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142. Hesperio in litore: Night is supposed to run its course from east to west, like the Sun.

143. umida: moist, dewy.

144. tenebris fugatis: having put darkness to flight; Ablative Absolute.

146. consiliis... nostris : take my advice, not my chariot; non negatives the single word, otherwise ne would be required with the Imperative. 147. solidis sedibus: on a firm footing.

148. axes: poetical Plural and here = chariot by Synecdoché. 149. Quae spectes: for you to look at : Subjunctive of Design. Imperative.

150. occupat takes possession of.

ment with occupat.

151. super above; Adverb.

152. grates agit: thanks.

sine:

corpore Ablative of Instru

manibus: Ablative of Instrument.

inde: from there, from the chariot.

153. Pýrðis ět Eōus: notice the scansion. The names are Greek.

155. repagula: bars.

156. Quae reppulit: pushed them back; that is, the bars.

Tethys was the mother of Clymene.

157. facta est copia: they were given the freedom.

nepotis :

160. praetereunt... euros: they pass by the East winds which sprang from the same region. They both started from the east.

Ablative.

161. quod such as. :

isdem :

cognoscere distinguish, recognize.

possent: Subjunctive of Characteristic.

162. solitaque... carebat: and the yoke lacked its accustomed weight. 163. labant: totter.

curvae naves: the curved ships.

164. instabiles nimia levitate: unstable on account of their excessive lightness.

165. onere adsueto vacuus: without its accustomed burden.

dat:

the subject is currus.

saltus: Acc. Plural, object of dat.

166. similis inani: like an empty chariot.

tritum

167. Quod simulac sensere: as soon as they perceived this.

spatium: the trodden way.

168. quadriiugi: the span of four; is the subject of ruunt but better

translated with sensere.

169. Ipse: i.e. Phaethon.

quo prius ordine: in their former order.

nec qua... illis: he knows neither which way

to turn the reins intrusted (to him) nor which (lit. by what way) is the (right) road, nor could he control those (horses) if he knew. flectat, sciat, imperet: Ideal Condition, where we

sit: Indirect Questions.
should expect the Unreal: 596, R.; A. & G. 308, e; H. 509, n. 2.

171. radiis caluere: grew warm from the rays of the sun. Triones: the cold Bear, which never sinks below the horizon and so was said by Homer never to bathe in the ocean.

gelidi

173. polo glaciali: the icy region, the north pole.

174. frigore pigra prius: till then stiff with cold. ulli and not an object of fear to anyone.

nec formidabilis

176. turbatum fugisse: fled in fright. Bootes, the Ox-driver, also called Arctophylax, the Bear-ward, was situated near the Great Bear (Charles's Wain), which is the wagon (plaustra) mentioned in the next line.

177. quamvis: although, in model prose regularly takes the Subjunctive. 178. Ut vero...iacentes: but when the unfortunate Phaethon looked down from the high sky upon the earth lying far, far beneath.

181. sunt obortae: came over. cessive despite the great light.

per in; not causal but con

182. Et iam mallet: and now he would prefer (if he had the choice); Potential Subjv. The tense indicates that it is now too late to choose. 183. iam... rogando: now he is sorry that he learned his birth, and carried his point by importunity.

184. iam Meropis... reliquit: now, desiring to be called the son of Merops, he is borne on just like a ship, driven by the swooping North wind, whose conquered helm has been surrendered by the pilot, leaving the ship to the gods and to prayers; cui and quam both refer to pinus. The construction is very awkward both in Latin and in English.

187. Quid faciat: what is he to do; Potential Subjunctive, in a Rhetorical or Deliberative Question: 466; A. & G. 268; B. 277; H. 484, v. terga: poetic Plural.

190. occasus, ortus: Accusative Plural; poetic. occasus is the antecedent of quos in the preceding line.

191. quid agat, ignarus: not knowing what to do.

192. valet: the verb in model prose has ad with the Gerund, not the Infinitive.

202. Exspatiantur: leave the track; compare Met. 1. 285. nullo : see on I. 103.

203. quaque impetus egit: and whatever way inclination drives them; iterative action : 567.

204. hac: this way.

sine lege: without order, without restraint.

205. incursant stellis: they run against the stars.

in in composition.

:

stellis Dat. with

206. per declive viasque praecipites: down steep and precipitous ways. declive: Singular for metrical reasons.

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208. Inferiusque... equos: and the Moon wonders that her brother's horses run lower than her own.

210. ut quaeque altissima, tellus: all the highest parts of the earth: 318, 2; A. & G. 93, c; B. 252, 5, c; H. 458, 1.

211. fissaque agit rimas: is split into fissures.

212. pabula: the grass.

agit: forms.

cum frondibus: with its leaves.

213. suo damno: for its own destruction. 215. gentes: countries.

227. cunctis e partibus: in every direction. 228. nec sustinet: and he cannot endure.

230. ore trahit: inhales.

231. neque iam: no longer.

candescere is blazing.
favillam sparks.

233. quoque eat: and where he is going; Indirect Question.

234. arbitrio: at the will.

volucrum: winged.

235. Sanguine vocato: from the blood being drawn; Abl. Absolute.

in corpora summa: to the surface of their bodies: 291, R. 2; A. & G. 193; B. 241, 1; H. 440, n. 1.

236. Aethiopum populos: the tribes of the Ethiopians.

assumed, acquired.

traxisse:

254. in extremum orbem: to the end of the earth; see on 1. 235 (summa). The source of the Nile was unknown until recent times.

256. pulverulenta vacant: are empty and dusty. 260. Dissilit: leaps apart, is split asunder.

rimis: by the clefts.

261. cum coniuge regem: that is, Pluto and Proserpina.

262. siccaeque... erat: and that which was lately the sea is (now) a plain of dry sand.

265. curvi: goes with delphines.

266. consuetas: agrees with auras, but translate: as they are accustomed to do.

267. summo profundo: on the top of the sea: see on 1. 235.

268. natant: float.

269. sub: in.

Nerea, Dorida: Greek forms of the Accusative. tepidis: they were ordinarily cool.

270. aquis from the waters.

271. non tulit: he was unable to endure.

304. superos testatus: having called the gods to witness. including him.

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et ipsum:

nisi opem ferat: unless he (Jupiter)

306. interitura (supply esse); the Accusative and Infinitive depends on testatus. petit arduus: goes up to.

307. terris Dative with in in composition.

308. tonitrus: Acc. Plural.

vibrata: darting, or brandished.

309. posset: Subjunctive of Characteristic after Negative Antecedent. 310. nec... imbres: and no rain to send down from heaven.

311. dextra libratum ab aure: poised at his right ear.

312. in aurigam: against the driver.

pariterque... expulit: and at

saltu in contraria

the same time hurled him from the chariot and deprived him of life.

314. Consternantur: are thrown into confusion.

facto: leaping in opposite directions.

315. abrupta: broken.

316. temone revulsus: torn from the pole.

317. in hac parte: on this side.

318. vestigia: the remains.

radii: the spokes.

320. volvitur in praeceps: is rolled headlong. way.

321. ut: as.

322. potuit: better translated as a Present: may. 323. procul a patria: far from his native land. the opposite part of the world.

324. Eridanus: a western river, here the river-god.

longo tractu: a long

diverso orbe: in

325. trifida fumantia flamma: smoking from the three-pronged flame, that is, the lightning.

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te: sc. Apollo.

MET. II.-680. quo: at which, that is, when. pastoria pellis: the shepherd's cloak, a beast's skin. There was a myth that Apollo once tended the flocks of Admetus, King of Thessaly, as an atonement for having killed the Cyclops; but the scene here is placed in a different part of Greece.

681. onus fuit sinistrae: was carried in the left hand.

682. alterius... cannis: in the other was the unequal pipe of seven dispar the canes were of unequal length.

canes.

683. Dumque... curae; and while thy thoughts are of love.

curae:

Dative of the Object For Which (Purpose, End): 356; A. & G. 233; B. 191; H. 390.

685. boves: cows.

Maia: Abl. of Source. She was the daughter

of Atlas and mother of Mercury.

686. silvis: Abl. of Place Where; the prep. is omitted according to 389; H. 425, 1. occultat abactas: drives them off and hides them. notus in illo rure: well known

687. nisi senex: except an old man.

in that settlement.

689. divitis: construe with Nelei. The latter word is dissyllabic by Synizesis. saltus... pascua: the woodlands and grassy pastures.

690. custos: as guardian, herdsman.

691. blanda: fawning.

692. hospes my friend, stranger.

693. vidisse nega: say you have not seen them.

and that some return may be made for the service.

694. nitidam: sleek.

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praemia as a reward; poetic Plural.
Accepta, Abl. Abs. with ea

695, et dedit: and he gave her to him.
to be supplied: when the stranger had received her.

voces: words.

696. eas: Imperative Subjunctive; more often of the Ideal Second per

son: 263, 2; A. & G. 266, a; B. 275, 2; H. 487, 4. than I.

699. hoc limite ire: go along this path.

prius: sooner,

700. silentia deme: take away silence from, lift the veil of silence, disclose.

701. iuncta suo pariter femina tauro: a cow together with her mate.

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706. index: the informer, the touchstone; or, as some commentators take it, a proper name (Index) referring to a particular cliff.

5. THE DIVINITY OF BACCHUS.

Pentheus, King of Thebes, refuses to recognize Bacchus, the son of Jupiter and Semele, as a god, and even sends his servants to arrest him. They report that they cannot find Bacchus himself, but bring one of his attendants. His tale is given in the text.

MET. III.-583. Maeonia: an old name for Lydia in Asia Minor.

humili de plebe: from the common people.

584. quae... iuvenci: lands for hardy steers to cultivate.

colerent:

Subjunctive of Characteristic after negative antecedent: 631, 2; A. & G. 320; B. 283; H. 503.

585. armenta: herds of kine.

586. lino et hamis: with hook and line.

587. calamo: with the rod.

the flopping fishes.

ducere: to land.

salientes pisces:

588. Ars... erat: his skill was his fortune; he made his living by fishing.

589. quas... opes: translate opes quas.

studii: to my calling

591. paternum: inherited from my father, my patrimony.

593. addidici... flectere: I learned also (ad) how to turn the rudder of a ship with guiding hand.

594. Oleniae capellae: the goat Amalthea had given suck to the infant Jupiter, and was placed in the heavens as a constellation. Its appearance betokened rainy weather.

595. oculis notavi: I noted with my eyes. A slight knowledge of the stars was necessary to the sailor in those days.

597. petens Delum: on my way to Delos.

598. applicor: I touch.

Accusative.

litora to the shore; poetic Terminal

dextris remis: by the oars on the right; the island lay

to the right.

599. harenae: Dative after in in composition.

601. latices inferre recentes: to lay in a fresh supply of water.

602. admoneo: I give orders.

Obliqua.

ducat: ducit, leads; Partial Oratio

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