ness, conscientiousness, and ideality, are noticeably large, especially firmness and conscientiousness. The organs of self-esteem and love of approbation were evidently but moderate. His great general powers; (requiring large subjects for stimulus,) and particularly his benevolence and conscientiousness, acted more in giving a relish to public life, than his self-esteem, or love of approbation, or acquisitiveness. Such a man would not seek office, nor accept it unless for the public good. The head not being large in the occipital region, it would not measure as large in circumference as many other heads of moderate intellectual organs, and, for a man of great and well balanced intellect, without strong propensities, I would not desire to see a larger head.

Since the above was written, I have carefully examined the remarkably accurate marble bust of Judge Marshall, by Frazee, from which it would appear that his head in the intellectual region is uncommonly large. From the ear to comparison is 52 inches, to eventuality 5, to individuality 5. The forehead is also broad, measuring not less than five inches across from the external angle of one eye to that of the other. From ear to ear is less than six inches. No other measurements could be made by callipers, which would indicate the size of the head. My judgment of the relative size of such organs, as are indicated by the bust, is as follows: Comparison, predominant; causality, individuality, locality, form, size, order, number, reverence, conscientiousness, firmness, ideality, large; eventuality and language, small.

The natural language of the intellectual organs appears to indicate the greatest activity of a combination of individuality and the reflective faculties, as if investiga

ting, defining, discriminating, and combining. Through this shines the mildness of benevolence, the respect of reverence, and the inflexibility of firmness and conscientiousness.

We will now see how admirably his organization was fitted, not only to constitute a great judge, but such a judge as he is known to have been.

I would remark here, that in giving the beau ideal of a judge, we must give that perfection of organization which is necessary to judgment. A judge seems by his very name to be Judgment individualized. With an intellectual region so large and well balanced, Judge Marshall had little difficulty in acquiring all the knowledge necessary to the formation of judgment; and his organ of comparison gave him his vast power of comprehension and analysis, of contemplating a subject as a whole, and divesting it of all that had not an important bearing upon the question to be decided. But intellect alone is not sufficient to constitute the judge. The feelings should all be active, but should act in harmony. There should be a large organ of conscientiousness. This is but the organ of a blind feeling, but it acts as a power in giving a strong desire to discover the truth and the whole truth, and in exciting the intellect to greater effort when in search of truth. This we have remarked was a very large organ in the head of Judge Marshall. Firmness and cautiousness were also large. The head runs high and is broad directly above the ear, giving room for large cautiousness, conscientiousness, and firmness. These gave a guardedness and steadiness to the progress of his investigations. With the organs of self-esteem and approbativeness moderate, he preferred the duties of a

lawyer to those of public office, and he never felt the office of Chief Justice of the United States, except in its responsibility. His organs of reverence and benevolence being large, these, connected with his moderate self-esteem, rendered him a most patient listener. His ideality being rather more than an average organ, [he wrote poetry when a boy,] gave the finish to whatever he did, and, with reverence and conscientiousness, supplied the deficiency occasioned by small self-esteem, and saved him from stooping below the dignity of his situation. The smallness of his love of approbation rendered him deaf to praise, and the smallness of his self-esteem and his large reverence and benevolence rendered him patient as a judge, and charitably inclined towards the counsel who addressed him. This is such a man as the country needed, and such as the republic used for her benefit, when great talents were sought after. Such men as he will not reach high office in times, when office is bestowed with reference to party service or party supremacy. In short, we behold in him a hard-working, untiring, powerful intellect, of such vast comprehension as to be equal to any reach. In its composition it is strong, well balanced, and perfect; in its proportions there is little wanting, and nothing superfluous. He was not selected with any view of illustrating the domestic, or mere animal feelings; and his history is sufficiently known to appreciate the remarks made upon his character, as a great, if not the greatest, judge of the age.

I HAVE not seen the views of any Phrenologist upon the character of him, whose memory holds the first place in the hearts of the whole nation. This great, but welcome task I will attempt, availing myself of such facts as can be collected from the descriptions, busts, statues, and portraits of him to be obtained. All the leading events of his life are so well known, that it is unnecessary to repeat them here.

1. Temperament. - Judge Marshall observes, "that he was rather above the common size, his frame was robust, and his constitution vigorous, capable of enduring great fatigue, and requiring a considerable degree of exercise for the preservation of his health; his exterior created in the beholder the idea of strength united with manly gracefulness." From this, with the general appearance of the most celebrated likenesses of him, I do not hesitate to say, that his temperament was sanguine. It was what Dr. Thomas would denominate the thoracic temperament, indicated by the large size of the chest, light complexion, &c. Such a temperament can be sustained only by active life, and it furnishes a great stimulus to the cerebral organs. The head is large, but in very fine proportion to his large person. With so much of the sanguine in his constitution, the nervous system would not be likely to become diseasedly active.

2. The quality of his brain must have been very fine, and there was no disease or low taint in it. The eye was of a deep blue, and peculiarly beautiful, and capable of great power of expression.

3. External circumstances. The force of these was quite remarkable. His father died when he was young, and he was left to the exercise of his own judgment, and to assist his mother in the management of the estate, in which he had the reversionary interest. He was of a highly respectable family, and had early the patronage of the first men in the state. He was engaged in the back woods as surveyor for some time before his 20th year, when he was appointed Adjutant General of the Virginia forces, and was sent by the Governor with despatches to the French commandant. He was next Aid to General