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65. Every age prefers its own customs.'

66. Cosmopolitanism. vacuo... patet: all space in the wide world. toto in anno: at every season of the year.

1

Blanda... ocellis: soothing slumber crept

67. A summer scene. stealthily over her vanquished eyes.

68. The Flight of Time.'

APPENDIX.

NOTES ON THE MORE DIFFICULT PASSAGES.

Her. i. 15 Sive quis Antilochum narrabat ab Hectore victum. Two objections have been made to the reading ab Hectore: (1) according to Homer, it was not Hector, but Men non, that killed Antilochus. (2) ab Hectore, following Hectoreo in the preceding line, gives offense.

The second objection does not strengthen the first at all. For, while the repetition is awkward and striking, it would be quite as awkward to jump from Hector in 14 to somebody else in 15 and back to Hector in 16. The general assertion in 14 will naturally be illustrated and explained in the next verses.

Is it possible that Ovid, with his great memory, carefulness, and accuracy, overlooked this point in Homer and wrote ab Hectore without any authority for it? It seems so to me (cf. my SOURCES of Ovid's Heroides, p. 16), and in the absence of a better reading I have retained ab Hectore in the text.

If any change is to be made, it should be rather in the word Antilochum. For instance, Amphimachum might be substituted. See HOMER, II. XIII. 185.

Her. xii. 17:

Semina iecisset, totidem visurus et hostes,
ut caderet, etc.

Instead of visurus, the best MSS. give que et semina (P.) or quot seminat (G.). The readings seem to have come from quot semina, which is probably a gloss explaining totidem, and replaced some verb which cannot be restored with great confidence. The passage has been variously emended, most editors putting in some word like sevisset. The construction of this sevisset would naturally be the same as that of the preceding iecisset (or sevisset, as several editors have it), but that does not fit the sense well. He ought to have sown an equal number of enemies does not seem to be the meaning, but rather he would have sown, stating that the one action was involved in the other. It is, moreover, not quite correct to say hostes serere when you simply mean that hostes spring up from the sowing. I am prepared to grant that these are both rather fine points, but they are sufficient to cause me to suggest a new emendation, visurus. The word video is peculiarly applicable to the strange sight. Compare 1. 98 and Met. vII. 130, 135.

Her. xii. 65: petit altera at alter habebit. The first hand of P (the best MS.) gives alter petit alter habebit. This is defended by Salmasius and Birt, and edited by Sedlmayer. The second hand of P gives: petit altera et altera habebit. G reads the same, with habebit as a correction.

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Housman alter petit, <impetrat> alter.

Some inferior MS. gives the reading I have adopted.

The difficulty comes from supposing that alter(a)...alter(a) must refer to the two sisters. The line, in itself, is obscure.

seems, must come from the following line.

The light, it

Her. xii. 143: frequenter. Several editors (as Merkel, Riese) read frequentant on the authority of G and other MSS. It seems, however, that the notion of repetition belongs as well to Hymen as to Hymenaee. Her. xii. 149:

Cum minor e pueris-is tractus amore videndi

constitit ad geminae limina prima foris.

I have ventured an emendation. Instead of is tractus amore, the best MSS. give us iussus studioque, which is unintelligible. Various efforts have been made to amend the passage, but they are all unsatisfactory. Every editor has attempted to give two motives why the boy took his stand at the door, but one seems quite sufficient. Studio may well have been a gloss and que inserted for metre. An expressed subject (is) for the parenthetical clause is very desirable.

Iler. xii. 151: huc mihi, mater, adi. I have again dared to amend. Nearly all the editors follow the best MSS. and read: hinc mihi, mater, abi. The meaning, however, cannot well be other than that given, and it is very doubtful if hinc abi can, without great distortion of language, mean anything else than go away from here. It seems probable that some grammarian-copyist thought this the appropriate thing for the child to say, and corrected accordingly.

NOTE. Other critical notes may be found in the Commentary.

VOCABULARY.

All the long vowels in this vocabulary are marked.

A

1. a (ah), interj. oh! ah! alas!

2. a, ab, prep. with Abl. 1. place: from, away from, out of; 2. direction: on, at, in, as a dextrā, on the right; 3. time: from, since, after; 4. cause: from, after, in consequence of; 5. agency: by. ab-do, -dere, -didī, -ditum, put away, hide, conceal. abdita (proleptic) tēxit, covered over and hid from view. ab-dūcă, -dūcere, -dūxi, -ductum, lead away, lead aside, carry off.

ab-eð, -Ire, -iI, -itum: 1. go away, withdraw, depart, disappear, pass by; 2. change (into), be transformed. ab-igõ, -igere, -ēgī, -āctum, drive away, drive off.

ab-luŏ, -luere, -lui, -lūtum, wash away, wash off, wash.

ab-oleo, -olēre, -olēvī, -olitum, destroy. ab-rumpo, -rumpere, -rūpi, -ruptum, break off, break.

ab-scindo, -scindere, -scidi, -scissum, tear away, tear off, break off, separate. absēns, -entis, partic. adj. [absum] absent, removed.

abs-tineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentum, [teneo] hold back, keep off, abstain. abs-tuli, see auferð, carry off. ab-sum, abesse, āfui, be away, be absent, be distant, be wanting, fail. longē abesse, be far away, be of no assistance,

fail utterly, leave in the lurch. ab-sümo, -sumere, -sumpsi, -sümptum, take away, use up, waste, destroy. Absyrtus, -1, m. Absyrtus, brother of Medea. He was slain by Medea to delay her father's pursuit. abundē, adv. abundantly. ac = atque, and.

ac-cēdo, -cēdere, -cēssi, -cēssum, approach, draw near, be added. accēdere sacris, take part in the rites. ac-cendo, -cendere, -cendi, -cēnsum, set fire to, kindle, inflame, burn. acceptus, -a, -um, partic. adj. [accipio]

acceptable, welcome, ugreeable.

ac-cido, -cidere, -cidi, [cado] fall upon; happen, occur.

ac-cingo, -cingere, -cinxi, -cinctum, gird, arm, put on. Passive: gird one's self.

ac-cipio, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptum, [capio]

receive, accept, learn, hear.

Accius, -1, m. Accius, an early Roman tragic poet (170-94 B.C.).

acclivis, -e, sloping upward, ascending. ac-commodo, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, fit, fit on, fit to, fasten on.

ac-cumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, -cubitum, recline (especially at meals, according to Roman custom).

accūsă, -āre, -āvi, -ātum, accuse.

1. acer, -eris, n. maple-tree, maple-wood, used especially for writing-tablets.

2. acer, acris, acre, hot, glowing (favilla); keen-scented; spirited, brave, violent.

acerbus, -a, -um, bitter, sharp, unripe; sorrowful, stern (vultus).

Achilles, -is and -I, m. Achilles, son of

Peleus (King of Phthia in Thessaly) and Thetis, the Nereid; grandson of Aeacus, and father of Neoptolemus (Pyrrhus). He was the chief hero of the Greeks in the war at Troy, and was killed there. Achīvus, -a, -um, Grecian. Subst. Achivi, the Greeks.

acies, -ei, f. sharpness, sharp point; look, glance; line of battle, battle, army.

Acoetēs, -ae, m, Acoetes, a supposed sailor: | ad-icio, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum, add, join; Bacchus in disguise.

apply to.

aconitum, -1, n. aconite, wolf's-bane, a ad-imo, -imere, -ēmi, -ēmptum, take violent poison.

actor, -ōris, m. [ago] driver, herdsman. Actoridēs, -ae, m. descendant of Actor, especially his grandson Patroclus, the friend of Achilles.

āctum, -1, n. [agŏ] deed, act. actutum, adv. immediately, at once. acuo, -ere, acui, acutum, sharpen. ad, prep. with Acc. to, up to, towards, near, by, for, at. ad lunae radiōs, by the light of the moon. ad citharam, to the accompaniment of the cithara. adamās, -antis, m. adamant, steel. ad-amo, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, fall in love with, love.

ad-disco, -discere, -didici, learn in addition, learn besides.

ad-do, -dere, -didī, -ditum, add, add to, join to; put on (frēna equis). addere fidem dictis, to keep one's promise. adde quod, moreover.

away, carry off.

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ad-ligo, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, bind to, bind up, bind, fasten.

ad-loquor, -loqui, -locutus sum, speak to, address.

ad-miror, -mīrārī, -mīrātus sum, wonder at, admire; wonder. ad-missus, -a, -um, [ad-mitto] partic. adj. at full speed, running fast. ad-mitto, -mittere, -mīsi, -missum, let go at full speed, let loose, give the rein to; commit (scelus).

ad-dūcŏ, -dūcere, -duxi, -ductum, bring ad-moneo, -monēre, -monui, -monitum, to, lead to. adducor litora, I approach

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remind, advise, warn, admonish. ad-moveo, -movēre, -mōvi, -mōtum, move to, bring near; apply, use. ad-nuo, -nuere, -nui, -nutum, nod to, yield to, concede, grant.

ad-operio, -operire, -operui, -opertum, cover up, conceal, hide. adopertus, -a, -um, partic. adj. hidden. adoperta vultum, with her face veiled. ad-opto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum, adopt. ad-ōro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum, pray to, adore,

worship.

ad-ripio, -ripere, -ripuï, -reptum, seize, '

grasp.

ad-scendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scēnsum, ascend, mount.

adsiduus, -a, -um, continual, constant, uninterrupted, incessant. adspergo, -inis, f. sprinkling, besprinkling (caedis, of blood); spray, moisture, drops of water. multa adspergine rōrant, drip profusely with water. ad-spicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spectum, look at, behold, see, examine.

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