WANFRIED, a town of Germany, in HesseCassel, on the Werra, 30 miles E. by S. of Cassel. Population 1400.

WANGARA, a large country, situated in the very heart of Central Africa, and much celebrated in the early descriptions of that continent, though it has not been reached, or even any distinct particulars obtained by modern travellers. The Arabian travellers in the twelfth century represent it as the grand source of African wealth. Edrisi describes it as entirely traversed and intersected by branches of the Nile of the Negroes, or modern Niger. They form it in deed into a species of island, 300 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. During the season of the rains, which rise to their greatest height in August, the whole country was overflowed and laid under water. In September the waters began to subside, and after retiring, left the whole country impregnated with gold dust. The natives then hastened, and, by slight digging, obtained an ample portion of this precious metal, which they disposed of to merchants, who hastened thither from the remotest extremities of the continent. The principal towns of Wangara were Semegda and Reghebil, situated on the shore of extensive and beautiful lakes. The country was subject to the king of Ghana, who held extensive sway over this part of Africa. In considering the great problem of the termination of the Niger, major Rennell was led, by considering the numerous lakes and in tersecting streams of Wangara, to suppose that the waters of this great river, which are seen flowing east towards that country, are there spread out and finally evaporated. This hypothesis is indeed opposed to that of the Arabian writers, who represent the rivers of Wangara, and indeed the Nile of the Negroes in general, as flowing from west to east; but as this assertion is contradicted by the observations of Park, relative to the course of the Joliba through Barnbarra, and by other authorities, little credit is now attached to it. Great doubts, however, have lately been entertained, whether so mighty a river as the Niger can find a termination any where unless in the sea; and the prevailing hypotheses are those by which it is made to reach the Atlantic; but much doubt must still be considered as

resting upon these questions. Wangara is now stated to be subject to Bornou. WANGEN, a small town of France, in Lower Alsace, 12 miles W. of Strasburg. WANGEN, a small town of Switzerland, on the river Aar, 5 miles N. E. of Soleure. WANGEN, a small town of Germany n Wirtemberg, 11 miles N. N. E. of Lindau. It has manufactures of linen, paper, arms, &c. Population 1500.

WANGERIN, a town of Prussia, in Pomerania, 22 miles N. E. of Stargard. Population 800.

WANGER OEG, a sandy island on the coast of the grand duchy of Oldenburg, in the north-west of Germany. It is 12 miles in circumference. Its inhabitants, amounting to 200, subsist by fishing. It has a lighthouse, which is in Long. 7. 52. 35. E. Lat. 53. 48. 26. N.

WANGFORD, a parish of England, in Suffolk, 3 miles N. W. by N. of Southwold. Population 502.-Another parish in the same county, 3 miles S. W. by W. of Brandon Ferry.

WANGWELL, a small island in the Pa cific ocean, near the south coast of Waygiou. Long. 131. 35. E. Lat. 0. 23. S.

WANKUM, a village of the Prussian province of Cleves and Berg, 7 miles S. by W. of Guelders. Population 1000.

WANKANEER, a fortified town of Hindostan, province of Gujerat. It stands on an angle formed by the conflux of the rivers Muchoo and Patalia. It contains about 5000 houses, and a very handsome mosque, but is not capable of standing an assault by cannon, being commanded by a range of lofty mountains. It belongs to a petty chieftain, who is tributary to the Guicowar. Long. 70. 58. E. Lat. 22. 27. N.

WANLIP, a parish of England, in Leices ter, 3 miles S. E. by S. of Mount Sorrell.

WANLOCK, a small river of Scotland, on the borders of Dumfries and Lanark shires, which has its rise at the lead mines, and, after running a few miles, joins the Crawick, at the same place as the Spango from Kirkconnel on the west.

WANLOCKHEAD, a considerable village of Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, in the parish of Sanquhar, about a mile south-west of Leadhills, seated on the above mentioned river. It is solely inhabited by the lead miners, who, with their families, amount to about 870 inhabitants. Like their neighbours of the village of Leadhills, they have esta blished a subscription library, and employ themselves in reading at their spare hours. The varieties of ore found here are the potters' lead ore; the small or steel-grained ore, which is very rich in silver; the white lead ore, or carbonate of lead, which is curiously ramified, like petrifactions of moss

The galena, or small grained ore, yields about 70 parts of lead from the 100 of ore; the carbonate about 60. Some specimens of green phosphate of lead are likewise met with. Wanlockhead mines, in 1809, produced 15,553 bars, at 8 stone 4 lb. the bar, Dutch weight, or 9 stone avoirdupois, is about 875 tons; which, at L.32 per ton, amounts to L.27,993. Though these mountains are so rich in metallic wealth, nothing can equal the barren and dreary appearance of the surface; neither trees, shrubs, nor verdure, not even a picturesque rock, amuses the eye of the traveller. WAN-NASH-REESE, a lofty rugged mountain, generally covered with snow, situated in the southern part of the kingdom of Algiers, 45 miles S. of Shershell.

WANNE-PERVEEN, a village of the Netherlands, 14 miles N. of Zwolle. Population 1400.

WANNERTON, a hamlet of England, near Kidderminster, in the county of Wor

cester.

WANNOUGAH, a mountain of Algiers, 100 miles W. of Constantina.

WANNY, an extensive district of the island of Ceylon, situated on the north-east quarter, in the vicinity of Trincomalee. It is a flat country, and well calculated for the cultivation of rice. The ruins of 600 reservoirs or tanks evince that it was formerly much more populous and better cultivated than at present; but it has suffered much from the wars between the Candiaus and the different European conquerors of the island; but now that it is in the tranquil possession of the British, it will probably recover its former prosperity."

WANOOAETTEE, a small island in the Pacific ocean, 10 miles W. N. W. of Wateehoo, WANSBECK, a river of England, in Northumberland, which falls into the sea near Seaton Delaval.

WANSEN, a town of Frussian Silesia, in the government of Oppeln. Population 800. 22 miles S. by E. of Breslau.

WANSFORD, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Thornaugh, Northamptonshire, 6 miles from Peterborough.

WANSFORD, a township of England, in Yorkshire, near Driffield. Population

368.

WANSTEAD, a village and parish of England, in the county of Essex, and in the neighbourhood of the metropolis. Many of the houses in the parish are handsome buildings, the residence of opulent merchants and tradesmen of London. The present church was finished in the year 1790; the foundation having been laid by the late sir James Tilney Long, bart. It is a handsome structure of brick, cased with Portland stone, and having a portico

of the Doric order, and at the west end 1 cupola, supported by eight Ionic columns The inside is extremely neat, elegant, and simple. It consists of a chancel, nave, and two ailes, separated by columns of the Corinthian order. The pavement is c stone, brought from Painswick in Glou cestershire, and is remarkable for its beaut and neatness. In the chancel is a beautifu window of stained glass, representing ou Saviour bearing the cross. Wanstead. house, the residence of the Tilney family is a very large and magnificent structure standing in an extensive park, and sur rounded by gardens and pleasure grounds. WANSTEAD, a hamlet of England, in Southamptonshire, near Titchfield.

WANTAGE, a market town of England in the county of Berks, situated on the skirts of the prolific vale of White Horse. A variety of concurring testimonies rende it probable that this place was once a Ro man station; though the numerous alterstions which it has undergone, almost preclude the possibility of tracing those remains which would at once decide the question and the controversy. In this neighbourhood the footsteps of various nations may be discovered; but they are all imperfect Roman works have been demolished to make room for Saxon, and these again have been superseded by the devices of modern times This town is celebrated in history as the birth-place of the great Alfred, and in the time of the Saxons it was a royal residence and after the conquest it was made borough. On the west of the town conmences the vale of White Horse, taking it name from the figure of a gigantic bors cut on the brow of a hill, in a gallopir posture, covering near an acre of ground It is formed by a deep trench cut in the tur following the outlines of the horse, which shews the chalk soil underneath. This is supposed to have been cut as a memorial ( Alfred's victory over the Danes, in 871;1 white horse being the Saxon standard. A parcel of stones set on edge, about one miz from the hill, is shewn as the burial-pla of some of the Danish kings, many battles having been fought in this neighbourhood Below the horse is a large barrow, calle Dragon-hill, supposed to have been another | funeral monument. The villagers in the neighbourhood have a custom, from tin immemorial, of assembling about midsur mer, for what they term scouring the hor when they remove every weed and obstac that may have obscured its figure, and re tire to spend the evening in various rurs sports. Abour three miles south are the remains of an ancient Roman camp, calle Letcombe Castle. Population 2386. A manufactory of sacking and foul weather!

4

islands near the south coast of Labrador. Long. 60. 20. W. Lat. 50. 4. N.

cloth is carried on here. 26 miles N. W. of Reading, and 60 N. W. of London. WANTESDEN, a parish of England, in Suffolk, 4 miles N. W. by W. of Orford. WANTSUM, a river of England, forming a branch of the great river Stour, in Kent.

WANZENAU, a town of France, in Alsace, with a castle, and 1500 inhabitants. 6 miles N. of Strasburg.

WANZLEBEN, a town of Prussian Saxony, in the government of Magdeburg. Population 2300. 10 miles W. S. W. of Magdeburg.

WAPAKONETTA, or WAPAGHKANETTA, an Indian town of the United States, in Ohio, on the Au-Glaize, at the head of navigation. 7 miles S. E. of Taway town. WAPATTOO ISLAND, an island of North America, formed by the junction of the Multnomah with the Columbia, 20 miles long, and 10 broad. The land is high and extremely fertile, and on most parts is supplied with a heavy growth of cottonwood, ash, the large leafed ash, and sweet willow, the black alder, common to the coast, having now disappeared. But the chief wealth of this island consists of the numerous ponds in the interior, abounding with the common arrowhead (sagittaria sagittifolia), to the root of which is attached a bulb growing beneath it, in the mud. This bulb, to which the Indians give the name of wapattoo, is the great article of food, and almost the staple article of commerce on the Columbia. It is never out of season; so that at all times of the year, the valley is frequented by the neighbouring Indians who come to gather it. It is collected chiefly by the women, who employ for the purpose canoes from ten to fourteen feet in length, about two feet wide, and nine inches deep, and tapering from the middle, where they are about 20 inches wide. They are sufficient to contain a single person and several bushels of roots, yet so very light, that a woman can carry them with ease. She takes one of these canoes into a pond where the water is as high as the breast, and by means of her toes, separates from the root this bulb, which, on being freed from the mud, rises immediately to the surface of the water, and is thrown into the canoe. In this manner these patient females remain in the water for several hours, even in the depth of winter. This plant is found through the whole extent of the Columbia valley, but does not grow farther eastward.

WAPENBURY, a parish of England, in Warwickshire, 5 miles N.N.W. of Southam. WAPESSAGA, a lake of Canada. Long. 71. 40. W. Lat. 48. 10. N.

WAPITWAGO ISLANDS, a cluster of

WA APLEY, or WAPELEY, a parish of England, 2 miles S. W. by S. of Chipping Sodbury.

WAPLEY, a parish of England, in Yorkshire, 7 miles E. of Guisbrough.

WAPLINGTON, a township of England, in Yorkshire, 2 miles S. W. of Pocklington. WAPOO CREEK, a river of North America, which flows into Lake St Clair. WAPPENHAM, a parish of England, in Northamptonshire. Population 396.

WAPPING, a village and parish of England, in the county of Middlesex, on the east of the metropolis, and reckoned one of its out-parishes. It is situated on the north bank of the river Thames. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in trades connected with the shipping of the port of London, such as slop-sellers, ship-carpenters, sail-makers, chandlers, &c. The new docks formed here, have been a great improvement to the place. The one called St George's dock, is capable of holding 200 sail of shipping; and Shadwell dock, adjoining to it, is capable of holding 50 sail. The entrance from the Thames is by three basons, sufficient to contain an immense quantity of small craft; and the inlets from the river into the basons are at the Old Hermitage, Old Wapping, and Old Chadwell docks. At the eastern extremity are stupendous ware-houses, belonging to the custom-house, although rented of the dock company, for ware-housing tobacco; and the cellars are appropriated to housing of wines. There are various ranges of warehouses for general merchandize. These docks belong to a public company, having a capital of L.1,200,000. The church of Wapping is dedicated to St John; is a plain building, erected in 1790; and is a rectory, under the patronage of Brazennose college, Oxford. Population in 1801, 5889.

WAPPINGER'S CREEK, a post village of the United States, in Poughkeepsie, New York.

WAPPINGER'S CREEK, a river of the United States, in New York, which runs into the Hudson, 8 miles S. of Poughkeep◄ sie. Length 33 miles.

WAPPO, a small seaport on the Grain coast of Africa.

WAPPOCOMO, a river of the United States, in Virginia, which runs into the Potomac, 9 miles E. S. E. of Fort Cumberland.

WAPUWAGAN ISLANDS, a cluster of islands near the coast of Labrador. Long. 60. 14. W. Lat. 50. 2. N.

WARA, or HARA, a city of Centra Africa, capital of the kingdom of Ber

The inhabitants are said to be rigid Mahometans, and to bear a mortal hatred to Christians.

WARADEIN, GREAT, or NAGY VARAD, a fortified town of Hungary, on the river Koresch. It is the see of a Catholic archbishop, and a united Greek bishop; is neatly, and even elegantly built; but the environs being marshy, the air is thick and foggy. The cathedral, after lying many years in ruins, was rebuilt in 1778, on an elegant plan, and the archbishop's palace is a beautiful and large edifice. Here are several Catholic convents and schools; but part of the inhabitants are Calvinists and members of the Greek church. The population of the town are employed partly in manufactures and trade, and partly in the culture of the adjoining country. At a little distance from the town is New Warasdin, properly a suburb of the place we are describing. In the neighbourhood are four warm mineral springs. At a greater distance are quarries of marble. In the Turkish wars in Hungary, this was an important military post, which was several times taken, but at the present day its works are neglected. Population 7000. 35 miles S. S. E. of Debreczin, and 132 E. by S. of Pest. Long. 21. 55. 5. E. Lat. 47. 2. 50. N.

WARANG. See Formosa.

WARANKUL, or WARANGOL, an ancient city of Hindostan, in the province of Hyderabad, belonging to the Nizam. It was formerly the capital of the kingdom of Telingana, said to have beer, founded in the middle of the 11th century. It was first taken by the Mahometans about the year 1323, who put to death the rajah and his whole family, and thereby subverted a dynasty which had existed for 256 years. It was some years afterwards recovered by a Hindoo chieftain, but taken again in the year 1421, by the general of Ahmed Shah, of the Bhamenee dynasty; since which period it has declined, and is now little better than a heap of ruins. Long. 79. 34. E. Lat. 17. 54. N.

WARASDIN, a county of the Austrian states, in Croatia, having Styria and Illyria on the west, and the county of Agram on the east. Its area is about 720 square miles; its population, about 134,000 in number, are partly Catholics, partly of the Greek church. The river Drave forms the northern boundary of the province.

WARASDIN, THE GENERALATE OF, 8 district of Croatia, adjoining to Sclavonia, and separated from Hungary only by the Drave. More extensive, but less populous, than the county of the same name, this district contains 1440 square miles, with only 108,000 inhabitants. It may be term

ed, as regards its physical aspect, a great valley, surrounded by mountains, sloping in general towards the Drave.

WARASDIN, a town of Austrian Croatia, and the capital of a palatinate or county. It is situated on the north bank of the Drave, and has a fortress on the opposite side of the river. The town is small, but the suburbs, being more extensive, the total population is about 4500. For so backward a country it is tolerably built. The chief public structure is the courthouse, or place of meeting of the county diets. The town has a gymnasium or high school; and its traffic is pretty active. In the neighbourhood there are warm mineral springs. 38 miles N. N. E. of Agram, and 132 S. of Vienna. Long. 16. 26. 6. E. Lat. 46. 18. 18. N.

WARBERG, a seaport of Sweden, in the province of Halland. It has a strong castle, and a deep and secure harbour. Population 1400. 34 miles S. of Gottenburg. Long, 12. 16. E. Lat. 57. 6. 18. N.

WARBLETON, a parish of England, in Sussex, 6 miles N. by E. of Haylsham. Population 966.

WARBLINGTON, a parish of England, in Southamptonshire. Population 1658.

WARBOROUGH, a parish of England, in Oxfordshire, 10 miles S. E. by S. of Oxford. Population 600.

WARBOYS, a parish of England, in Huntingdonshire, 4 miles S. S. E. of Ramsay. Population 1100.

WARBRECK, a hamlet of England, in Lancashire, 1 inile N. N. E. of Blackpool. WARBSTOW, a parish of England, county of Cornwall, 8 miles N. E. of Camelford.

WARBURG, a town of Prussian Westphalia, on the Dymel, 22 miles S. E. of Paderborn. Population 2200.

WARBURTON, a township of England, county of Chester, 9 miles N. N. W. from Nether Knutsford. Population 470.

WARCOP, a parish of England, in Westmoreland, 3 miles W. by N. of Brough. Population 673.

WARD, a small fishing village of Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, near the Bullers of Buchan.

WARD, a township of the United States, in Worcester county, Massachusetts, 45 miles W. S. W. of Boston. Population 540.

WARD'S CREEK, a river of the United States, in Virginia, which runs into James river, Long. 77. 11. W. Lat. 37. 10. N.

WARD'S CREEK, a river of the United States, in Maryland, which runs into the Chesapeake, Long. 76. 52. W. Lat. 38. 8. N.

WARDE, a small town of Denmark, near the west coast of Jutland, on a river alsq called Warde, 20 miles N. N. W. of Ribe.

WARDE, POINT, a cape on the west coast of North America, at the upper end of Prince Ernest's sound, and entrance of Bradfield canal. Long. 228. 10. E. Lat.

56. 9. N.

WARDEN, a parish of England, in Kent, 6 miles E. of Queenborough.

WARDEN, CHIPPING, a parish of England, in Northamptonshire, 11 miles S. W. by S. of Daventry.

WARDEN, OLD, a parish of England, in Bedfordshire, 34 miles W. by S. of Biggleswade. Population 492.

WARDHURST, OF WARDS, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Ivinghoe, county of Buckingham.

WARDINGTON, or WARDENTON, a hamlet of England, in Oxfordshire, 4 miles N. E. by N. of Banbury. Population 757. WARDLAW, a hill of Scotland, in Selkirkshire, in the parish of Etterick, elevated 1986 feet above the level of the sea.

WARDLE, a township of England, in Lancashire, 3 miles N. N. E. c Rochdale. Population 4189.

WARDLE, a township of England, county of Chester, 5 miles Ñ. W. of Nantwich. WARDLEWORTH, a township of England, in the parish of Rochdale, Lancashire. Population 4345.

WARDLEY, a parish of England, in Rutlandshire, 3 miles W. S. W. of Upping

ham.

WARDLOW, a township of England, in Derbyshire, 2 miles E. by S. of Tideswell. WARDO, one of the Aland isles, in the gulf of Finland, belonging to Russia.

WARDOE, an island on the west coast of Norway, in the bishopric of Drontheim, belonging to East Finmark.

WARDOEHUUS, the chief town of a district of the same name, situated on an island in Norwegian Finmark, in the bishopric of Droutheim. It is inhabited by fishermen. Long. 31. 7. 30. E. Lat. 70. 22. 36. N.

WARDON, OF WARDREW, a watering village of England, in the county of Northuinberland, situated on the river Irthing.

WARDSBOROUGH, a post township of the United States, in Windham county, Vermont, 20 miles N. E. of Bennington. Population 2053.

WARDSBRIDGE, a post village of the United States, in Orange county, New York.

WARDWELL, a post village of the United States, in Jefferson county, New

York.

WARE, a market town of England, in the county of Hertford, situated on the west side of the river Lea. It consists of one principal street, nearly a mile in length, with several smaller ones intersecting it. The houses are in general well built. There

were anciently two religious establishments in this town, one of them a priory of Benedictines, some reinains of the buildings of which are yet standing, adjoining thechurch, near the banks of the river. They chiefly consist of ancient walls, fitted up, and accommodated to the purposes of a modern dwelling. A small obtusely pointed arch, within the north-east angle of the building, is supported by corbels, displaying the upper parts of human figures, one of which appears to be clad in mail. The church is a spacious edifice, dedicated to St Mary, and consists of a nave, chancel, and ailes, with an embattled tower at the west end. The roots are of timber, and have been ornamented with paintings and inscriptions, of which there are now considerable remains, particularly in the south chancel or chapel. Here the roof is divided into squares, in each of which is some figure or legendary subject: in this chapel also is a single seat for a chaplain. The sepulchral memorials are numerous; and among them are various ancient slabs, most of which were pillaged of their brasses by a knavish sexton. The font is ornamented with various sculptures, representing St George, and other subjects. At the west end of the church is a handsome gallery, that was built by the governors of Christ's hospital, for the use of the school that was formerly established here, for the younger children of that institution, but which has been many years removed to Hertford. Several alms-houses, for poor widows, &c. are in different parts of the town; and various other benefactions for charitable purposes have been inade to this parish. The town has a considerable traffic in corn and malt, sent to the London market by barges, which load back with coals and other articles. In the time of William the Conqueror, this place was only a small village, and did not attain any consequence till the reign of king John, when the high road to the north, which before went through Hertford, was turned through this town. Some springs near the town, augmented by a cut from the river Lea, constitute the source of the new river, which supplies a great part of the metropolis with water. Population in 1811, 3369, occupying 689 houses. 20 miles N. of London, and 3 from Hertford, the county town. Here is a weekly mar ket on Tuesdays, and two fairs annually. The "great bed of Ware" has been often referred to as an object of popular curiosity. It was 12 feet square, and kept an inn in the town, in order to attract the curiosity and custom of visitors.

WARE, OF WEAR GIFFORD, a parish of England, in Devonshire, 2 miles N. N. W. of Great Torrington. Population 438.