wholly, because many people with very perfect organs for noticing the form, size, and position of objects, cannot discriminate the color of one object from another. They are sensible to light in mass, but are deficient in discriminating between the different colored rays. Another reason why this does not depend upon the eye merely, is that the impressions made on the mind, of different colors, can be remembered; and artists can re-produce any color they wish, from recollection. Neither is this power wholly independent of the power of vision, for a blind man can have no idea of colors. It must therefore depend on the perfection of the eye, and of the cerebral organs combined. The next inquiry is, whether some organ already examined can have this function, or whether a distinct organ is appropriated to this faculty. Phrenologists claim the latter to be the case, and have discovered the organ to be situated in the middle of the arch of the eye-brow. They have many facts on this subject, derived from observation, both of the large and small size of the organ. When large, the eye-brow will be much arched, and generally, the outward part will be more elevated than the inner. In feeling for this organ you will not press upward from under the arch, as in weight and resistance, but will run your finger along the superciliary ridge.

This organ is seldom so large as to appear more prominent than the neighbouring organs, and it is more usual to notice it a little depressed. The number of persons

who are skilled in colors is comparatively small. The power of the organ is shown in discriminating the minute shades. The lower animals perceive light in general, and seem to be struck with strong colors. Were one

entirely destitute of the organ, perhaps he would not see at all. Hence, where persons have been blind for many years, the organ, from its total inaction, has been known to fall away, and the scull to be depressed.

The organ of color may be defined to be, that whose function is to discriminate the different rays of light, as they are varied in the proportion in which they are reflected by different bodies. Those who possess this power to a high degree, find in its exercise a source of exquisite pleasure. The pleasures derived from this, with the other perceptive organs, led Addison to make the following beautiful remarks. "There is," says he,

a second kind of beauty, that we find in the several products of art and nature, which does not work in the imagination with that warmth and violence, as the beauty that appears in our own proper species, but is apt, however, to raise in us a secret delight, and a kind of fondness for the places or objects in which we discover it. This consists either in the gaiety or variety of colors, in the symmetry and proportion of parts, in the arrangement and disposition of bodies, or in a just mixture and concurrence of all together. Among these several kinds of beauty, the eye takes most delight in colors. We nowhere meet with a more glorious or pleasing show in nature, than what appears in the heavens, at the rising and setting of the sun, which is wholly made up of those different stains of light, that show themselves in clouds of a different situation."

GENUS III.

INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES WHICH PERCEIVE THE PHYSICAL RELATIONS OF OBJECTS TO EACH OTHER.

XXVII. — LOCALITY.

In the four preceding articles we have attended to the faculties, which notice the external physical qualities of objects, viz. their form, magnitude, weight, and color. We come now to a consideration of certain relations existing among objects. The first of these is the relation of situation. The mind is not satisfied with noticing qualities merely of objects, without taking into view their relation to other objects by position. But this relation is at once seized upon, and objects become grouped and clustered in the mind, so that no one object can come up to the mind, or be spoken of, but it will instantly suggest the object with which it is related. Objects, when first presented to the mind, are less at our command than those already familiar. Hence the familiar object may be brought to view, and this will suggest the object connected with it by the relation of position.

Now the largest and most familiar ideas we have, are those of the surface of the earth, in all its varieties of aspect. Our eyes are constantly open upon it. It is every where connected; and places are noticed upon it by their form, size, color, &c., giving it all the variety imaginable. This being the great familiar idea, we associate the objects, which cover its surface, with the particular places where we become familiar with seeing them. The organ, which notices this relation, is termed locality, because we associate things which are less familiar, with

places which are more so, and are enabled, afterwards, to think first of the place, and then of the object.

It will be seen, from the above view of the subject, that the organ of locality is not confined to the observation of the relation which objects bear to place merely, but it extends to a notice of objects as related to each other by position. And the relation of objects to a place, is but one of its positional relations. But it is so much stronger than the other positional relations, that the organ receives its appellation from this main branch of its manifestation.

The organ in question lays the foundation for the study of geography. When the face of the earth is known, with its fixed objects, and marked features, in such a manner as to be understood, we may speak of the fixed objects, or the moving objects, on any part of its surface, and may be much assisted in remembering them.

When the organ is large and active, the person will be remarkable for remembering the relations of position. Hence, from its associating power, it is more nearly identified with memory, than with any other organ. The system of mnemonicks, so popular a few years since, was constructed in reference to this associating power.

It is easy to anticipate the sphere of activity of this organ. The persons possessing it in large measure would have the relations of place very strongly fixed in their minds, and would readily remember where objects are. The organ would have a great spontaneous activity, and furnish exquisite delight in its exercise. Hence it would give fondness for scenery, and travelling, and a power of describing scenery. It gives a tendency

to recollect things, as it were, grouped and clustered together.

It would have a leading influence upon the organs in general, and give a direction to all our intellectual habits. Hence the organ is always found large in great travellers, astronomers, navigators, geographers, and painters of scenery. It was large in the heads of Newton, Cook, Columbus, Mungo Park, Galileo, Kepler, and Sir Walter Scott.

Perhaps no organ is so clearly established by observation as this. When large, it stands out from the surrounding organs in a manner not to be mistaken; and it is exposed to the observation constantly. If large, its manifestations are also very obvious; when deficient, too, the defect it produces in the character is easily discovered. There are tests, however, arising from other circumstances. The organ is less in females than in males; so is the power which it gives. It is possessed by some animals, and not by others. Dogs often possess remarkable power of finding places once visited. Wild geese, swallows, storks, martens, &c., migrate at certain periods of the year, and return again to the same spot, after many months absence.

In our remarks upon the organ of locality, it was observed, that its function is to recognise the relation of near position, and to associate things connected by position. Objects are not only connected by this relation, but fall into a regular arrangement. To many people, the least confusion is a matter of annoyance; and observation has shown, that attachment to order and power