Easiliest, 34,=most easily. ELENCH, 131, a technical term-refutation of an argument or position. EMBASE, see Imbase. ENABLEMENT, 64, aid or means. ESTUATION, 161,=heat and commotion. EXCEED, 108, pass beyond the bounds of moderation-used without a case after it. EXPULSED, 143,=expelled. EXQUISITE, 29,=carefully fought out (not refined, as now). EXTIRPER, 42,=extirpator-the old verb being to extirp, not to extirpate. = FACTURES, 107, 113, fashion or features of a thing. For the word feature is only another form of the word facture. FANTASTICAL, 23, (in this place) false-based upon the fancy alone, without any basis of fact or truth. FLEXUOUS, 96, bending and pliant. FRIPPER, 145, broker. We retain the word in our fripperyfrom frivolus, a seller of frivolous or worthless goods. See Trench's Glossary. GAMESTER, 163,=player—not with the sightest sense of gambling. So in Shakespere,— 'Sirrah, young gamester, your father was a fool." And, Taming of the Shrew, ii. 1. 'You are a merry gamester."-Henry VIII., i. 4. The word is still used in its right sense in the West of England. GIGANTINE, 160,=gigantic, giant-like. (This adjective is not in Richardson.) GRAVELLED, 71, stuck or set fast in gravel; then, embarrassed. So Shakespere, As you Like It, iv. 1, "Gravelled for lack of matter." Dean Trench quotes the Rheims version of the Acts xxvii. 41, "When they were fallen into a place between two seas, they gravelled the ship." The word has now passed out of the original sense. Gravel is derived either from glareola or from gravare-the loading of ships for ballast-or from to grave or dig out-(to grub)—a doubtful suggestion of Serenius. The first seems to be the most probable. GROUND, 162, an accompaniment with an instrument in musicthe metaphor being somewhat similar to that which would connect bass with base or ground-floor of anything. The basso part is simply the low part-as distinct from tenore, midway; alto, high; soprano, above all. Thus bass or ground would be the foundation on which all rests. HOLDING OF, 2,= pertaining to. HUMOUR, HUMOROUS, 15, 41, 170. This word (Lat. humor, moisture) was originally used of the four "humours" of the body, blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy; it came to a morbid state of the mind = arising from excess of these; and so Bacon here uses it; "the censure of humour, malignity, and pusillanimity where it is not =ill-humour in our sense, but rather a diseased or jaundiced condition of mind. We apply the word in medicine to a moist diseased state of the body:-in common language, to good and ill humour, or a cheerful or morose condition of temper;-and to a quality of mind, difficult to define a deep, almost solemn, sense of the incongruities which coexist in the world. "The humorous man (i.e. the melancholy man) shall end his part in peace.”Hamlet, ii. 2. ILLAQUEATION, 131, 146,-entanglement. The chief part of the glossary under this letter must be taken up with Latin words which entered into our language, when learned men began to use it instead of Latin for literary purposes. The early part of the seventeenth century, under a pedantic king, was the time when this transition was most marked. As the English tongue gathered strength by greater use in philosophical writings, it threw off these excrescences of unnatural words, and we are rid of considerable numbers of them. IMAGINANT, 108, person who imagines-a good word, though perhaps not now in actual use. IMBAR, 38, bar or hinder. = IMBASE (or embase), 30, 78, 103, 196, 217, to lower, degrade; almost debase. IMPERTINENT, 97, out of place, according to the acceptance of the word among other writers. IMPOSTHUMATION, 114, tumour or cyst formed in any part of the INDIFFERENT, 17, impartial. Thence it came naturally to= moderate; thence, of course, lukewarm and careless. So hard is it for one who feels to help being a partisan-and so rare is a really impartial and judicial spirit. INFIRM, 131, to deprive of strength. Used by Bacon as the opposite of affirm. The method of Socrates, he says, was to infirm that which was affirmed by another." INFLUENCE INTO, 207, used in a sense of its derivation, as of one stream flowing into another. " INGURGITATION, 114,: =a greedy swallowing.. So Burton, Anatomy of Mel. (p. 235), has, to eat and ingurgitate beyond all measure." INQUIRE, 115, used as our inquire into.' " INSATISFACTION, 173, disappointment or absence of satisfaction. INSINUATION, 83,=bending of oneself, so as to correspond with the form of a thing-(not in a bad sense). INTEND, 180, 201, attend to. = INTRINSIC, 31,=internal (not as now real). INVENT, 122,=discover (invenire); the wider use of the term, now limited to the productions of man's ingenuity and skill. JOCULARLY, 117,=pertaining to jugglery, to which form it has been contracted in course of time. The joculator in low Latin was the merry-andrew, or juggler (jocus). JURISCONSULTS, 69,-lawyers-professors of law; being the Latin word simply transferred into the English tongue. " LEESE, 30, 59, 62, 148, 168, 198. This is the old spelling of the same verb as to lose"; akin to it are loss, less, to loose. In P. 30, Bacon uses it as equivalent to waste, or diminish a thing; in pp. 59, 148, to lose. (So, too, the termination less comes from this verb-blame-less, etc.); so Germ. los, free. LEVANT, THE, 20,=the East, not part of the Mediterranean sea. LIDGER, 192,=legate (a corrupt form of the word not noticed by Richardson). In Bailey's Dict. it is spelt ledger. LIKER, 49, more likely. LIMNED, 24,=illuminated; the derivation being the same. LUST, 85, used by Bacon of Poesy, which" is as a plant that cometh of the lust of the earth."-so used as nearly equivalent to its German meaning. MACHINATION, 40,=machine. The bad sense of the term is met with early. Richardson quotes Sandy's Psalms, p. 96,— MAGISTRAL, 34, our dogmatic. " MAGISTRALITIES, 115. Magistery was a term used by chemists. Paracelsus describes it thus-" a preparation whereby the whole or very near the whole of any body, by the help of some additament, greater or less, is turned into a body of another kind." (Boyle, Works, i. p. 637.) This explains Bacon's use of the term; but in p. 103, he uses it as almost equivalent to dogmatism. Maniable, 14,=manageable, tractable (through the French manier, from manus). This French form of the word never took root. MANURED, 68, 151. The same word as manœuvre-œuvre into ure. To manure, then, is to work by hand, or cultivate—first land, then intellects. Richardson quotes Bishop Hall, who, in one of his Satires, Bk. v. Sat. i. speaks of “ many a load of marle and manure." This brings in the modern usage of the term—a very restricted and debased use. MIRABILARIES, 71, works containing things marvellous. books of Marvels. (?) Note MOE, 18, 136. See Richardson, v. More. Bacon uses the word as a comparative. It is (according to the etymologists) that which is mow-en, or mow-ed, into a heap (mawan, to mow, A.S.). Then mo; mo-er, (more); mo-est, (most). Our much is a derivation of mo-mickle. The general use of the word is comparative and= more. = MORAL, 21, (perhaps) customary-a Latinised use "secundum morem "-deriving the adjective from the singular, not from the plural of mos. MORIGERATION, 21,=complaisance or compliance; morem gerere alicui," to humour him. MOUGHT, 78, 79, 113, might. NON-PROMOVENT, 144. This is not Latin, as one edition seems to make it, but an English word, formed after the type of such compounds as non-proficient, non-conforming, etc. Bacon himself interprets it by "incurring into themselves." The meaning is not advancing as are arguments in circulo. = OCCUPATE, 108, occupy. Used as an adjective in 221, =occupied. PAINFUL, 201,=painstaking, industrious-here and elsewhere an epithet of the clergy. PALLIATE, 113, = palliated, or mitigated. PANTOMIMUS, 111, the person, not the thing. See Trench's Glossary. PARCEL,=part. PARTICIPLES, 86, partaking of more kinds than one; used generally and not solely of grammar. PASQUIL, 47, pasquinade, or lampoon (from an image at Rome, to which libels and satires were affixed). PEDANTES, 10, 17. This word was written thus by Bacon as a foreign word (Italian or Spanish, probably the latter), newly introduced into the English tongue and not acclimatised. It does not seem to carry its modern notion of affectation joined with learning, in the use Bacon makes of the word pedantical (p. 151). PERCASE, 172, = perchance. PLY, 198. This word is again used as a substantive by Bacon in the Essay on Custom: "Late learners cannot so well take the ply; except it be in some minds, that have not suffered themselves to fix." Where we see the same sense as in the compound apply the bending or turning the mind to any matter. In this passage Bacon uses the word as almost-purpose: can bring occasion to their ply,"-i.e. can bend circumstances to their service," etc. POPULARITY, 208, populousness. Sir T. Browne uses populosity— which, ugly as it is, would be the more correct form of the word. PRAGMATICAL, 188, officious, busy-now_solely word which perhaps comes from it. See Trench's Glossary. PRENOTION, 106, a subdivision of that part of human science which treats of the sympathy between mind and body. Also, 206, the process of marking off beforehand what has no connection with the subject. Used by Bacon as one of the two "intentions" or means in the received Arts of Memory. = " priggish," -a PREPOSTEROUS, 201, used in its exact sense of wrong order of things. PRESENTION, 118, presentiment, or previous perception inwardly of that which is about to occur. (Not in Richardson.) PROFICIENCE, 62, 79, 221,a making of progress. (Profit is the same word under another form.) PROPRIETY, 3, 208, property in its logical sense. PUNCTUAL, 21, to a point-thence exact even to littleness; later confined to time only, in sense of accurate. See Trench's Glossary. PUNTO, 180, (Spanish)=ceremony, punctilio. Another example of the Spanish connection with England about this period of our history. = PURGAMENT, 113, that which purges or cleanses. = QUIT, 182, acquit. So in the Bible, A.V.—" Quit you like men." -1 Cor. xvi. 13. REDARGUTION, 64, 131,=refutation. RE-EDIFY, 46, = rebuild. The verb edify being used in its original signification, as edifice still is. REGIMENT, 2, 108, 173, rule, government (regimen)-When did the technical use of the term for a body of men under strict government first obtain? Dryden uses it. REINTEGRATE, 90, 138,=re-establish anew. (Not merely to renew, but to go back to the beginning-as Bacon uses it of the term magia which he proposes to revive and reintegrate," i.e. to bring back to its original sense.) RELUCTATION, 37, 155, 209, = resistance. We use reluctant still, of one struggling against what he dislikes, yet is driven to. REMORA, 97 (remorare, mora), a little fish, as was thought, which, clinging to a ship's keel, stayed her course. Thence metaphor of any hindrance. All sodainly there clove unto her keele Which stopt her course, and held her by the heele, REMOVE, 200, = removal. RESPECTIVE, 1,= respectful (almost)—more exactly, having due respect or regard to the worth of the person dealt with. The honour which would be respective to a king would scarcely be respective to a squire. SAD, 181, grave, firm, and fixed; derived from the A.-S. fat-so that sad is that which is set or fixed; then grave or sedate; then serious, mournful. See French's Glossary. SAKE, 29 (if the reading be correct), either side (which has been suggested as an emendation), or=quest-following its derivation from the verb seek, on the other sake" would then be "on the other side of the investigation," referring to Aristotle's two treatises-one on Natural History, the other (attributed to him) of Prodigies, etc. SAPIENCE, 36, wisdom. = SCHOLASTICAL, 49, = pedantic, not necessarily in a bad sense. SEEN, TO BE WELL, III, to be esteemed. Segregate, 178, as opposed to congregate, or aggregate—separated part from part. SEVER, TO, 178, to be disjoined, or dissevered; = "seldom meet, SLUG, TO, 97, to render sluggish; slug is from the same root as slow. SOLUTE, 214, loose and unrestrained. " " SORT, 185, 211. 'In sort that "-we now use in such sort." SPIAL, 65, spy. Shakespere uses espial, Hamlet, iii. 1. |