him whenever you please. tioned mild-tempered dogs. It will be requisite here posed. Holding up the hand is the signal for the However, we will suppose that he makes a point: to observe, that well-bred dogs are occasionally met dog to back; and, in a little time, whenever he sees should he attempt to run in, you must check him as with so very shy as to require encouragement rait, he will immediately stop, though he may be at smartly as possible, making use of the word toho! ther than correction: dogs of this description may the other end of the field, or at a considerable dis- and the whip also if you think proper This cord sometimes prove excellent; but I must confess I do will be very useful should the dog not come in when not like to see a shy dog. Animals of this sort should tance. At the same time, he should be taught to quarter he is called, &c. If, after a little practice with the never be taken with dogs that need much checking his ground in a proper manner, as well as not to drag-cord, the dog perseveres in springing his game, or flogging, as the very sight of the whip alarms break fence. In beating a field, care should be ta- or continues otherwise refractory the spiked collar them to such a degree that they will not stir from ken to give him the wind; or, at least, he should must be used. The spiked collar is merely a lea- behind you Nothing is more difficult than to manever be suffered to run directly with the wind: if thern strap, through which are inserted a dozen or nage very shy dogs: they must be encouraged to it blow in his face, so much the better, but a dog more small nails, the points of which should extend hunt; and if they commit an error, the means of will hunt very well with a side wind. The dog half an inch beyond the surface of the inside. On correction are difficult, and sometimes impossible: should cross about twenty yards before the shooter, the outside a piece of leather must be sewed over the least severity will most likely make them blink† and if, after running down the field, he should not the heads of the nails, to prevent their starting back their game; and when once this habit is contracted, cross up again at about the distance just mentioned, when the dog presses upon their points This is to it will require more than ordinary pains to eradicate he should be called to or whistled, and a wave of be buckled round the dog's neck, the points of the it. Many young dogs will be much alarmed at the the hand should direct him across the field; unless nails inwards, and the drag cord attached to it.-report of a gun; and yet, when reconciled to it, prove indeed he catch scent, when he should be suffered, Thus, when it becomes necessary to check him on excellent. Few shy dogs are ever very prizeable; I of course, to follow it. In case of attempting to his attempting to run in, or behaving otherwise un-never saw a good one. break fence, he should be instantly whistled to or ruly, the admonition, or rather correction, will be As I have spoken of the various methods to be called by name, in an angry tone, using at the same much more impressive; in a little time, his neck employed to render a dog steady at the point, to time the words 'ware fence! This will, in all pro will be very sore; and he must be contumacious be- range, and also to back, I must observe, in this bability, soon produce the requisite obedience; but yond measure if this mode of punisument does not pla e, that a dog should never be suffered to break should he refuse to obey the whistle or the call, produce the desired effect. fence; or, in other words, to leave the field till you the whip must produce what more gentle means are The most difficult part of dog-breaking is, per- are ready to accompany him, as much mischief may unable to effect. If he refuses to pay attention to haps, the reducing of the animal to perfect obedi- ensue from his being suffered to ramble out of sight, the whistle, he should receive a few stripes, (more ence in respect to hares. In the first instance, a or to a great distance. On his attempting to break or less, according to the disposition of the animal,) young dog will eagerly pursue larks or thrushes, or fence, the whistle should be used, the dog should the whistle occasionally used during the operation; in fact any of the feathered tribe which he happens be called by his name, (in an angry tone,) followed and so corrected, should he not return implicit obe- to meet with; the partridge being a larger object, by the words, 'ware fence!-the whip, &c. to be redience when called to. Thus, he will soon become and making considerable noise when taking wing, sorted to, as in other cases, if necessary, to procure pleasingly tractable. will be pursued by him with much more ardour, a obedience. However, as some young dogs are alarmed at the similar remark will equally apply to the pheasant, Generally speaking, as little noise as possible report of the fowling-piece, it will not be amiss, on which he will still more eagerly pursue: but very should be made. The voice or the whistle should the game rising, after having been properly set, to soon discovering the attempt to be hopeless, he will never be used, but when absolutely demanded: the fire a pistol, which will render him familiar to the shorten the distance of his pursuit, and ultimately dog will thus hunt steadier, and if you accustom sound. If his terror should increase on the firing abandon the chase altogether. Not so, however, him to the motion of your hand, he will regularly of the pistol, so as to frighten him from the field, with the hare; for perceiving that it does not leave look for the signal whenever he is at a loss. or induce him to run home, the experiment should the ground, but runs like himself, he will not very It is thought by some, that dogs broke on the be entirely abandoned till the shooting season, easily relinquish the hope of overtaking her, but grouse mountains are superior as to ranging: this is when he should be coupled to another dog, or other will rush forward with ungovernable ardour, and, doubtful, if not a mistaken notion altogether. In wise prevented from running away till a few birds even when lost sight of, will continue to follow the this respect, much will depend upon the animal are killed and shown to him.-If a bird be winged, chase by the nose. But there are few do,s which himself. he should be induced to foot it, and even suffered may not be rendered steady in respect to hares by Young dogs in general hunt with their noses cloto mouth it, which is by far the best method of re- the means which we have pointed out; and that ser to the ground than old ones, and are apt to puzconciling him to the discharge of the fowling-piece. where hares are numerous much sooner, of course, zle on the scent a considerable time after the game We will suppose that the dog is already steady at than where they are seldom met with. There is has left the spot A little practice will, however, partridges; yet if he happens to approach a hare, he' one effectual mode of reducing a dog to obedience most likely remedy these defects: if not, recourse will scarcely fail to rush at her at all events, he in this respect, should the whip, the drag-cord, and must be had to the muzzle peg, an instrument very will chase when she rises. In this case, he must be the spiked collar fail of the desired effect. For this well known amongst sportsmen, but which I will, brought back to the place whence he run, and made the game, he must be brought back to the spot whence *On the moors, the cord is drawn over the top of the *On all occasions of correction, the requisite word should uniformly accompany the punishment. † Blinking is when a dog finds game, and, on being spoken to, draws off, and runs behind you, and frequent ly without being spoken to. And laugh aloud with them that laugh." PRICES CURRENT. ARTICLES. Havana,. COTTON, Louisiana, &c. Shad, trimmed, WHOLESALE. RETAIL. per from to from to lb. 7 10 33 34 40 50 18 22 25 15 17 18 20 16 18 33 bush 90 95 nevertheless, describe. The muzzle-peg is merely a that wives are already well enough instructed in Grouse, partridges, or any kind of game, lie much better to a dog that winds them, than to one which approaches by the track. The dog that winds the scent approaches the game by degrees, and that An Ohio subscriber asks "whether the pri ces of the fine yellow Tobacco will be seriously reduced by the annual production, in Obio, of 50, or 100,000 HOGSHEADS!!! INQUIRIES RESPECTING ERYSIPELAS. I have the honour to remain, FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. 4 50 4 625 50 6 25 lb. Susquehanna, superfi. FLAX, GRAIN, Indian Corn, Rye, Barley,. bush 4 4 25 5 00 none 11 5 50 55 60 62 65 90 do. White Flint, Clover Seed, Red Oats, . Beans, White, LEATHER, Soal, best, 195 75 2 25 2 00 2 12 40 50 88 1 00 70 bbl 13 00 NAILS, 6a20d. more or less as he finds it wild or otherwise, which your widely circulated and very useful paper, to re-MEAL, Corn, kiln dried, bbl. 3 00 3 25 3 75 your nuhe is enabled to discover by the scent which is emit- quest the communication from some one of merous subscribers, of a cure for the Erysipelas, or ted; and though grouse or partridges see him hunt what is commonly called St. Anthony's Fire, and round them, they will be much less alarmed than particularly the Itching that attends this terrible when they observe him following their track, and disorder, with which the writer of this, has been suffer his near approach; or, in other words, lie well. sorely afflicted for the last seven years. The reason seems evident:-The dog, I apprehend, is seen by the birds (generally speaking) as soon as he enters the field; or, at all events, at a very considerable distance; and the moment they perceive him approach by the track, they take the alarm, supposing themselves discovered, or, at least, very likely to be discovered; but watching, as they assuredly do, the motions of the dog, and observing that he does not follow the track along which they have The subscriber has for sale, at his farm in Fairfax run, they conceive themselves undiscovered, and county, Virginia, (near Alexandria, D. C.) twenty gethus allow the dog to come to a steady point. It nuine, and very superior Merino Ram Lambs, which will may, moreover, be further remarked, that a dog be fit to take from the ewes in May or June next. which carries his head high will always find the most game, to say nothing of finding it in a handsome style. (To be continued.) Loaf, Ginger, Ground, . gal. 711 lb. 10 3 31 12 14 51 7 25 26 38 850 9 7510 11 20 16 18 20 1 00 12 CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On Breeding Sheep, by John Hare Powel, Esq.-The Art of Improving the Breeds of Domestic Animals, by the right hon. Sir John S. Sebright, M. P.-Letter from Dr. Ennalls Martin, in answer to Dr. Joseph E. Muse, on the preparation and use of Burned Clay as a manure -Answer to an Inquiry on the application of steamBOOKS MISSING- -Amongst other valued, if power to water mills-History of Ancient and Modern not valuable books, the Editor misses from his li-Wines, by Alexander Henderson, M. D., continued-WOOL, brary 5th, 6th and 7th volumes of the Annals of -On Grafted Fruit, opinion that the best fruits are deSporting and one volume of Volney's "Modern teriorating, controverted-Diminished Consumption of Researches in Ancient History." Any information Wines in the United States, from the Reports from the respecting them will be thankfully acknowledged. 1 15 1 25 150 175 8 5 009 00 doz. 4 Merino, full bl❜d lb. 1 502 00 2-50' 35 40 unwashed but free of 25 tags. the Lily-Lilium-Poetry, the Rural Maid, by Gay-On Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. Treasury Department-On the History and Culture of Dog-breaking, continued-Infallible cure for Chopped We would respectfully inform the ladies Lips-Inquiries respecting Erysipelas-Editorial-Adthat we have received some anonymous intimations vertisement. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St. No. 48.-VOL. 7. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, FEBRUARY 17, 1826. 377 AGRICULTURE. derable depth, sowing them in the proper season, juices, which an unintermitting production is perturning to advantage every inch of ground which petually consuming. They are acquainted with can produce the most inconsiderable crop, and pre-marl; they employ also common salt, lime, ashes, EXTRACT FROM THE MEMOIRS OF JO- ferring to every species of culture that of grain, as and all sorts of animal dung, but above all, that by far the most important. which we throw into the rivers: they make great SIAH QUINCY, JR. This system of culture, the last article excepted, use of urine, which is carefully preserved in every January 2d, (1775.)-This evening I had about appears to be the same that is recommended in all house, and sold to advantage. In a word, every two hours conversation with Colonel Barré, and our best authors, ancient and modern, who have thing produced by the earth is reconveyed to it from him I learned that he was once the friend of wrote on this subject, our common labourers are with the greatest care, into whatever shape the Mr. Hutchinson, in opposition to Governor Pownall, acquainted with it; but how much must our Euro- operations of nature or art may have transformed it. but that he had for a long time, and especially since pean farmers be surprised, when they are informed When their manures are at any time scarce, they his last arrival in England, wholly deserted him. that the Chinese have no meadows, natural or arti- supply the deficiency, by turning up the ground Colonel Barre, while we were viewing the pic-ficial, and have not the least conception of fallow- with the spade, to a great depth, which brings up tures taken from the ruins found at Herculaneum, ing, never allowing their lands the slightest repose. to the surface of the field a new soil, enriched with said, "I hope you have not the books containing The Chinese labourer would consider meadows, the juices of that which descends in its room. the draughts of those Ruins with you" I replied, of every denomination, as lands in a state of na- Without meadows the Chinese maintain a numthere was one set, I believed in the public library ture: they sow their lands all with grain, and give ber of horses, buffaloes, and other animals of every of our college. "Keep them there," said he, "and the preference to such grounds as we generally lay species necessary for labour, for sustenance and for they may be of some service as a matter of curiosi- out in meadows, which, lying low and being pro- manure. These animals are fed, some with straw, ty for the speculative; but let them get abroad, and perly situated with respect to water, are conse- some with roots, beans, and grain of every kind. you are ruined. 'Tis taste that ruins whole king, quently by far the most fertile. They affirm that a It is true they have fewer horses, and horned cattle, doms; 'tis taste that demolishes whole nations. I field sown with grain, will yield as much straw for in proportion, than we have, yet it is not necessary could not help weeping when I surveyed the ruins the nourishment of cattle, as it would have pro- they should have more. of Rome. All the remains of Roman grandeur are of works, which were finished when Rome, and the spirit of Romans, was no more, unless I except the ruins of the Emilian Baths. Mr. Quincy, let your countrymen beware of taste in their buildings, equipage, and dress, as a deadly poison." duced of hay, besides the additional advantage of The whole country is cut into canals, dug by the grain for the sustenance of man, of which they can industry of the inhabitants; extending from river to the animal creation. spare too, in plentiful seasons, a small portion for river, which divide and water this vast empire, like a garden. Travelling, transporting of goods, alSuch is the system adhered to from one extremi- most every species of carriage, is performed on ty of the empire to the other, and confirmed by the these canals, with great ease and small expense: Colonel Barré also added, in the course of con- experience of four thousand years, amongst a peo- they do not even use horses to drag their boats; versation, "about fifteen years ago I was through a ple, of all the nations in the world, the most atten- every thing is done by the sail or the oar, which considerable part of your country, for in the expe- tive to their interest. That which must render this they manage with singular dexterity, even in going dition against Canada, my business called me to plan of agriculture the more inconceivable to Eu- up the rivers. Where any kind of labour can be pass by land through Pennsylvania, New Jersey, ropeans, is the idea of their never allowing their performed at a moderate price by men, it is a maxNew York and Albany. When I returned again to lands to lie one season unlaboured. Those who im with them never to employ animals. In consethis country, I was often speaking of America, and for some years have endeavoured, with such public quence of this, the banks of their canals are culticould not help speaking well of its climate, soil and spirited zeal, to re-animate amongst us this neg vated almost to the water's edge; they lose not an inhabitants for you must know, sir, America was lected art, have considered as the first and most inch of ground: their public roads resemble our always a favourite with me; but will you believe it, important object, the multiplication of artificial foot-paths; their canals, however, are infinitely more sir, yet I assure you it is true, more than two-thirds meadows, to supply the defect of natural ones, for useful than highways: they convey fertility every of this island, at that time, thought the Americans the fattening of cattle; without once venturing to where, and furnish the people great part of their were all negroes." think of suppressing the mode of fallowing the subsistence in fish. There is no comparison begrounds, however far they carried their system of tween the weight which can be transported in a increasing the number of artificial pastures. boat, and that which can be conveyed in any kind This system, which appears the most plausible of of land carriage; no proportion between the exany they have projected, and is received with the pense. He greatest partiality by our farmers, is, nevertheless, The Chinese are still less acquainted with the contradicted by the experience of the greatest and use, or rather the luxury of chariots, and equipages the most ancient land-labouring nation in the world, of every kind, which crowd the principal cities of who regard the practice of meadows, and fallowing Europe. The horses necessary for these, assembled grounds. as an abuse, destructive of plenty and po- in thousands in our capitals, consume the produce pulation, which are the only important objects of of numberless acres of our best grounds, which, if agriculture. cultivated with grain, would afford subsistence for I arrive at Canton, where nev objects of admi- A Chinese labourer could not but smile, if you multitudes, who are dying of hunger. The Chiration arise; the noise, the moton, the crowd aug-informed him that the earth has occasion for repose nese wish rather to maintain men than horses. ments; the water, as well a land, being every at a certain fixed period of time: he certainly would The emperor and chief magistrates are carried where covered with multitude. Astonished at the say, that we deviated greatly from the point in through the cities by men, with safety and with amazing appearance, I inquie into the numbers of view, could he read our treatises, ancient and mo- dignity; their march is sedate and majestic, it the inhabitants of this city and suburbs; and after dern; our marvellous speculations on agriculture. threatens not with danger those who walk on foot: comparing different accouts, find that they must What would he say, if he saw our lands, part of they travel in a kind of galleys, safer, more comamount at least to eight undred thousand souls. them fallow, part of them employed in useless cul modious, equally magnificent and less expensive My surprise, however, is reatly increased, when I tures, and the remainder wretchedly laboured? than our land equipages. I replied I did not in the least doubt it, for that if I was to judge by the late acts of Parliament, I should suppose that a majority of the people of Great Britain still thought so; for I found that their representatives still treated them as such. smiled, and the conversation dropped. Col. Barré was among those who voted for the Boston port bill. Chinese Agriculture.-Extracts frm Travels of Philosopher. a learn, that to the northwrd of Canton, about five What would he say, what must be his feelings, if, I have before observed that the Chinese lose not leagues up the river, is village named Vachan, in travelling over our fields, he observed the ex- an inch of ground. They are very far, therefore, which contains a millio of inhabitants; and that treme misery and barbarism of their wretched cul- from allotting immense parks, of the finest ground, every part of this gres empire, extending about tivators? for the maintenance alone of deer, in contempt of six hundred leagues frm north to south, and as The Chinese lands, in general, are not superior the human race. The emperors, even those of the much from east to wst, is peopled in the same to ours: you see there, as with us, some excellent Tartar line, have never hitherto dreamed of formgrounds, others middling, the rest bad; some soils ing these parks; still less the grandees, that is, the proportion. By what art can th earth produce subsistence streng, others light, lands where clay, and lands magistrates and the learned: such an idea could for such numbers? Do the Chinese possess any where sand, gravel, and flints every where predomi- never find place in the mind of a Chinese. Even secret art of multipling the grain and provisions nate. their country houses, and boxes of pleasure, prenecessary for the narishment of mankind? To All these grounds, even in the northern provin- sent nothing to the eye all around, but useful culsolve my doubts, I tiversed the fields, I introduced ces, yield annually two crops, and in those towards tures agreeably diversified. That which constitutes myself among the bourers, who are in general the south often five in two years, without one sin- their principal beauty, is their delightful situation, easy, polite and affole, with some share of learn- gle fallow season, during the many thousands of judiciously improved; where, in the disposition of ing, and knowledg of the world. I examine, and years that they have been converted to the pur- the various parts which constitute the whole, there pursue them throgh all their operations; and ob-poses of agriculture. every where reigns a happy imitation of that beauserve that their cret consists simply in manuring| The Chinese use the same manures as we do, in tiful order of nature, from whence art has borrowtheir fields judiously, ploughing them to a consi- order to restore to their grounds those salts and ed all her charms. No. 48. VOL. 7. |