The Vernal Adonis [Fr. hellebore d'Hippocrate] is by too much wet, or by frost; but they must be al- It is truly said, "whosoever hath found a virtuous a perennial; and, as it does not flower the first year, lowed as much fresh air as possible. During the wife, has a greater treasure than the most costly it might be more convenient to purchase it at a nur-winter they may have a little water once a week in pearl; she opens her mouth with wisdom, and in her sery when in a state to flower, than to raise it at mild weather, but none in frost. This flower must tongue is the law of kindness."-N. Y. Mirror. home. It may, however, be treated in the same be watered only at the roots. manner as the Autumnal Adonis. It is a native of Switzerland, Germany, &c. It bears a large yellow flower, which blows about the end of March, or the beginning of April. The Apennine Adonis is very similar to the vernal, of which it is termed the sister; but it continues longer in flower than that species, which, true to the name it bears, comes and goes with the spring. The reader of poetry is aware that Adonis, after death, was supposed to spend his time alternately with Proserpine in the lower regions, and with Venus on earth. "Go, beloved Adonis, go, Not for Hector, noblest once There is also a shrub Adonis, a native of the The Autumnal Adonis is an annual, and the seeds sown in spring will flower in October. If some of the seeds are sown in September they will blow early in June. As the flowers open sooner or later in proportion to their exposure to the sun, a little attention to their arrangement will insure a longer succession of them. The seeds should be sown two or three in a pot, haif an inch deep. During the severity of the winter, the pots should be housed; but in mild weather they should stand in the open air. In dry weather they should be occasionally, but sparingly, watered, just enough to preserve them from drought. AFRICAN LILY.-AGAPANTHUS. Hemerocallidea.-Hexandria Monogynia. The botanical name of this flower is from the Greek, and signifies a delightful flower. a MISCELLANEOUS. AMERICAN ECLIPSE.. THE VIRTUOUS WIFE. Translated from the German by a studen¡. Whosoever has gained a virtuous wife, possesses [From an authentic history of this celebrated treasure of intrinsic worth-a prize of higher vahorse, we extract the following "particular account lue than the most costly pearl. Such a treasure had Rabbi Meir, the great teach- of the manner in which the colt was raised—as a er, obtained. He sat, on the Sabbath, in the syna- document well attested by the result, it is worthy of gogue, instructing the people. In the mean time, the attention of the breeders of horses."] death, who often aims his poisonous shafts against "AMERICAN ECLIPSE" is a sorrel horse, with a the infant breast, and spares the aged and infirm, star, and the near hind foot white; fifteen hands did, by an unexpected stroke, deprive the parents of three inches high, possessing a large share of bone two goodly sons, both were of an handsome shape, and muscle, and excelling all the racers of the day, ——both, by a father's care, enlightened in the law. in the three great essentials of speed, stoutness or His partner looked at first on their bereavement lastingness, and ability to carry weight. with the feelings of a tender mother; but, soon her He was foaled May 25th, 1814, at Dosoris, in piety shone predominant, and in the duties of the Queen's county, on Long island, and from a memowife, each selfish wish was buried. Anxious to save randum, in the hand-writing of General Nathaniel her husband from those pangs which a too sudden Coles, the breeder, it appears that he was reared knowledge of his loss might create. she moved the in the following manner. The colt was weaned on bodies of her sons into her chamber; laid them on the 10th of November. At the commencement of her bed, and with white drapery concealed them. winter, fed with four quarts of shorts, which was In the evening, Rabbi Meir returned, who with a increased during the winter to eight quarts per day: father's fond solicitude, inquired, "where are my hay, clover dampened. sons that I may give to them the blessing?" "They are gone into the synagogue," replied his wife. "I looked around, while there, in expectation of their coming, but saw them not," rejoined the Rabbi. She reached him a goblet with wine; he praised the Lord at the ending of the Sabbath, drank and again asked. "Where are my sons that they may also drink and partake of my blessing?" "They are not far," she said, and wishing to change the objects of his thoughts, with ready hand prepared the evening meal. Of this did he partake, and after giving thanks his wife thus spoke. "My wife ought not first to inquire this," said Rabbi Meir; "wilt thou delay returning to the owner each one that he hath lent thee?" "Oh no," answered she, "if it is unjust so to do; but I would not return them without thy know ledge." Second year, in the spring, turned to grass with no grain. Nov. 10th, put up-fed with eight quarts shorts per day, during winter, shorts increased to ten quarts--hay, the same as first winter. Third year, turned to grass, with four quarts shorts per day. September 1st, commenced breaking-feed, eight quarts oats-through the winter, hay as formerly-grain, ground corn and oats, equal to eleven quarts oats. March 1st, commenced and trained for nine weeks, then gave a trial of two miles, and found the colt very superior. Fourth year, in summer turned to grass-fed with ground oats and corn, equal to nine quarts oats-in winter, hay as formerly, with nine quarts oats per day, till the 1st March, 1818, when commenced training, feed, oats and cracked corn, equal to twelve quarts oats. horse of the day: turned to grass 1st June, with about six quarts of oats a day; in winter, fed with hay as before, with ground corn and oats. March 15, 1819, sold Eclipse to Mr. Van Ranst. At five months old, while a suckling, he gave his owner such a sample of stride, strength and speed, that he was at that time named "American Eclipse." While a colt he was not confined, but during the winter season turned out every fair day. He was first shod in the spring, when three years old. Pedigree.--AMERICAN ECLIPSE was sired by Du "Rabbi, permit me to ask your judgment in a cause which much concerns me. A few years since Tins Lily is a native of the Cape of Good Hope: a person gave unto my care some jewels; these it is of a bright blue colour; very showy and elegant. received with pleasure, watched their safety with an Fifth year, late in May, 1818, ran the three mile The flowers blow about the end of August, and will anxious mind, contemplated with pride their worth, heats at Newmarket, on Long island, and won the frequently preserve their beauty till the spring. |and dared at length to view them as my own; when, first day's purse with ease, beating Black-eyed SuIt is increased by offsets, which come out from the in an unexpected hour, a messenger is sent, who, in san, and Sea Gull, then called the best three-mile sides of the old plants, and may be taken off at the his master's name, doth claim my valued charge; latter end of June; at which time the plant is in its shall I restore these gems to him?" most dormant state. It should be turned out of the pot, and the earth carefully cleared away, that the fibres of the offsets may be the better distinguished: and these must be carefully separated from those of the old root. Where they adhere so closely as not to be otherwise parted, they must be cut off with a knife; great care being taken not to wound or break She then conducted him to the chamber, walked the bulb, either of the offset or of the parent plant. forward, and removed from the dead bodies their When these are parted, they should be planted, covering. each in a separate pot filled with light kitchen gar- "O my sons! my sons! cried the father, in the roc; his dam, Miller's Damsel, by Messenger; his den earth, and placed in a shady situation, where fulness of his grief-do I find you thus? I gave you grandam, the English mare Pot8o's, imported in they may enjoy the morning sun; a little water life, I enlightened your mental eyes in the law, and 1795, then three years old, by Wm. Constable, Esq. should be given to them twice a week, if the wea- looked upon you as the solace of my declining years, and bred by Lord Grosvenor, sired by Pot8o's, and ther be dry; but they must not have much, especially when, on a sudden I find myself bereft of you." Pot8o's by the celebrated Horse "Eclipse;" his great at this season, when they are almost inactive; for as She turned from him, wishing to conceal the agi-grand-dam by Gimcrack, Gimcrack by Cripple, and the roots are fleshy and succulent, they are apt to tation of her mind, but roused at length by the vio- Cripple by the Arabian of Lord Godolphin. rot with too much moisture. In about five weeks lence of his grief, she seized him by the hand and the offsets will have put out new roots: they may | spoke. his dam Amanda, the property of Mr. Mosely, was then be removed to a more sunny situation, and may “Rabbi, hast thou not taught me, that it is con- sired by Grey Diomed; her dam by Virginia Cade. have a little more water; but still not plentifully. In trary to the morals, as well as the religious duties Messenger, the sire of Miller's Damsel, was an September they will put out their flower-stalks, and of men, to refuse restoring what is intrusted to their English horse, bred by John Pratt, Esq. of Newtowards the end of the month, the flowers will be- care? Behold, the Lord hath given, and the Lord market, and died the property of Mr. Van Ranst, gin to open; when, unless the weather be very fine, hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord!" January 25th, 1808, aged twenty-eight years; was they should be housed, that they may not be injured "The name of the Lord be praised," rejoined sired by Mambrino; Mambrino by Engineer; EngiRabbi Meir, conscious he had erred at repining at neer by Sampson, (the sire of Bay Malton) who was See the Translations from Theocritus, in Hunt's Fo. His will who is infallible; in murmuring at His man- got by Blaze, who was got by "Flying Childers," a date, who is omniscient, son of the Darley Arabian; Messenger's dam, (darn liage. Duroc, a Virginia horse, was sired by Diomed; No. 25.-VOL. 7.] 199 SHEEP. of Leviathan) by Turf; his grand dam by Regulus, quantity of essential oil, which is readily obtained A fat sheep exhibited by Mr. Grigg, at the late a son of the Godolphin Arabian; his great grand by_smoking tobacco in a tube nipple-glass. The oil will condense in the bulb of the nipple- Bodmin cattle fair, was killed out of the county, and dam by the Bolton Starling, out of the Fox mare, dam of Snap, &c. his grand dam was sister to Figu- glass; and it is so extremely caustic, that it will de- found to weigh 8 stone 2 lbs. per quarter, making rante, dam of Revenge, &c. The performances of stroy the epidermis where it touches the human skin. the four quarters 264 lbs. Two year old wethers, a cross between the LeicesMessenger on the turf, previous to his importation, It is peculiarly gratifying to observe, that the said were superior to any horse of his day. In 1783-4 infusion with gum arabic and flour of sulphur, will ter and Cotswold, were killed at Ludlow, on the 6th and 5, he won eleven purses and a king's plate, and be found a most important article to the farmer in of December, weighing nine stone per quarter, (8 the pickling of wheat or barley seed; and it is not lbs. per stone, making the four quarters 288 lbs.) was never beaten. Diomed, sire of Duroc, was got by Florizel, who necessary that the grain should be in the liquor being the heaviest recorded this season. Length, 3 was got by King Herod, out of the Cygnet mare; his above half an hour. The grain should be put in the feet 7 inches; girth, 6 feet 2 inches; fat on the rump dam the Spectator mare, (dam of Pastorella. &c.) infusion in large tubs; and when taken up, put in 54 inches thick; and they were altogether of the fiher dam Horatia, got by Blank; her grand dam by bags, and the bags to be suspended above the tubs nest symmetry of any sheep the numerous judges Childers, out of Miss Belvoire, by Grantham, the until the infusion is entirely drained off. As soon recollect having seen for many years.—ib. dam of Fleece'em, Steady, &c. Diomed, a chestnut as the liquor is fully drained off, let the seed-corn A clergyman, near Exeter, who has only eleven horse, was foaled in 1777, and after running several be spread upon canvass-sheets in the sun and air, if years, he stood to mares, and became the sire of dry weather; but otherwise on the sheets on the barn many first rate horses. In 1798, he was imported floor. When spread upon the sheets to the quanti-ewes, has now the inward satisfaction of seeing them into Virginia, and covered with his former success ty of four bushels, sprinkle over it two pounds of fine suckle twenty-five healthy lambs. Three of the ewes until his death, at the age of twenty-nine years. In flour of sulphur, and rake the seed over and over produced three lambs each, and eight produced two Virginia he became the sure of Florizel, Duroc, Sir again, to separate the grains. If the grains appear still to adhere to each other, it will be proper to add Archie, Hampton, Gracchus, Hephestion, &c. a little fine sand to make them separate freely for ON THE DESTRUCTION OF VERMIN AND THE PICK-sowi g. The destructive ground grub will not reaLING OF SEED WHEAT. dily attack any seed pickled with this infusion, and Hitherto it would appear that no effectual remedy the spring it gives to vegetation is astonishing. has been discovered to check the destructive ravages of the grub and caterpillar vermin, which in orchards and kitchen-gardens occasion so much loss [Transactions of the Highland Society. LARGE OX. There was lately exhibited at the Horse Bazaar, This fine animal was of the Lincolnshire each.-ib. SPORTING OLIO. TROTTING. The three greatest attempts perhaps ever record to the industrious gardener The following preparation is humbly recommended as a valuable remedy to vanquish, if not entirely to exterminate, all King-street, Portman-square, London, a remarkably the tribe of vermin that prove so injurious to the large ox. industry of those who cultivate the soil. Take to-breed, and fed by Lord Yarborough. Live weight ed of trotting, and on which thousands were pendbacco leaves, cut them small, and make a strong about 500 stone, 8 lbs. to the stone, (or 4,000 lbs.) ing, came on at Sunbury. Mr. Willan's horse, which infusion of them in hot water poured upon them in and the admeasurement as follows:-67 inches to the beat the slate-coloured American, was backed to a large tub. The infusion must not be boiled, as top of the shoulder, 174 inches from the tip of the trot three miles in nine minutes, for 100 guineas. It that would carry off in steam a great part of the nose to the tip of the tail; 40 inches across the hips; had been reported that the horse was lame, and, up most valuable principle, the essential oil of the to-44 inches across the back; 41 inches across the to the evening before starting, 6 to 4 was the betting bacco. When this infusion is cold, dissolve in it shoulders; 135 inches in the girth; and 23 inches on time, at the Tun-Tavern, and more than 2 to i one or two pounds of common gum arabic; when between the fore lega The above ox has been seen was betted before starting When at speed the the gum arabic is dissolved, a pound or more of by the Lincolnshire and Leicestershire graziers, and lameness was not apparent, but the horse was more flour of sulphur may be added, particularly if the the best judges allow him to be 100 stone heavier than three minutes doing the first mile, and there infusion is intended to give a smart washing to wall- than the Durham ox. He has also been inspected was no increase of speed during the match. The fruit trees. It is conceived that from January to by the principal graziers in the neighbourhood of horse broke into a gallop near the George inn, when March, if the weather is mild, is the best season for Warwick and Leamington, and is by them consider- about 100 yards from home, and the pressure of the application of this infusion to wall-fruit trees, ed the largest, and to have the greatest proportion horsemen was so great at his heels that the jockey of meat upon the least bone, of any ox ever submit- turned him with difficulty, and the match was lost and to all kinds of gooseberry and currant bushes, [Farmers' Journal, Eng. by 40 seconds. One of the umpires reports, that "the first mile previously pruning all bushes, and weeding clean ted to the public. round the stems. Some days after the first washing FINE OX.-Lately was killed, at Sheffield, by Mr. was completed 7 seconds under 3 minutes, which with a watering-pot, or garden-engine, it would be beneficial to prepare a portion of the infusion with J. Cardwell, an ox, (bred and fed by Mr Scott, of left 3 minutes and 12 seconds to do the last mile in. Torworth,) three years and six months old, weigh- The horse kept a winning pace until within 100 an additional quantity of the gum arabic, to be applied with a brush to the stems of the bushes, at ing 116 st. 10 lb., 14 lb. to the stone, (1634 lbs.)-yards of home, opposite the George public-house, least for a foot or more above the ground. The air He was the most complete animal of his age ever where there is a sharp turning, when the horse killed at Sheffield. He gained the premium at the broke, and was pulled up and turned. Here the of the atmosphere will generally keep the gum moist, and any vermin that may rise from the earth Doncaster cattle show, in 1821. in the course of the spring, will be arrested by the gum, and the tobacco will kill them effectually. Robert Oliver, esq. of Baltimore, having offered There is one species of grub that never quits the ground till he becomes a kind of butterfly. This with his usual munificence, a premium for the best species destroys cabbages and cauliflowers, by at- essay on the Natural History of the Mule, it has tacking the roots about an inch under the surface been awarded by a committee of the Maryland Agriof the earth. It would, therefore, be proper, before cultural Society, to a Dissertation on that animal, On Tuesday, April 9, the travelling pedestrian these vegetables are hoed up, to give a small por- the author of which is Mr. Samuel Wyllys Pomeroy, tion of the infusion to each plant from a watering-of Brighton, Mass. and which is to be found entire pot. And it is further recommended, when these in the number of the American Farmer for the 19th last from Andover, undertook to run eighteen miles plants are taken up to be transplanted, that their ult. The Dissertation is full, and equally curious in two successive hours on Twyford Down, near roots should be put in the infusion for a few mi- and instructive. It proves that the mule is much Winchester, round a circle of a hundred and ten nutes before they are dibbled into the earth. It is preferable, on several important grounds, to the yards: he performed his task in five minutes within wonderful how this infusion promotes the vigour of horse, for the purposes of husbandry, and for canal vegetation, where it gets to the roots of any plant.labour. Vipers, which are common in gardens in England, [Annals of Sport. MULES-PRIZE ESSAY. [Nat. Gazette. and the south of Scotland, will soon forsake gardens A kyloe cow, in the possession of Mr. Wolfe, the rod, will kill the reptile to a certainty. This oil will kill the most poisonous snakes of warm The principal use of the gum arabic is to carry the climates. The tobacco-leaf yields a considerable 'flour of sulphur into the soil attached to the seed. crowd was so great, and he was so hemmed in, that PEDESTRIANISM. the stipulated time. His only reward was a voluntary subscription from the lookers-on. The same man, last from Chichester, undertook to run 22 miles in two hours and three-quarters, on Tuesday, April 16, on a piece of ground in the highroad near South-sea-common, Portsea, which he did some minutes within the time, with ease.—ib. Monday, March 19, a hackney mare of Mr Dixon, of Barbican, started at the four-mile stone on the Romford road, to trot 30 miles in three successiv hours, carrying Mr. J. Coxeter, weighing nearly 15 stone, [210 lbs.] Notwithstanding the heavy weight the mare carried, she performed the distance in 13 minutes and 27 seconds within the given time. So long ago as 1785, a similar match was made to trot 30 miles in two hours and a half, and the accounts state that this was accomplished, leaving 4 minutes to spare.—ib. TANDEM MATCH. through the winter in dry earth, in a temperature rather under than above what is natural to them. So may the bulbous roots of commerce, as hyacinths, tulips, onions, &c. but for convenience these are kept either loose on cool dry shelves or lofts, or the finer sorts in papers, till the season of planting. Roots of all kinds may be preserved in an icehouse till the return of the natural crop. After stuffing the vacuities with straw, and covering the surface of the ice with the same material, place on it case boxes, dry ware casks, baskets, &c. Mr. R. Houlston's match for fifty guineas, to drive and fill them with turnips, carrots, beet roots, and tandem 15 miles in one hour, and to trot the first 7 in particular potatoes. By the cold of the place, miles, took place over a four-mile flat on the Brom-vegetation is so much suspended, that all these artiley road. The horses did the first 4 miles in 18 mi- cles may be thus kept fresh and uninjured, till they nutes and 22 seconds, and the other 3 in 14 minutes give place to another crop in its natural season. and 8 seconds, leaving 27 minutes for the 8 miles' gallop. The horses did the 8th mile in 3 minutes 10 seconds, the next 4 in 13 minutes 12 seconds, and the remaining 3 miles in 10 minutes and 50 seconds, winning the match by 18 seconds. Betting was 5 to 2 on time.-ib. RECIPES. SUBSTITUTE FOR YEAST. TO PRESERVE VEGETABLES. Dipt, lb. This is effected in cellars or sheds, of any tempe- den. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1825. Clover Seed, Red Mangel Wurtzel Seed, Oats, 6 50 75 5 00 4 25 4 37 4 50 4 75 9 25 lb 5 Mix two quarts of water with wheat flour, to the Small closets and concealed beds are extremely injurious, especially to young persons and invalids. When persons are from necessity obliged to sleep in them, it would be advisable every morning, immediately after rising, to displace all the bed clothes, and if the sky be serene, to open the door and windows. The various methods which luxury has in-state vented to make houses close and warm, contribute not a little to render them unwholesome. No house can be wholesome unless the air has a free passage through it. For which reason, houses ought daily to he ventilated by opening opposite windows, and admitting a current of fresh air into every room. On the Improvement of our Native breed of horned Beds, instead of being made up as soon as people Cattle by importation-Diseases incident to Cattle in rise out of them, ought to be turned down, and ex-general, continued-Height of thirty Mules belonging posed to the fresh air from open windows through to Gen. Ridgely-White Flint Wheat, opinion of-Hogs, the day. This will expel any noxious vapour, and propensities of different breeds, liable to be poisoned cannot fail to promote the health of the inhabitants. by eating cotton seed-Prospects of the Cotton Crops The purity of air may be also restored by wetting Essay on the Cultivation of the Vine, by Mr. Bruna cloth in water mixed with quick lime, hanging it Chappuis, of Vevey-Eddoes or Tanniers The Culture in a room until it becomes dry, and renewing the of Flowers-The Virtuous Wife, from the Germanoperation so long as it appears needful. History of the celebrated American horse Eclipse-On the destruction of Vermin, and Pickling of Seed Wheat -Large Ox in London--Fine Ox at Sheffield-Notice of Prize Essay on Mules-Extraordinary CalvingsThese are preserved in different ways, according Match-Recipes, substitute for Yeast-Cure for GraSheep-Trotting Match-Pedestrianism—Tandem to the object in view. Tuberous roots, as those of vel-Vitiated atmosphere in Bed-chambers-To Prethe dahlia, pæonia, tuberose, &c. intended to be serve Roots-Vegetables-Editorial-Officers of St. planted in the succeeding spring, are preserved John's, Colleton, Agricultural Society--Prices Current. TO PRESERVE ROOTS. Peas, Black Eyed, Beans, White, HOGS' LARD,. Eastern Tan,. .... lb. MEAL, Corn, kiln dried, bbl. bbl 14 50 16 1847 1223 24 37 11 12 ton. 5 38 gal. 23 25 80 1 00 13 00 14 00 11 00 12 50 8 50 11 00 lb. 1 75 bush 911 WINES, Madeira, L. P. [gal. 2 00 2 50 300 4 do. crossed, . Common, Country, Skinners' or Pulled, 1 10 1 25 1 12 1 20 doz. 4 8 1 50 2.00 35 40 unwashed 28 30 but free of tags. 30 Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. No. 26-VOL. 7. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, SEPTEMBER 16, 1825. AGRICULTURE. 201 stoppage in the bowels, except a copious discharge flammation; and also the blood, being so admitted of blood and mucus, accompanied by a violent fe- into the creature's eye, will, in consequence of its ver, which occasions the calf to kick at its belly, mildness and warmth, produce emollient effects, DISEASES INCIDENT TO CATTLE IN GE- lie down and groan. The gut-tie mostly affects which likewise contribute to promote a cure. This NERAL. (Continued from p. 195, American Farmer.) DISEASES PECULIAR TO OXEN. calves, though they may live to be full aged, and operation completely removes the white specks on yet be liable to a sudden attack of this distemper. the eye, and restores the sight; though some for this The manner in which a cure is effected in the coun- purpose pulverize a small quantity of glass, and ty above mentioned is, to make a perpendicular in-blow it into the eye by means of a quill, open at Oxen are subject to few maladies, exclusive of cision four inches under the third vertebræ of the both ends, which, by its friction, wears off such those incident to neat cattle in general, unless the loins, over the paunch or stomach, and to introduce specks or scales. "But the enjoyment of ease will effects produced in these animals by the ox-fly, the arm, in order to discover the part affected, the infallibly cure them in a space of time proportionbreeze, or gad-fly, as it is variously termed, (the beast being kept, if possible, in an erect position, ed to the fatigue they underwent before."* Oestrus bovis of Linnæus.) This insect has spotted by the help of proper assistance. In order to re- 2. The Blood is a fatal malady to sheep, which wings, and a yellow breast; it is furnished with a move the stoppage of the stomach occasioned by often die suddenly in consequence of it: in less violong proboscis, armed with a sharp dart, inclosing the gut-tie, and to carry off the fever, one ounce of lent attacks the symptoms are, panting and heaving two others within it. The gad-fly particularly in- senna, two ounces of cream of tartar, and four of the flanks, and standing still. It is produced by fects oxen, in the backs of which these insects de-ounces of Glauber's salts, infused in two pints of feeding on too succulent or moist pastures. The posit their eggs, and in which the maggots are nou- boiling water, are given, with the addition of half a most effectual remedy is bleeding, after which the rished during the month of June: throughout the pound or pint of salad oil, the whole being worked animal should be turned into a dry pasture, and a summer they plague the cattle by means of their off with gruel, in which mallows and alder bark mixture of common salt and nitre, with bran, may darts to such a degree, that they are often induced have been infused. be given to it. to rush into the water for relief, till the approach of 4. Scouring, or Looseness, is generally the first 3. Dunt. This disease is variously known by night. It has been suggested that the production malady that attacks calves; it is mostly, if not en- the names of staggers, giddy, vertigo, turn, sturdy, of these terrible insects might be greatly checked, tirely occasioned by the inattention of the persons and bladder on the brain. It is occasioned by a if not prevented, by washing oxen and cows, (which to whose care the sucklings are committed; and vesicular collection of water in the head between are sometimes attacked by these vermin,) in the who often put them too soon to suck, allowing them the dura and pia mater, and uniformly produces a spring, with a decoction of tobacco, or any other to remain longer at the teat than is proper: too fre- continual giddiness. The violently pulling of sheep bitter and acrid vegetable. quent change of milk will likewise produce this by the ears, which are afterwards cut off, is said to Such are the diseases incident to cattle, that are disease. As soon as the looseness is discovered, it have effected a cure: but the most frequent remeof most ordinary occurrence: for an account of the has been recommended to stint the calf in its diet, dy is that of trepanning; a hazardous operation, more dangerous maladies of inflammations of the and to give an egg, boiled hard and chopped small, which can only prove successful in the hands of liver and lungs, locked jaw, yellows, or jaundice, by drenching, fasting; the use of which, once or skilful persons. In Saxony, several of the sheep&c., we beg to refer our readers to Mr. Clater's twice, is asserted in most cases to effect a cure. owners keep their lambs in the folds during their work, above noticed. And in the "Annals of Agriculture," vol. xix. a cor- first year; having remarked, that such as are kept respondent recommends a mixture of pulverized from the fields during that time, are very rarely at1. The Cords. This disease is chiefly prevalent chalk and wheat meal, made into balls with gin, as tacked with this disorder. In Prussia, M. Lasteyin Scotland, where it attacks calves during the first a medicine which may be administered with safety. rie states, that he had been assured, by niany agri. days or weeks after they are produced, and proves 5. The Shoote is a most fatal malady, to calves, culturists, they had secured their flocks from the particularly fatal to such as are fed by hand and which it generally attacks a few days after birth.- turn, by fastening a linen cloth covered with pitch confined; though, if they outlive five or six weeks, The usual symptoms are, first, a colic that is more on the heads of the lambs, previously to conducting they are seldom in any danger. The disorder ap- or less violent, and is frequently very severe and them into the fields. This kind of cap, they mainpears to be of a plethoric and inflammatory nature, dangerous, especially when it is contagious. This tain, prevents the intromission of the worm which as the calves that die in consequence of it are ex-colic is terminated, and the calf relieved, by a dis- the flies deposit in the frontal sinus, during the eartremely red, and the small leaders, or ligaments are charge taking place from the bowels; though this liest youth of the animals. A fact so important as much contracted, whence probably the disease has sometimes proves fatal before the shoote appears. this, certainly deserves to be positively ascertained; its name. With the view to prevent the occurrence Secondly, a loathing and refusing of food, even we have, therefore, stated it for the consideration of of the cords, it has been recommended to purge off previous to the discharge, which decreases and in- our readers. DISEASES OF CALVES. the meconium, or first excrement, by giving the creases according to the duration and violence of 4. The Flux is a diarrhoea, or looseness, that atcalf a little of the mother s milk lukewarm, as ear the disorder. Where the shoote prevails, the cheap- tacks sheep which suddenly come to full feed, after ly as possible, care being taken that no cold milk est, and perhaps the best medicine which has been having been stinted with food; though it is sometimes be given the animal for the first six weeks. And, generally administered by experienced breeders, is caused by their eating the plant known by the names in order to counteract or reduce such plethora, it eggs and flour, properly mixed with oil, melted but-of may-weed, mathen, or fetid chamomile, (Anthewill be advisable to turn them out every day for a ter and aniseed, linseed, or similar mucilaginous mis cotula of Linnæus.) In general, the flux is not few hours, as soon as possible after they are calved, vegetables; or, simply, milk well mulled with eggs, attended with any dangerous consequences, and in order that they may enjoy the benefit of full and may be given to the distempered animal. free exercise in the open air; but where the weather DISEASES OF SHEEP. usually disappears in the course of a few days in dry weather. Should it, however, continue longer or other circumstances may not allow this always Sheep are subject to various disorders, of which, than a week, it will be proper to give them some to be done, (and especially as confirement is neces- however, our limits allow us only to state those of well-dried, sweet hay, and a decoction of clover sary to their speedy fattening,) the most effectual most frequent occurrence; hence, we shall, for the flowers, with the addition of a little barley meal— preventive of this mortality, will be frequently to present. briefly remark, that it may be easily ascer- allowing them neither any salt, nor to feed on any take a little blood from them. tained whether these animals are in health, or di- saline plants near the coast. But it is evidently the 2. Cough. Where calves are exposed at too seased, by their agility and briskness; the clearness farmer's interest to give these useful animals a reearly an age to all the vicissitudes of the weather, of their eyes, which, as well as their noses, are per- gular supply of food, as the weakness occasioned before they acquire sufficient strength to undergo fectly dry; by the sweetness of their breath; the by the flux must necessarily reduce their condithe changes of this climate, they are liable to take coolness of their feet, regularity of perspiration; tion. frequent colds: the consequence of which is a cough, the fine red colour of their skin; soundness and 5. The Fly. This disorder is chiefly confined to that often proves fatal if it be neglected. For cur firmness of their teeth; and by the uniform, unbro- sheep that are continually exposed in hot seasons, ing this malady, it has been recommended to pour ken texture of their wool. particularly in enclosed woody districts. The inhalf a table spoonful of spirits of turpentine into the 1. Blindness. This affection of the eye is pro- sects from which the disease derives its name, live calf's nostrils, which must be held upwards, in orduced by exposure to cold, particularly in too moist among the wool, where they materially prevent der that the turpentine may flow into the throat: at or too elevated situations; and is occasioned by sheep from thriving, from the severity with which the same time the nose should be smeared with tar. long continued fatigue, which will produce it, at they bite. Hence various remedies have been sugand the animal kept within doors for a few hours, any season of the year. It prevails chiefly in Scot-gested, most of which, however, are in some degree repeating this treatment as often as the cough is land, where a cure is sometimes attempted ("Agri-injurious to the wool. Flour of sulphur, mixed up cultural Report of the County of Perth," 8vo. ed.,) with butter, lard, or other unctuous substances, and troublesome. 3. The Gut tie, chiefly prevails in the county of by opening the angular vein of the eye, and hold rubbed in with the hand, have been found least Hereford, where it is considered as the effect of an ing the animal's head in an inverted position, so hurtful to the quality of the wool; and the remedy, enormous method of castration, which causes a that some drops of blood may fall into the eye. suggested by Sir Joseph Banks for the scab in sheep, stoppage in the bowels, and brings on a mortification This moderates the increased action of the vessels that speedily proves fatal. The symptoms are a total of that part, which is the immediate cause of in 26-VOL. 7. Hogg's "Shepherd's Guide," p. 118–1807. VARIETY 1. Teeswater Breed. close, and well made. One of the most profitable may be applied in the present case. When, how-implies, this breed occurs principally in Lincolnshire, brown; size small; neck thick; legs short; body thick, ever, maggots are formed, they should be carefully and other rich grazing districts. scraped from the wound, to which turpentine and brandy, mixed together, may be applied. Mr. Marshall ("Rural Economy of the Midland Counties,") directs such maggots to be picked out with a knife, Specific characters.-Bones finer; legs longer; caror otherwise removed, without breaking the coat, case more heavy and firm; back and sides wider Specific characters, &c.-Colour white; size large; when a quantity of white lead is to be scraped than in the original breed; wool not so long as that legs long, having two wattles or dugs pendant from among the wool, which being agitated, the powder of the preceding sort, weighing about nine pounds the throat; carcase long and thin; skin thinner But due atten- per fleece, when killed at two years old. Flesh finer than that of the Berkshire sort; ill formed. A very is carried evenly down to the sore. tion must be given, that too much ceruse be not grained, and fatter than the parent stock. Females unprofitable sort; found chiefly in Gloucestershire, applied, as it will discolour the wool; while a small singularly prolific, generally producing two, and of Shropshire, and West Devon; supposed to have forquantity prevents any farther injury from the mag-feeders, suited only for the finest pastures, conse- ten so well, or so kindly, as the Berkshire breed. ten three lambs, each. Constitution weak. Slow merly been the only breed in Britain. Do not fatgots remaining among it, as it drives them away from the wound, the healing of which it promotes quently less profitable than the smaller sized, but at the same time. Mr. Preist, an intelligent che quicker feeding sorts of sheep. Capable of great mist of Norwich, has prepared a cheap liquid, that improvement, by crossing with New Leicester, or not only cures where the fly has already struck, but Dishley rams. also prevents its future attacks. It has been very sheltered, and enclosed tracts of pasture watered by This race is bred chiefly in the extensive, fertile, extensively and successfully used by the Norfolk sheep-farmers. the river Tees, in Yorkshire. VARIETY II. 6. The Foot-halt, as its name announces, is peculiar to the feet of sheep. It is occasioned by an in- Cotswold, or Improved Gloucester Breed. sect resembling a worm, two, three, and sometimes Specific characters. In most respects resembling four inches long. It is indicated by lameness, which the parent breed, but superior. They are chiefly often increases to such a degree as to prevent the found in Gloucestershire. The wool is not so long animal from grazing. From pain and want of food as that of the original sort. The mutton is fine the sheep languishes, till at length it falls a victim grained and full sized, and the breed is capable of to the disorder, unless the worm be opportunely ex-great improvement by proper crossing. tracted. Hampshire. Specific characters, &c.—Colour chiefly white; neck and carcase long; body not so well formed as the very great size and weight. Berkshire pigs; size large. Fatten kindly, and to a Highland, or Irish Breed. Specific characters, &c.-Size small; bristles erect; ill shaped. Thrive very badly; prevailing chiefly in the Highlands. Northampton Breed. Specific characters, &c.-Colour white; legs very short; ears enormously large, often sweeping the ground; size large. Fatten to a large size, but not very kindly; reared chiefly in the county of Northampton. The Shropshire Breed appears to be a variety of the Northampton race, to whose characteristics it bears a great resemblance. The Shropshire swine fatten to a large size, but are not so kindly disposed as the Berkshire. The Rudgwick Breed. Dartmoor, or Devonshire Natts. As soon, therefore, as a sheep is observed to limp, the lame foot ought to be examined between the Specific characters.-Faces and legs white; necks close of the claws, where the skin is found perforat thick; bones large; backs narrow, but back bone ed, through which the worm has worked its passage high; sides good. upwards, between the external membranes and the This race is principally confined to the moor, in bone. In order to extract the insect, it will be suffi. the county of Devon, whence the sheep derive their cient to move the claws in contrary directions, back-name. The wool is long, weighing upon an aver wards and forwards, till the worm gradually makes age nine pounds, when killed at two years and a its way to the surface. This simple expedient is half. This breed improves materially by crossing far preferable to the operation of drawing out the with the Dishley breed. insect, as in the last case there is always danger of its breaking off, and rotting in the leg of the sheep, Specific characters.-Faces and legs white; size the value of which will thus be materially injured. small; carcase well shaped; wool very fine and short, As the foot halt occurs more frequently in wet than growing close to their eyes, and weighing, when but well proportioned. They are hardy, and fatten in dry seasons, and generally in the spring and fall, killed at four years and a half, upon an average, two to a great weight. but rarely in summer and winter, it may be prevent- pounds per fleece. Patient of hunger. Flesh fine ed, in most cases, by pasturing sheep in dry and grained. Constitution tender, so as to require to be healthy grounds, rather than in low meadows or sheltered in winter. Very profitable, no breed being marshy soils. (To be continued.) ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF OUR BREED OF HORNED CATTLE BY IMPORTATION. (Concluded from page 194.) SHEEP WITHOUT HORNS. Herefordshire, or Ryelands. supposed capable of subsisting on so small a quanti- South Down. the same name, on the confines of Surry and SusIs a peculiar sort of swine, reared at a village of sex. These swine are very valuable, as they fatten kindly and to a vast size, weighing, at two years, twice or thrice the weight of other swine at that age: Swing-tailed Breed. The colour of this breed is various; its size small, Specific characters.-Faces and legs grey; bones fine; neck long and small; low before; shoulder high, light in the fore quarter; sides broad; loin tolerably good; back bone rather too high; thigh full, and twist good; wool very fine and short, (the staple beDishley, or New Leicester Breed. ing from two to three inches in length,) weighing an ket, and observations on the conduct of those prints Sir,-My recent speculations on the Cotton Mar Specific characters.-Heads clean, straight, and average of two pounds and a half per fleece, when that endeavoured to keep up a delusive speculation, broad; bodies round, or barrel-shaped; eyes fine and killed at two years old. Flesh fine grained, and of lively, bones fine and small; pelts thin; wool long excellent flavour. Quick feeders. Constitution har-are before your readers. Those who imagined there and fine, well calculated for combing, and weighing, dy and vigorous. Capable of great improvement. upon an average, eight pounds per fleece, when kill- The South Down sheep are principally bred on the pool, will find upwards of 400,000, at least, if any ed at two years old. Fatten kindly and early, being dry, chalky downs of Sussex, whence this valuable dependance is to be placed on accounts from Liveradmirably calculated for the market, thriving on pas- breed is gradually being introduced into various dis- pool to 23d June and 7th July, and opinions at N. tures that will scarcely keep other sheep, and re-tricts. quiring less food than others. Tolerably hardy and vigorous. The Dishley sheep are found chiefly in Leicestershire and the neighbouring counties, whence this breed is gradually dispersing through the kingdom. SWINE. Berkshire Breed. would scarce be "a Bale" at Christmas in Liver York, given on the 8th August, all arising from actual documents and from which I have drawn the annexed tables "From Egypt" said the profound Editor of the National Gazette, "no fears are to be brown or black spots; sides very broad; short legs; ports, from 1100 to 21000, and thence to 60 or 70,000 Specific characters, &c.-Colour reddish, with entertained;" however the progress of Egyptian Imears large, and pendant over the eyes; body thick, in 3 years, although it has fallen short of what was Lincolnshire. close, and well made. Kindly disposed to fatten, promised, would seem to speak otherwise. Specific characters-Faces white; bones large; legs and attaining a large size, but can be kept only where white, thick, and rough; carcases long, thin, and a large and constant supply of food can be procured, weak, wool fine and long, from ten to eighteen inch-otherwise they will dwindle away, and yield no proes, weighing per fleece, when killed at three years, an average of about eleven pounds. Flesh coarse Chinese, or Black Breed. grained. Slow feeders, calculated only for the rich Specific characters, &c.-Colour mostly black, est pastures. Constitutions tender. As its name though sometimes white, tawny or reddish, and memory, and may not be correct. fit. Flesh fine. It would, after Niles' Register,* (August 6, p. 361) *It would have been more satisfactory to have Mr. N's authority for the 100,000 bales produced in the valley of Seres, in Macedonia. Seres is, I think, in Asia; and there, I believe, D'Anville seems to think the ancients grew cotton, but called it silk. I write from |