not discover the function of any organ by dissection, especially of the delicate organs of the brain. The eye was never ascertained to be the organ of vision by dissection. Neither does our consciousness enable us to designate peculiar material instruments as active, in particular processes of thought or moods of feeling. These processses may be, and indeed are, frequently accompanied by simultaneous sensations of heat or pain in particular regions, and we may be conscious of these sensations; but this is not consciousness of the use of particular organs. Hence Phrenologists look for evidence in reference to the functions of the different organs of the brain, in the only way the nature of the case allows. The application of this principle will be particularly considered in a subsequent part of this work, in connexion with a practical application of the science.

A faculty is considered as established, when the following points are proved.

1. Does the faculty exist in one kind of animals and not in another?

2. When the faculty is manifested in different degrees in different sexes.

3. When the faculty in question is decidedly strong or weak, in proportion to other faculties of the same individual.

4. When it does not manifest itself, at every period of life, in coincidence with any other faculty or combination of faculties.

5. When it is noticed to act or rest singly.

6. When it is inherited from parents.

7. When it may be separately deranged.

CHAPTER V.

BRIEF ANATOMICAL VIEW OF THE HUMAN BRAIN.

ALTHOUGH the anatomy of the brain does not furnish any direct proofs of its function, yet an acquaintance with it is calculated to prepare the mind for the reception of proofs derived from other sources, and also to demonstrate the superior manner in which those, who believe in the doctrine of Phrenology, have dissected the brain.

The brain may be considered as a portion of the nervous system. The nervous system is usually spoken of under three parts-the brain, spinal marrow, and the nerves, all of which have their own individual origins, and are mutual in communication.

The brain is that large and delicately organized mass, found in the cavity of the scull.

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Fig. I. represents the upper surface of the Brain. The front is at B. The line A B is the division between the two hemispheres. The waving lines are the convolutions, between which are furrows descending more than half an inch. The Roman letters indicate the location of the organs, as numbered by Spurzheim, and in this work.

The first division of the brain is into hemispheres or halves, the separation between which is easily seen. Each hemisphere contains all the organs. Hence the organs are all double, as are those of the external senses. Between these hemispheres is a deep fissure, into which dips a membrane called a falx.

THE BASIS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN. The parts before a a are called the frontal, or anterior lobes; the parts behind c c the posterior lobes, and the parts between them the middle lobes. e represents the medulla oblongata - II the cerebellum.

The brain is spoken of, in relation to its three principal portions, under the name of lobes. These lobes are anterior, middle, and posterior. This is an imaginary division, made for convenience in speaking of the brain. The anterior lobe occupies the forehead; the middle lies above, and a little before the ears; and the posterior occupies the back part of the scull.

The cerebellum, or little brain, is at the posterior region, and separated from the cerebrum, or brain proper, by a membrane, called the tentorium.

This presents a view of the lateral surface of the brain, cerebellum and medulla oblongata, in their natural situations.

There are three membraneous coverings to the brain; the dura mater, the pia mater, and the arachnoid membrane. The dura mater is a substantial, firm, hard mem