glare, and the lion quailed before it. Had the lion seen the predominance of fear, he would have seized him instantly. Abuse. Whenever this instinct or propensity predominates over the balancing and directing influences of the higher sentiments, it will be likely to manifest abuses. All unnecessary destruction, all cursing and swearing, all sudden gusts of passion, and violent speech, all wanton attacks upon character, and slander, are abuses of this organ. History abounds in records of these abuses, both by nations and individuals. And such abuses will be likely to continue, until the congenial influence of the higher sentiments shall prevail universally. And this must be accomplished by the application of Christian truth, under the direction of a sound philosophy of man. Hence Christianity and enlightened philosophy become identical in aim and coöperative in means. Innateness. II. AMATIVENESS. That there is a peculiar instinct of our nature, independent of mere sexual appetite, which prompts to kindness, mutual attentions, and delicate recognitions between the sexes, &c., of which the specific tendencies are to the matrimonial union, is a doctrine claimed to be established by indisputable facts. The poets have personified and deified this instinct under the name of Cupid; and have represented him as blind, and with a bow and arrow, shooting without direction or aim. I will not say how far this conception arose from the fact, that there is said to be a peculiar, undefined expression, which sometimes darts from the eye, and strikes the eye of the person to whom it chances to be directed. This peculiarity is also always noticeable, viz. that these darts are felt only, when they come from the eye of one of the opposite sex. And another fact noticeable is, that they take effect only when simultaneous in their passage. Has this instinct a peculiar and distinct organ, and where is it situated? The portion of the cerebral mass, claimed by Phrenologists to be appropriated to this instinct, is most unpoetically called the cerebellum. The facts, on which this discovery is founded, are quite numerous, and may be multiplied to any extent by observation. The cerebellum is situated between and below the mastoid process on each side, and the projecting point in the middle of the transverse ridge of the occiptal bone. The cerebellum is small in infancy, and is not more than a twentieth part of the whole brain. But in after life it is frequently a sixth or seventh part. At somewhere about the age when the voice changes, its size increases rapidly, and dull heavy pains are felt in that region. At this period, the eye begins to acquire a peculiarly interesting glance. The reason assigned for this is, that the nerve of the eye is traceable along the base of the brain, very near to this organ. The Phrenologist may look at the eye, as well as at the occipital region, when he would judge of the activity of this organ. The size and thickness of the neck, when considered in relation to symmetry, is also an indication of the size and activity of the organ. The higher sentiments delight in a simultaneous activity with this feeling. Hence the object loved is not only conceived with the intensity produced by this impulse, but is viewed through the lens of excited reverence, benevolence, hope, faith, and ideality. The feeling is usually stronger in the male, than female; hence it is the province of man to woo, and woman to be wooed and won. Although this feeling seems to prompt to the first great relation, which lies at the foundation of society, and is sanctioned not only by revealed but natural law; it alone is not a sufficient guarantee for fidelity, unless rendered constant by the more steady influence of attachment, a principle deeply rooted in the female character. III.-PHILOPROGENITVENESS. A devout and reflecting mind cannot but be deeply impressed with the wisdom of our Creator, in contemplating the admirable manner, in which he has provided man and beast, with those unerring instincts necessary to his existence, and at the same time, as sources of the most exquisite enjoyment. We have already noticed the sexual instinct, on which the continuance and multiplication of animal life depends. But the young being, first ushered into existence, needs the kindest and most unwearied care of the parents; for years, in our own species; and for longer and shorter periods in the brute races. An instinct for this purpose is deeply seated in the animal nature, and by Phrenologists denominated Philoprogenitiveness, or love of offspring. But parents are not always able to bestow this care, hence the feeling is not confined to offspring, but is felt in its more gentle stirring towards the children of others, and youth generally. The feeling differs from every other; -from pride in this, that it is most strongly excited towards the child, which has occasioned the most sorrow, mortification, or solicitude; from benevolence, because the feeling is most strongly manifested oftentimes in those, who are least actuated by benevolence. It is independent of intellectual endowment, or reflection, or sense of duty, although these, and many other influences, may sometimes be superadded. Has this instinct an appropriate organ, and where is it situated? The organ appropriated to this instinct is directly above the cerebellum, and separated from it only by a membrane called the tentorium. On the scull this space appears to be nearly half an inch. It should not be mistaken for a small protuberance called the spinous process a point to which the scalp fastens. The facts in proof of this location of the organ are very numerous, and may be multiplied daily by observation. 1st. If we view the heads of the two sexes, we shall generally find the part of the brain and scull in question much larger in the female than in the male, and females are admitted to be most fond of offspring. 2d. If we look abroad in society, we shall find that all those, whether male or female, who are most devotedly attached to offspring, have the largest organ appropriated to this attachment. In some the feeling is feeble, and in them the organ is small. Those mothers, who deem children a burden, have the organ small. Among twenty-nine women, who had committed infanticide, Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, on examination, found but four, in whom this organ was not decidedly small. There are others, again, who can appreciate the sentiment of Byron, that "The childless cherubs well might envy me 3d. If we examine the heads or sculls of the several varieties or nations of the human species, proofs will multiply on our hands. In negroes, the organ is generally large, and that race are proverbially fond of offspring. The races of North American Indians are remarkable for this feeling and organ. So are the Hindoos. In the more cultivated Europeans, and the educated classes, this instinct is less predominating, and at the same time better assisted by intellect, and the higher sentiments. 4th. Dr. Gall very carefully examined the sculls of birds and of animals, from the shrew-mouse upwards, and uniformly found the part of the scull appropriated to this organ most developed in the female. And he says he could distinguish the sex of an adult animal of any species, by comparing a brain of each sex. The organ is so entirely established, that it is one of the best of the whole for an inquirer into the truth of the science, to confine his attention to, in the commencement of his observations and researches. It is worthy of notice that this organ borders upon the organ of combativeness, and the slightest injury to this feeling is sufficient to excite combativeness. The female, when protecting her offspring, has more courage than at any other time, and is usually more irritable. "Touch my child and you touch me" is not only a sentiment, but a phrenological truth. The organ is usually large and active; and motives addressed to this feeling are likely to be appreciated by all classes. But strong as it is, it must not be forgotten, that it is also blind, and needs the guidance of the higher sentiments and intellect. Without such guidance it may ruin the object of its solicitude. The spirit of the present |