intimate knowledge of the characters and habits off ture. They have demonstrated the important truth. taken the liberty of translating and sending to you, those destructive myriads, which invade every de- that liberal attainments are not only compatible with under the impression they contain information that partment of our labours, and often blight our fond practicable farming, but that they contribute essen- may be valuable to the wool growers. est hopes, is exceedingly desirable: for it is only by tially to elevate the profession to its legitimate rank EXTRACT: such knowledge that we can successfully contend in the scale of human pursuits. It is to such men, "The Rambouillet flocks, and most all those of against their ravages. The obstacles presented by chiefly, that we are indebted for the Agricultural unfavourable soils, climate, and seasons, are but Associations, which have recently been formed in France, have inferior wool to most of the Saxony, trifling impediments in the way of our prosperity, various parts of the United States, and from whose and that of the flocks of Naz, which now begins to compared with the havoc committed by insects, in agency we may fairly hope for the most beneficial enjoy the reputation they merit. The reason of this the various stages of their existence. Frequently, results. In aid of their labours, there have also ap-most parts of France, they give too abundant and is, that at Rambouillet, and after its example, in after devoting the greatest care and attention to peared several valuable Agricultural Journals, diftheir culture, we are doomed to see our choicest fusing light and knowledge throughout the land: succulent nourishment-in such manner that they have made them much fatter and larger than the fruits, our most valuable crops of grain, and, some- amongst which, it may be permitted to distinguish times, even the herbage in our pastures, ruined and one, which has so honourably distinguished itself; wool has become more abundant, but not so fine as race which came from Spain. By these means the swept away by the devastations of those formidable by the zeal and ability with which it has advocated that of Saxony, or as that of Naz. These last are invaders. Against such multitudinous foes it is vain our best interests, under the appropriate title of from sheep imported from Spain; but the proprieand futile to wage a direct warfare. It is by a sci- The American Farmer. tor, Mr. Naz, has had the good judgment to give more." entific acquaintance with their history,-an intimate Seeing, then, that our most intelligent and prosknowledge of their habits,--that we are to check perous Agriculturists sustain, by their example, the only as much nourishment to these animals as would their multiplication, or avert the mischiefs which positions which I have assumed, I trust their impor- has taken great care in selecting the animals deskeep them in good condition (bien ventretenir,) and they perpetrate. Some signal instances of the bene-tance will be correctly appreciated by those whom tined to propagate the species. It is thus that he fits to be derived from this knowledge, are recorded I have the honour now to address: and that every has succeeded in preserving the small race, and to in the annals of science; and are familiar to every allowance will be made for the cursory and imper- have wool which, in commerce commands a price naturalist. We have, in some measure, availed fect manner in which my views have been presentourselves of it, in the processes of Agriculture. Weed. Entertaining, as I do, the highest veneration equal to that of Saxony." He afterwards goes on to state, that those who wish to improve their flocks have ascertained that certain modes of culture, cer- and respect for the character of the Independent tain seasons for ploughing and sowing, the intro- Farmer,—my only object has been to show, that it ought to prefer sheep from the flocks of Naz, or duction of certain varieties of grain, &c., will inter- was due to himself, and to his profession, to avail than 500 francs each; for the Germans have carried those of Saxony. The first cannot be had for less fere with the propagation, and prevent some of the himself of all the lights which science can impart, off a number at that price, and propose to buy ravages, of those destructive enemies. But much and to keep pace with the rapid strides of general remains yet to be known, to enable us to obviate, improvement, in this improving age. I consider it I stated, in a former communication, as the recompletely, those ruinous and vexatious evils: and all important that our American Agriculturists should whoever shall contribute towards the accomplish- be duly informed in every department of useful sult of my experience, that the poorest sheep, in ment of so desirable an object, will be entitled to knowledge--not merely that they may secure the point of flesh, gave the finest wool at shearing. I think it is impossible to combine in the Merino, a the lasting gratitude of the Agricultural communi- prosperity, and sustain the dignity, of their immety.* diate profession--but because I view an enlighten- that, as the wool improves, the animal decreases in large carcass and very fine wool; and we will find If he who caused two blades of grass to grow ed Yeomanry as constituting the best hope of the size. The increased value of the wool, and the cirwhere but one grew before, was esteemed superior Republic, and the surest guarantee for the duration cumstance of their requiring less to keep them, are to all the warriors and statesmen who had defended of its freedom: For if ever the flame of Liberty indeed great inducements for us to go to some little and adorned their country,-what should be the ho- shall, unhappily, be extinguished in our country, nours awarded to him whose discoveries would ena there is nothing hazarded in the prediction, that expense in the procurement of good rams. Very respectfully, yours, ble us to guard our harvest fields from devastation, the last scintillations of the celestial fire will be oband secure the delicious fruits of our orchards, our served among the intelligent cultivators of the soil. JOHN S. SKINNER, ESQ. vineyards, and our gardens? Surely, the knowledge that could accomplish this, would be worthy SHEEP. of the most strenuous efforts to attain: and I am convinced it never can be fully attained, without Brokenstraw, Warren county, Pa. the aid of those lights which are afforded by natural In one of your late papers I observe an editorial science. Hence it is, that I have ventured to invite notice of the comparative value of the Saxon and your attention, to subjects which have been too common Merino sheep. Your observations relative much neglected, (not to say despised, as being to the great advantage which will result from cross-prodigious extent and of great promise, the raising thought idle, and unprofitable,) by a numerous poring our sheep with the Saxons, are undoubtedly cor- of light or yellow tobacco. Present prices are from tion of our farmers. Although they possess informa-rect. As you have samples of wool of the Saxon $6, to $40, per cwt. and from seven to nine cwt. are tion, more or less extensive, in every branch to bucks in your possession, I will enclose you a small raised on an acre. Of its continuance I am doubtwhich I have adverted, yet from the want of those sample taken from one of my young bucks, descend- ful, and of the business very ignorant. It is peculiaids afforded by the elementary principles, and the ed, as my sheep generally are, from a Rambouillet arly fitted to our light thin rolling warm oakhill soil, lucid methods of scientific arrangement, their pro-ram, imported many years since by Mr. Dupont, of and such as your small back lots at the Bowling gress is difficult, their theories, or deductions, are Delaware. On comparison, you will find it to be Green. The profits of the crop last year were bevague and unsatisfactory, their experience is fre- very nearly equal to many samples of fine Saxon yond all example. The farmers netted from 50 to quently unprofitable, both to themselves and to wool. I may, perhaps, be wrong, but from compa- 100 dollars an acre, clear profit. Maryland will be others, and the success of their operations wholly risons which I have made with Saxon wool, import- entirely outdone in this business by us. One half of ed into Philadelphia, and which sold for $1.60 per our farmers are engaging in it. But should this and necessarily fortuitous. DEAR SIR, WM. A. IRVINE. CULTURE OF TOBACCO IN OHIO. Extract of a letter from A. DowAN, Esq. of Zanesville, Ohio, to GEORGE LEWIS, Esq. of Moncey, Pennsylvania, dated 7th Dec. 1825. THERE is a new business just started here, to a A new era, however, is happily dawning upon us. pound, I should pronounce it superior. Yet I am branch be over done, of which there appears to me Some of our most enterprising, and successful farm-confident that if all our wool was of equal quality, great probability, it will have this great and good ers, are distinguished by their acquirements in eve- and we were to bring it into the market as American effect, of vastly stimulating industry, and of greatly ry branch of science which has relation to Agricul- Merino, it would not command more than half of extending the amount of productive real estate in the above price I have known several persons who the hilly parts of Ohio. As it would now seem, it It is but justice here to state, that we are under professed themselves judges of wool, deceived, and will bring more money into the state than all our great obligations to our fellow citizen, Mr. THOMAS SAY, who gave preference to the American over the contemplated publick improvements taken together. of Philadelphia, for his elegant illustrations, and scien-Saxon samples. After handling, the only true test There is a general tobacco mania. Labour is in tific researches in Entomology: as also for the patient is the quarter glass I also enclose a specimen of demand, and rising in consequence of it. Our merand persevering industry with which he continues to Saxon wool, said to have been sold at New York for chants are now giving from $6, to $10, per cwt. prosecute his inquiries in that interesting department $3.25 per pound, and which was stated to be cheap, for the growth of this season, and paying cash. of Natural History. Mr. JAMES WORTH, of Bucks coun- inasmuch as the cost of manufacturing a yard of When in Baltimore I saw Mr. Payson, and other ty, a highly intelligent member of this Society, has 6-4 cloth that will sell for $10, little exceeds that of intelligent merchants, who likewise directed his attention to the subject; and has gave the most encouragset an example of practical investigation into the habits cloth which will not command more than $5 or $6 ing information about pursuing the business. Now of insects, with a view to counteract their mischiefs, per yard. our farmers, instead of spending their winter in which entitles him to our best thanks, and is worthy to In a letter from Count Lasterie to a gentleman torpor, idleness and ruin, will be as industriously be imitated by every enlightened farmer in our coun-in Paris, relative to sheep, there are some remarks engaged in grubbing and clearing as in the rest of on the Rambouillet and Saxon sheep, which I have the year. This will increase the amount of the By. value of the annual industry of a whole people to times a day, for at least a week, to render it ductile, crop may be selected with considerable advantage, a prodigious degree. But, as I before said, it is an taking care that it shall not be so tough as to crack as it is that which is not only the most important experiment, so far as I know; and I am ignorant of in dry weather. to the interests of mankind, but because the pretobacco, and tobacco markets. I only state the com- The French and Dutch make their grafting clay sence of particular substances in it are better known mon talk and the prospects. It is almost too good a one half fresh cow dung, and one half fresh loam, and more generally acknowledged. If we examine boon to expect that the present prices of this kind of intimately incorporated. See En. of Gard. p. 441. the straw of wheat, we shall find it composed of tobacco will continue. Some raised here last year REMARKS-The uses of grafting clay are to pre-what may be considered common vegetable matter, brought $40 per cwt., and a great part $15 and $18. vent extravasation of the sap, the drying of the or of matter composed of oxygen, hydrogen and The freight to Baltimore (the only market,) was but wood, and the introduction of water to the wound carbon, with a small quantity of carbonate of lime; $2 per cwt., and less; yet our most intelligent, pru- or cleft. Both the preceding compositions, proper-so also, if we examine the constituents of the grain, dent men, are preparing to raise next year from 4 ly prepared, are efficient. Indeed, fresh cow dung we shall find them distinguished into starch and to 40 acres each-some talk of still more. It must is alone one of the best applications I know of to glutin: and if we carry our researches still farther, be entirely new land, and that bears but two or the wounds of trees. I have applied it successful- we shall find that the elements of starch are prethree crops. y, with bandage, to the trunk of a tree from which cisely the same with the elements of common vege Respectfully, yours, &c. A. DOWAN. TO COTTON PLANTERS. [The Editor asks the favour of an answer to the following queries:] Eastville, Northampton co., Va, Jan. 2, 1826. I heard of you from our commissioners, that you the whole circle of bark had been taken off ten table matters; but the elements of glutin will be make great efforts to aid and befriend them. Our inches; and I have found it equally efficacious to found analogous to those of animals; or, in addition canal business has progressed with a success be- the crown and limbs, in cases of amputation and to oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, there will be found yond all expectation. Provisions and labour low, bruises. It should be applied immediately after the nitrogen. The production of this nitrogen, as has as well as wages; labourers in plenty, and the sea-wound is made. But the objection is not to the been already observed, cannot be effected by mere sons most propitious even to this day. Every thing materials, but to the trouble of preparing and common vegetable matter; and, therefore, the mahas conspired to aid us, and the heavens have applying them. I can recommend, from thorough nure employed in the production of the straw and smiled on our great undertakings. experience, the following grafting composition, starch, could not produce the glutin also. If the as being superior to either. Take one part of presence of glutin were accidental, or the value of tallow, two parts of bees' wax, and four parts of the flour did not depend upon it, then little care rosin. Melt the whole together; turn the mixture need be taken to provide for its formation; but as into water, and work it in the hands as the shoe- it is required to be constantly present, and the value maker does his wax to incorporate the parts. The of the flour does essentially depend on it, therefore warmth of the hand will soon bring it to a proper provision ought to be made for it. In quantity it is consistence when wanted for use, and a little grease not inconsiderable, but it composes nearly one-third will prevent its adhering to the fingers. A small part of the grain. That the operations of husbandMR. SKINNER, piece is broken off, flattened in the hand, and co-ry, as regards wheat, should be conducted without Having received orders from several gentlemen vered over the cleft or wound. If of the thick- any reference to this peculiar substance, is very refor my "cotton planter and cultivator," I should feel ness of a shilling, it will neither melt, crack or peal markable. That the failure of crops has never indebted to any of your correspondents to the South off. been ascribed to its deficiency, is still more wonderfor information as to the proper quantity of seed to Food of Plants.-Giobert mixed together lime, ful." "The process of vegetation, and the constibe deposited in one spot. It is to be understood alumine, silex and magnesia, (the earthy constitu- tuents of vegetables, are not known to the practithat the machine can be constructed so as to drop ents of all soils,) in such proportions as are gene-cal farmer, because they have been difficult to the seed at any required distance from 3 to 30 inch- rally to be met with in fertile soils, and moistened ascertain; and the nature of his manure is involved es, and in any quantity from 10 to 100 seeds in a them with water. Several different grains were in the same obscurity. He supposes it to contain spot. I should like to know, therefore, what quan- then thrown into this artificial soil, which germi- every thing needed for every crop." tity would be preferred, so as to ensure a sufficien-nated indeed, but did not thrive, and perished when "If we pursue our investigations a step farther cy and yet not use them too profusely. An early the nourishment of the colydelons was exhausted. than we have done, we shall discover that phosanswer would much oblige, Loudon's En. of Gard. p. 201. phate of lime is as constant a constituent of wheat Here is an evidence that the seed of the vegeta-flour as glutin itself. Phosphate of lime. therefore, ble, like the egg of the animal, affords nourishment is as much needed for the production of a crop of sufficient, and only sufficient, to develop the embry- wheat, as the substances which supply the starch on. The experiment would have been more satis- and glutin. It is not a little remarkable, that this factory, and would have determined the efficiency phosphate of lime is soluble in no known fluid, exof the atmosphere, as it did of mere earths, in cept through the medium of an animal substance, yielding vegetable food, had seeds of the most suc- as gelatine, &c. and consequently the same animal culent plants, say of clover, been sown, and the substances which furnish the elements of the glutin, earth frequently stirred, so as to give it free access will also furnish a medium for the phosphate of to the roots. But it establishes one very important lime, which appears to be equally indispensable to fact, that the fertility of a soil (other circumstances, the formation of a perfect grain of wheat." such as moisture, temperature, &c. having their "The only substance now employed for the proweight,) is in the ratio of the vegetable and animal duction of glutin, is the urine of live stock; the almatter combined with it, and that without some vine excrementitious matter having been proved to portion of these, in a soluble state, it is a mere contain little or no nitrogen. This urine is applied caput mortuum. How important is it to know the either by folding, or mixed with farm-yard maquantity of vegetable food in our soils-and to hus-nure." Yours, &c. F. H. SMITH. COTTON INQUIRY. Head of Chester, Jan. 2, 1826. RURAL ECONOMY. MR. EDITOR, Albany, Jan. 4, 1826. band it and increase it by judicious management. Do we not find in the preceding extracts a ready Wheat soil.-Grisenthwaite (New Theory of Agri-solution of the question, why many lands, particuIn my reading, I occasionally make notes of such culture, 1819,) was the first to generalize the fact of larly in the New England states, which once grew facts as are likely to be of future use to me in my peculiar substances being found in plants, in addi- wheat, will not grow it now, although they are mafarming and gardening, either for the purpose of impressing them stronger on my mind, or to be tion to the common elements of oxygen, carbon, nured? Is it not owing to the exhaustion of animal enabled to refer to them more readily. To these hydrogen and nitrogen. "Elements of primary matter, and the almost universal loss of the urine sometimes subjoin such observations as my practice regards magnitude and figure. Hence, when one constituents for a wheat crop? The urine of aniprinciples," says he, "admit of no alteration, but as of our stock, which can alone yield the necessary or reflections suggest. I propose to send you, oc-substance is designed to be transmuted into any mals constitutes a moiety of the manure of the casionally, a sheet of these notes and observations. other substance; as sugar, by fermentation, into al- Flemish farmers. It is carefully collected in tanks They will tend to show the utility of science in ru-cohol or acetic acid, or manure into grain, it is ob- or cisterns, to which there are conductors from the ral economy-to stimulate men of leisure to extend vious that the elements of the second must necessa- cattle sheds, and is applied in a liquid state. But the knowledge of this usefulness, and to benefit the rily be contained in the first; for if they be not, the as I despair of seeing the economy of the Flemings mere practical reader. transmutation cannot take place. This will render imitated among us at present, I will suggest a J. B. it evident that a knowledge of the elements or means of saving at least a portion of what is now Grafting Clay-The British nurserymen use, in constituents of bodies, which are intended to be lost, in a practicable and cheap way. It is simply grafting, a compound of clay, fresh horse-dung and changed into each other by certain processes, should to construct concave cattle yards, which shall colchopped hay; the horse-dung constituting a fourth be previously possessed, in order that the process lect and hold the urine and other liquids. Almost part. The mass is intimately mixed with water, may be conducted with a probability of success." any soil will soon be so puddled as to retain the and beaten with a stick, or spatula, two or three To illustrate the preceding reasoning, the wheat liquids: but if the yard be plentifully littered with Your obed❜t serv't, 1. What depth has he got? 298 feet. 2. Is he boring at this time? He is, with 5 hands. unworthy husband. How often is a woman grieved by the foolish extravagance of her husband! Among other absurdities, will he not sometimes give for a horse, or a straw and stalks, they will be absorbed to a great the subject of Mr. Disbrow's boring for water at guage, is perhaps the return she receives from her extent; or they may be conducted by a drain to a this place, in which you askcistern. Ammonia is generated and dissipated by fermentation; but a good covering of litter in the spring, by excluding heat and air, will retard fermentation until it is time to cart the mass to the field. The experiments of Grisenthwaite admonish the farmer of the impropriety of repeating his wheat crops upon the same field, at short intervals. Bones, hair, and other animal substances, contribute to the formation of glutin. I have kept a memorandum, for some time, of dog, or spend at a tavern or a club, a sum of money his work, which is as follows: 66 66 1825. Nov. 5-120 feet. Dec. 16-254 feet. "12-150 66 "22-170 Dec. 2-204 66 66 9-230 66 absolutely wanted for the necessary comforts of his family; thus squandering, in a moment of simple folly, what perhaps has cost his wife many a hard effort to save. When once a man has entered the marriage state, he should look on his property as belonging to his family, and act and economize accordingly. Scientific Memoranda applicable to Rural Affairs. Grisenthwaite, in the New Theory of Agriculture 4. What is his prospect of ultimate success? Mr. Disbrow has always appeared entirely san- I remember being acquainted with a gentleman already quoted, to confirm the opinion of specific guine of reaching water; but this, I infer, arises who was constantly saying, "It is true, my propersaline substances being present in particular plants, from the circumstance of his having heretofore ty is large; but then it belongs not to myself alone, states, 'that barley always contains a quantity of either succeeded in all his attempts. He does not appear but also to my children: and I must act as a frugal nitrate of soda or nitrate of potassa, (salt-petre,) and to me to have any theory, and very little science, agent for them. To my wife, as well as those chilhe recommends that the seed of this grain be at but much mechanical ingenuity and great perse-dren, I feel accountable either for economy or exleast steeped in a solution of this salt, as a means of verance. The boring has gone through various travagance." Another gentleman of my acquainincreasing the product; that the superoxalate of strata, and is now working laboriously through a te-tance, who was in stinted circumstances, was conlime is the saline food of the pea; that sulphuretted nacious, apparently incipient grey free-stone, which stantly debarring himself of a thousand little comhydrogen gas is constantly present in turnips, and is yields to the auger with difficulty, and becomes forts, even a glass of wine after dinner, sooner than supplied by gypsum; and that gypsum (sulphate of hard on exposure to the air. Mr. D. is at present infringe on what he used to call, his children's birthlime,) is the saline food of clover, lucern, and sain-in New Jersey. right. foin. "Neither wheat, nor barley, nor oats, derive any advantage from gypsum, as it forms no necessary constituent of those grains." En. of Gard. p. 302. Very respectfully, your obed't serv't, JOHN ROBERTS. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. The three following remarks, from the pen of the excellent Mrs. Taylor, are well worth attention. "To what sufferings are those wives exposed, who are not allowed a sufficiency to defray the expenses These facts are in corroboration of the opinions of their establishment, and who never obtain even advanced by Davy, (Ag. Chem. p. 293, &c.) that the their scanty allowance, but at the price of peace! beneficial effects of gypsum can neither be ascrib-A Men who act in this way often defeat their own ined to its solvent qualities, nor to its power of attentions; and by constant opposition render their tracting moisture from the air, but to the fact, that it constitutes a necessary saline food for the plants wives lavish and improvident, who would be quite the reverse were they treated in a more liberal which yield it on analysis. "When combined with manner. Wherever it is adopted, it is utterly dewater," says Davy, "it retains that fluid too power- In pecuniary matters do not be penurious, or too structive of connubial confidence, and often comfully to yield it to the roots of plants;" and experi- particular. Your wife has an equal right with pels women to shelter themselves under mean conments satisfied him that it did not assist in the putre-yourself to all your worldly possessions. "With trivances and low arts." You complain that your faction of animal substances, nor in the decomposi-all my worldly goods I thee endow," was one of the wife uses manœuvres and efforts to get money from tion of manure, but the reverse. most solemn vows that ever escaped your lips, and you: be generous to her; treat her as a wife ought ON EXPENDITURE. The experiments of the two writers here quoted, if she be a woman of prudence, she will in all her to be treated, and I venture to affirm you shall have and there are none we can quote of better authori- expenses be reasonable and economical: what more no further cause of complaint. "A man who supty, show conclusively that gypsum is an actual ma- can you desire? Besides, really, a woman has in-plies unavoidable and necessary expenses with a nure, and becomes a constituent part of certain numerable trifling demands on her purse, innume- parsimonious hand, will rarely be attentive to the plants; and that it is in no wise beneficial to, be- rable little wants, which it is not necessary for a extra calls of sickness, or endeavour to alleviate, cause it does not constitute a component part of, man to be informed of, and which, if he even went by his kindness, the sufferings of a constitution other plants. Of the first class, clover, lucern, sain- to the trouble of investigating, he would hardly un-perhaps wearing out in his service. It was observfoin, rye grass, cocks-foot, meadow fox-tail, and derstand. ed, upon the subject of cruelty to animals, that turnips are known to be embraced; and I doubt not You give your wife a certain sum of money. If that maize, potatoes, and some other broad-leaved she be a woman of prudence; if your table be com- scourge a poor animal to death, think themselves many, because they would not drown, burn, or plants may be added to it, and will afford gypsum fortably kept, and your household managed with sufficiently humane, though they suffer them to faon analysis, as they are evidently benefited by its economy and regularity, I really cannot see the ne-mish with hunger: and does not the conduct of many application. But before gypsum can become the cessity of obliging her to account to you for the husbands suggest a similar idea? They imagine, food of plants, it must be decomposed, so as to be exact manner in which she has laid out each penny that if they provide carefully for the maintenance taken up by the minute pores of the roots; and the in the pound. Pray, do allow her the power of of their families; if their conduct is moral; if they reason of its lying dormant an entire season, and buying a yard of muslin, or a few pennyworth of neither beat, starve, nor imprison their familiessometimes longer, is probably owing to the want of pins, without consulting the august tribunal of your they are all that is requisite to constitute good husthe necessary agents to decompose it. "Gypsum is judgment whether they shall be quaker-pins or bands, and they pass for such among the crowd: soluble in about 500 times its weight of cold water, minikins. but as their domestic virtues are chiefly of the ne Chapter VIII. and is more soluble in hot water." (Ag. Chem. 294.) I have often with wonder remarked the indif-gative kind, the happiness of her whose lot it is to And it is readily decomposed by oxalic acid, (Parkes' ference with which some men regard the amiable be united to such an one for life, must be of the Chem. Ess.) which abounds in sorrel, dock, and some and superior qualities of their wives! I by no same description. Even the large allowance, 'Have other plants usually found on a clover or light soil. means mean to say, that every wife possesses those what you like,' is insufficient to satisfy the feelings These facts seem to indicatequalities: I only speak of a description of females of many a woman, who would be more gratified by That it is useless to sow gypsum upon wheat, rye, who are, in truth, an ornament to their sex-wo- the presentation of a flower, accompanied with exbarley, and other crops which do not yield it on men who would go the world over with the hus-pressions of tenderness, than by the most costly inanalysis; and band they love, and endure, without shrinking, eve- dulgence they could procure for themselves." That it is adviseable to sow it early upon grasses, ry hardship that world could inflict. Is his income while moisture is abundant, and to plough it under stinted? With what cleverness will a wife of this for summer crops, that the agents of decomposi- description act, and economise, and endeavour to tion, water and the oxalic acid of plants, may act abridge her expenses; sitting down with such cheer- Is there a prospect of your wife becoming a momore efficiently in bringing it into action. J. B. fulness to her scanty meal, suffering privations that ther? Then, indeed, has Providence placed her in probably she never was accustomed to, concealing the most interesting of all female situations; and their poverty from the world, and endeavouring to strong is her claim on your tenderness. The cirgild it over with a genteel and respectable appear- cumstance is a silent, though powerful appeal to Extract of a letter from Mr. Roberts, Mayor of the ance; nursing and educating her children, and as-your feelings; and he must truly have an unfeeling, town of Alexandria, dated Jan. 9, 1826. suming perhaps in the same day the varied charac-I might almost say an unprincipled disposition, who ter of gentlewoman, preceptress and housewife; and does not find himself irresistibly drawn by the new Sir, I have received your letter of the 7th, on yet insensibility to her merit ofttimes unkind lan-and tender tie which now exists. BORING FOR WATER. MR. J. S. SKINNER, ON INCREASE OF FAMILY. It may, however, be the will of the Almighty, to I hope I shall not trespass on my reader's pawithhold offspring from you; and any thing said, tience, if I introduce what Milton so beautifully either by husband or wife, that could give the other says on this subject. He first speaks of Adam, as pain on this subject, is more than reprehensible; it placed among all the exquisite beauties of Parais contemptible. A woman is scarcely ever so un- dise: amiable as to do it: and should her husband be unfeeling enough to betray even a word which could hurt the feelings of his wife on the occasion; he may talk and sophisticate the matter as he pleases, but in truth he can have but little pretension to religion, to sentiment, or to feeling. How unlike the noble-minded Elkanah, when, with sentiments at once manly and tender, he thus addresses his weeping wife: "Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?" (1 Sam. i. 8.) CONCLUSION. "Surrounded by fragrance and by joy, By hill and dale, and shady woods, and sunny plains, Still he is dissatisfied: an aching void, a want of Author of this universe, And all this good to man! for whose well-being But with me, I see not who partakes. In solitude And now, proud lord, farewell: my whisper is nearly ended; and I am very certain my silence will not grieve you. But ere we finally part, allow me to call to your recollection that most important period of your life, when, at the altar of your God and in the presence of your fellow creatures, you Though perfectly anticipating Adam's wishes, solemnly vowed, "to love your wife, to comfort her, and quite conscious "it was not good for man to be to honour and keep her, in sickness and in health, alone," still does the Almighty seem desirous for better for worse, in poverty and in riches, and, to put his feelings to the test, and points out the forsaking all others, to keep thee only unto her, as innumerable beauties and pleasures which surround long as you both should live!" Let me ask, have him in this "garden of bliss," mentioning the vayou kept this solemn vow? Commune with your rious birds and fishes, and beasts, he has brought own heart; ask your conscience and your feelings; him for his use, and asks what more he can desire? and tremble before an offended God if you have But Adam, still discontented, says he wants somedared to break it. thing like himself Surely the brute cannot be human consort?” At length, the Almighty condescendingly an- "Thus far to try thee, Adam, I was pleas'd; How impressive, on all occasions, are the words of St. Paul; and in what a sweet and tender point of view does he appear when he says, "Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them." (Col. iii. 19.) And again, "Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the Church, and gave himself for it. So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife, loveth himself. For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth it and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the Church. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh." (Eph. v. 25, 28, 29, 31.) "Wherefore," says our and thus goes on: blessed Saviour, "they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder." (Matt. xix. 6.) In the second chapter of Genesis, this subject is mentioned with peculiar simplicity and beauty. "And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." (ver. 7.) “And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and he took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.” (ver. 8, and 15.) "And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and brought them unto Adam; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him. And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; and the rib which the Lord God had taken from man made he a woman, and brought her unto the man." And Adam (evidently struck with delight by the lovely being produced from his sidethe very side next his heart,) affectionately says, "This is now bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man." And then, as if impressed with the importance and sacredness of the union, what an observation is the following! "Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh." (ver. 18-24.) Adam relates the above to the angel Raphael, "He ended, or I heard no more, for now Abstract, as inga trance, methought I saw From thence a rib, with cordial spirits warm, That what seem'd fair in all the world, seem'd now Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, I, overjoy'd, could not forbear aloud, PRICES CURRENT. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. ARTICLES. Havana,. COTTON, Louisiana, &c. per from to lb. 7 11 33 18 35 19 25 15 17 18 20 of the civilized world. It appears that the home tion of native produce is added that of foreign pro- Fine, the United States, which is wonderfully increased During the period of a single generation, the do. White Flint, . Rye, 7575 5 00 5 50 5 50 54 57 Wheat, Family Flour, 1 05 60 87 80 85 lb. Much less time would be necessary to enable France to develop her advantages which she derives from her favourable climate, from the vast and fertile territory, from her numerous, active, and The greatest inferiority of France exists in the industrious population, and especially from her HEMP, Russia, clean, Do. Country warehousing or deposit system, and re-exportation social organization. It would be more easy for HOPS, trade. This important branch is, in Great Britain, France to succeed in this undertaking than was for HOGS' LARD, more than five times as much as in France, and in her, ten years ago, the task of repairing the disas- LEATHER, Soal, best, the United States it is about three times as much. ters of a civil war and foreign invasion, of render- MOLASSES, sugar-house gal. The exportation of indigenous productions, which ing herself capable, after a maritime exclusion of MEAL, Corn, kiln dried, bbl. 3 00 3 25 3 75 affords a test of the agricultural and manufacturing 30 years, so closely to follow Great Britain in that NAILS, 6a20d. prosperity of each country, is, on an average of career of commerce in which so much ability and years, found to be as follows:Great Britain, France, Thus it will be seen that England annually exports a quantity of native productions which equals or even surpasses in value all the exportations of a similar nature of the other great commercial powers; and a population of 22,000,000 is able, with the assistance of superior industry, to produce every year riches equal, at least, to those which are created by three states peopled by 85,000,000 of inhabitants. The exportations of France of agricultural and ERRATUM.-In Mr. Barton's communication on manufacturing produce are only equal to the half "cob-meal," p. 333, 1st column, line 10, for average, of those of England, whilst they almost equal the read omega. whole of those of Russia and the United States put together. Thus the 10,000,000 of American and the 45,000,000 of Russian population do not together create riches greater than those which are annually created by the population of France alone. GRAPE VINES. 10,000 Grape Vine roots, of the most approved German sorts, for making of wines, of the following namesGood Noble, Ruesling, Traminex, Tokay or Salvinerare offered for sale low by the subscriber. HENRICI, living on the Compared with the number of inhabitants in each Hook's town road, nearty opposite Biddle st. country, the exportation of native productions is in the proportion of 40 francs for every individual in CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Great Britain, of 26 francs for every inhabitant in Columella, his errors opposed by facts and the highthe United States, of 14 francs for every inhabitant est authorities-Address delivered before the Pennsylof France, and of only of from 3 to 4 francs for vania Agricultural Society, by Wm. Darlington, M. D. every subject of the Russian empire. Considered Comparative value of Sheep-Culture of fine Tobacco in Ohio-Inquiry to Cotton Planters-Cotton, inquiin the mass, this species of exportation presents the following relative terms with respect to the differ- Clay, Food of Plants, Chemical Analysis-Mr. Disry-Notes of Judge Buel on Rural Economy, Grafting ent countries before named--Russia, 1; United brow's boring for Water in Alexandria-A Whisper to States, 14; France, 2; England, 43. These terms a Newly-Married Pair, continued-Comparative Commust undergo some alteration when to the exporta-merce of France, England, and the United States. lb. 26 45 96 240 7 2 2 00 gal. 32 701 9 75 10 00 ton. 6 006 121 34 6 14 18 gal. 37 54 71 10 12 27 38 50 50 SUGARS, Havana White, c.lb. 13 50 do. Liverpool Ground WINES, Madeira, L. P. gal. 2 50 3 00 3 50 4 25 1 15 1 25 1 62 1 5 doz. 4 Port, first quality, do. crossed,. Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. |