fages of it which concerned Swiffer land. The Count told me that he confidered the Swifs as invincible. He not only named all the important posts, which it would be neceffary to occupy, but also roads thro' which a cat could not pass without difficulty. I do not know if any thing has ever been written of greater importance to my country than this work, for he fhewed me in his manufcript, moft pertinent answers to every objection that a Swifs could have started. My friend Mofes Mendelfohn, to whom the Count read the prefice of this work at Pyrmont, confidered it as a mafter-piece in regard to ftyle and philofophy. When he chofe, the Count wrote French almoft as well as Voltaire, but in German he was too affected, too diffufe, and too obfcure. What adds to his praife is, that on his return from Portugal, he had with him for feveral years two of the ableft men pf Germany, firft Abbt and then Herder. Thofe who have obferved him longer, and with more attention than I, could relate a thousand things equally remarkable of this truly great and extraordinary man. I fhall clofe this account of him with one fen tence. Count William de Schaumbourg-Lippe read much, he was a great obferver, faw men through and through, was fond of no kind of game, and he fmiled rarely, or when he did, it was only in a fneering manner. Such was the character of this folitary man, always fo ill understood. Such a perfon may well fmile, when he fees mankind ridicule him. But what will be the fhame and confufion of these partial judges, when they behold the grand monument which the great Mendelfohn has rai-fed to his memory, or the judicious hiftory of his fe, juít published by a young man at Hanover, in which impartial pofterity will obferve depth of thought, majesty of ftyle, and much truth and fincerity ? He who is laughed at, as the Count de Schaumbourg. Lippe was a thoufand times in my prefence, on ac count of his long visage, his floating hair, his large hat, and his fmall fword, but who, like him, is a great man and a hero, may well fmile fometimes. Count de Buckebourg, however, always laughed at the world, or at mankind with good humour and without any thing mifanthropic in his difpofition. He lived in. fmall country house, in the midst of a foreft, often alone, or in the com pany of a virtuous woman whom he had chofen for his wife, with whom he did not appear to be in love, but for whom he broke his heart whe he died. T La Grande Chartreufe. whether from fubstance or thow-te improve or to amuse. IME and Chance feem in one fenfe to have done for the Chartreufe what Wren with all his In the eye of tafte, fairly inquifipowers ftrove to do for St Paul's in tive, the Chartreufe may fill a space vain. It is a central point to which that is not fmall-from the charm of dependent rays in all directions fcenery, and the more ufeful rarity converge to which travellers from of human life in a new view. each neighbouring nation tend, what- Its being thought curious--has in eyer may be their moving powers-time made it fo-if the ear eagerly Ff2 opens, opens to the hum of men-and finds Tome intellectual fport in comparison, where opinions that are different, are at work on an object that is the Jame. The infcriptions are various,in fome inftances there are only names and dates and once or twice, fuch is the jocularity of fate, almoft, if not quite, by the unlettered Mufe. Here and there with a name, fome good author's words are quoted and with a few inferibers, it may be withed there might have been any words but their own. In others, the place of fame and infcription are the fame. As the Holy Fathers are apoftolic, in their hofpitality they admit all travellers but women; they are excepted. For the oath of the Order abjures, among other allowed gratifications, the converfation of women. That interdiction is fo ftri&, as to overbear convenience and humanity. There are no women in the houfe fervice and they of the neighbourhood, who must pass on bufinefs from place to place, are forced round fix leagues of precipice and defert, Tather than be admitted through any part of the Convent's inclofure. But Quid Famina pofit! One Lady, and one alone, is known to have furmounted all obftacles, and to have left her name in the Album of the Grande Chartreufe. That Ladyand the instance may be added to Akenfide's energies of curiofityactuated by taste, that lady made her way in the neceffary difguife of a man's drefs! She was the prefent Countess Spencer! Lord Spencer was with her. La Grande Chartreufe, as the primary establishment of the Order, and from the leading magnificence of the place therefore, had the grandeur of Its name. Here they hold the Chapter General, and regulate each inferior Chapter. Thofe dependent houfes, L'Abbé Expilly ftates at 163. The Religi ous of the Order, at the last annual Chapter, were numbered at 1847and their revenues in France, at 1,200,000 livres. The Grande Chartreuse, however elfe it may favour or be favoured, is not a favourite of fortune-nor favourable to the vital functions of man; for the building has been eight times burnt. The last time it was rebuilt by Maffon. And of the Pri eurs, the first eight paffed to their grave in the brief fpan of 61 years. Much is faid, and perhaps more than they merit, of the thorns that line a Crown-but what are they to what we fee here corroding through the cowl? Eight Kings, if Sir Ifaac Newton be right, would have lasted twice the time of thefe eight Prieurs. Medio de fonte leporum Surgit amari aliquid. Cares, tho' petty, are ftill cares and will prey upon man. Man, that can redrefs himself of climate, and ridicule danger, droops under the preffure of folitude and chagrin. The vapour of the cloifter bloweth over him, and he is gone! The Chartreufe has this fuperio rity over many monaftic eftablishments that it has not plundered the fatherlefs and widow; its endow ment is its owp, derived in divers portions, none of them large, from the bounty of fome members, and the economy of others-fo the prefent houfe was built, the geographical fituation of which is two leagues N. E. from Grenoble; fix S. W. from Chamberre; four S. from Pont Beauvoilin-the feparation of Dauphiné from Savoy. The name of the place is the fame with the mountain and contiguous village of Grafwaudin-their ground plan in the inclofure is two leagues in the round. The The roads to it are two-one by Sapey-one by St Laurent du Pont. The first is the most formidable-the Halt is the best. The roads are fix miles from the bottom of the mountain to the top; and not a furlong of them, fays Gray, but would awe an Atheilt into belief." The Convent, when you have paffed the road, has all the charm of contraft from all the rudeness of fcenery, to the oppofite of what is rude, in the temper of the place. If manners make men, they are thofe manners which come from the heart -Specie minus quam vi-that, feeming less than they are, feek not the good report fo much as the well-being of their neighbour. As far as the well-known rule, they fully fatisfy hofpitality-They Welcome the coming, fpeed the going guest.' The two fathers alone abfolved from filence, meet each ftranger at the gate with true courtesy fhew him every thing he can fee, and give him all they have to give-fruits, milk, butter, dried fith, and eggs, a bottle of genuine wine, a fmall candle, and fmaller bed; these things they give for three days-then he who has not taken the Order, is compelled to take leave. The Convent is faid to be handfome and to thofe whofe ideas of architecture are from Switzerland and Savoy, it is fo; for with as much height as width here are enough of acute angles and fpites. The centre building of the houfe has thirteen windows on a floor, and three floreys, with two tier of garrets in the roof, like the Upper Lodge in Bufhypark, and a houfe or two in Red Lion Square. There is a spacious promenade, a hall, and the portraits of Prieurs, and a gallery, with plans of the other Chartreufes. The library is large, and what might be more to the purpose, the collection of books is large alfo ; but they are chiefly of Church Hiftory, and, what is worfe, Polemical Dif putations! The Fathers are 100 their vari ous dependants are near 300-for befides the neceffary labours in the growth and preparation of food, there are a vintage, an arable farm, corn mills, iron works, &c. on their de mefne. Thefe are rude and inartificial, as might be thought, in a district under the dominion of error, where men, false to themselves, defert their deftiny; and fhutting out duty on one fide, and enjoyment on the other, wafte existence in continual indulgencein continual mortification. The Cloifter is 300 feet long every man has a cell, and each cell a garden-Travellers wonder at the neatnefs of thefe! but where is the wonder, when these are the only things to fill up the long intervals of meditation and prayer! All the Infcriptions vouch for the virtue of the Fathers all who read thofe Infcriptións muft regret any fuch virtue fhould be loft! While life writhes under bad example, why is it to be bereft of the healing influence of the good? He, indeed, is not good, who fails in the talk of life, and does not strive to meet, as he may merit, his reward, through the prescribed trials of this life, towards the covenanted hope of a better with labours fweetened by hope-with enjoyments fobered by reflection-as ufeful as he oughtas happy as he can. Memoirs MR PETER LYONET, fecretary of the Cyphers, tranDator and patent- mafter to their High Mightineffes, was born at Maeftricht, and was defcended from a very ancient and respectable family of Lorrain. His ancestors were frequently obliged by the wars and troubles occafioned by the Reformation, to abandon their habitations and their native country, on account of their zeal for the reformed religion. His great grandfather, after having feen his eftates and poffef Lions deftroyed and burnt to afhes, and his wife and all her children murdered, was at luft reduced to the necellity of flying. He took refuge in Switzerland, where he was afterwards re-married, and had by his fecond wife a fon of whom was born Benjamin Lyonet, French minister at Houfdon, the father of the gen. tleman whofe history we are about to record. Mr Peter Lyonet had fcarcely attained his seventh year before he difplayed an uncommon ftrength and agility in all bodily exercifes; but he was not lefs diligent in the inprovement of his mind. Being placed at the Latin fchool, he learnt chronology, and exercifed himself in Latin, Greek, and French poetry, as alfo in Hebrew, Logic, and the Cartefian Phyfics. He was particularly fond of the study of languages, whereof he understood no lefs than nine, living and dead, viz. of the former, befides the Dutch and French, the Italian (which he had acquired without the aid of a master), the Spanish, German, and English. Having entered the University of Leyden, he ftudied the Newtonian Philofophy, Geometry, Algebra, &c.; but his father defiring he should attach himfelf to Divinity, he reluctantly abandoned the former ftudies, as his paf fion for them was not easily to be vercome. He at the fame time ap plied himself to anatomy, and alfo to mufic and drawing. He began afterwards to practise sculpture, and performed several pieces in wood, one of which in particular, which is preferved, is uncommonly admired by the artists. It is a basso relievo, cut in palm-wood, reprefenting Apollo, with the Nine Mufes; a most glorious mafter-piece, and which the painter, Van Gool, in the fecond volume of his Review of the Dutch painters, &c. under the article Lyonet, ftyles a wonder-piece.' It excited alfo the admiration of the painter le Chevalier de Moor. After this, he betook himfeff to draw. ing portraits of his friends from life, wherein, after three or four months practice, he became a great proficient. Having attained the degree of candidate in divinity, he refolved to ftudy law, to which he applied himfelf with fo much zeal, that he was promoted at the end of the first year. On this occafion he delivered an academical treatife on the proper uf of the torture, which was published, and gained him the esteem of the learned. Arrived at the Hague, he undertook the study of decypher ing, and became fecretary of the cyphers, tranflator of the Latin and French languages, and patent-mafter to their High Mightineffes. Meanwhile, having taken a ftrong liking to the study of infects, he undertook an hiftorical defcription of fuch as are found about the Hague, and to that end collected materials for feveral volumes; and having invented a method of drawing adapted thereto, he enriched this work with a great number of plates, univerfaly admired by all the connoiffeurs who had feen them. In the year 1742 was printed at the Hague a French tran flation fation of a German work, the 'The- (by mere chance) his amazingcollec⭑ ology of Infects,' by Mr Leffer. tion of horns and fhells, which, acLove of truth engaged Mr Lyonet cording to the univerfal teftimony of to defer the publication of his above all travellers and amateurs who have mentioned Description, and to make vifited it, is at prefent the most beau fome obfervations on that work, to tiful, and certainly one of the most which he has added two most beau- valuable, in Europe. In 1753 he betiful plates, engraved from his de- came member of the newly-established figns. This performance caufed his Dutch Society of Sciences at Harlem merit to be univerfally known and and in 1757, after the celebrated M. admired. The celebrated M. de le Cat, profeffor in anatomy and fur Reaumur had the above tranflation gery, and member of almost all the reprinted at Paris, not fo much on principal focieties of fciences in Ea account of the work itself, as of Mr rope, had feen Mr Lyonet's incom Lyonet's obfervations; and bestowed parableTraité Anatomique de la on it, as did alfo many other authors, Chenille qui ronge le Bois de Saule,” the highest encomiums. He after with the drawings belonging to it wards executed drawings of the fresh- (which work was afterwards publifhwater polypas for Mr Trembley's ed), he was elected member of the beautiful work, 1744. The ingeni Royal Academy of Sciences of Romes ous Wandelaar had engraved the first whereof M. le Cat was perpetual fe tive plates, when Mr Lyonet, who had cretary. Mr Lyonet's defign in the never witnessed this operation, con- compiling of that work was, among cerned at the difficulties he experien- other things, to publish an anatomical ced in getting the remaining eight fi- defcription of an infect, as extenfive nifhed in the fuperior ftyle he requi- and complete as any exifting of the red, refolved to perform the talk him- human body, which had hitherto felf. He accordingly took a leffon of never been effected, although feveone hour of Mr Wandelaar, engraved ral ingenious men have attempted three or four fmall plates, and imme- fomething of the kind, but have, howdiately began upon the work itself, ever, produced nothing more than which he performed in fuch a manner weak and even faulty effays.-Of the as drew on him the Highest degree of praife and admiration expressed of ous praise, both from Mr Trembley and author in many respects (but particufrom many other artists, particularly larly on account of the lait mentioned the celebrated Van Gool already na- work) by many celebrated writers, med, who declared that the perform and in almoft all countries of Europe, ance aftonished not only the amateurs, we fhall ftate these extracts: 1. from but also the most experienced artifs. the Bibliotheque des Sciences,? The authors of the Bibliotheque 1760: Mr Lyonet has long held a Raisonnée,' 1744, have likewife cerdiftinguished place among the great sified their admiration of him; for, af-naturalists of Europe. His tranfla ter a long panegyric, they exprefs themselves thus: We may justly apply to him what Fontenelle fomewhere fays of the famous * Leibnitz: Of many Herculeffes antiquity made only one, but of a fingle Lyonet, we may make many learned men.' In 1748 heftructed with fo much tafte and was chosen member of the Royal Soaiety of London. La 1749 he began tion of the Theologie des Injectes, (this is, however, a mistake, for Lyonet did not tranflate the work) 'the. excellent notes he has added to it, and which form the most valuable part of the book; the magnificent cabinet of fhells which he has con judgment, in which he has fpared neither trouble nor expence, and |