this may be considered the termination of Mr. Combe's lectures in the United States, we present our readers with the following accurate report of the proceedings.

The chairman of the committee, Mr. Hurlbut, thus addressed Mr. Combe:

SIR,-The members of the class who attended your lectures, delivered in this city during the past year, have instructed us to present you with this vase, which, in their names, we now beg you to accept.

It bears upon one side three medallic likenesses, exquisitely wrought: one of Gall, to whose great discoveries in nature we are indebted for the true science of mind; one of Spurzheim, who first aided in illustrating and establishing it; and the other of yourself, their first and favourite British disciple.

This high and just association will ever endure. He who founded, and they who first illustrated and advanced, the true science of intellectual and moral philosophy, will descend the stream of time together, shedding lustre upon future ages, and living in the grateful memories of generations to come after us.

Upon this vase are also presented other medallic likenesses: one of Rush, whose far-seeing eye, penetrating the veil of nature, which Gall afterward lifted, had visions of some of the great truths which he demonstrated; and the other of Caldwell, who was the first among our countrymen to embrace and defend the doctrines of the great German, with a boldness and vigour peculiarly his own.

We feel a patriotic pride in associating the names of two of our own countrymen with the most distinguished names of Europe, connected with mental science.

You are soon to return to your native land-to your and our fathers' country.

Your visit here has awakened the interest of thousands in your welfare -of thousands who are not wanting in gratitude for the instruction and delight which your discourses have afforded them-but who have had no opportunity to manifest, as we do on this most favoured occasion, their high appreciation of your character and attainments, and the enduring impression which your visit has made upon their minds. Their and our best wishes attend you.

Receive, then, this vase-(the subscription upon which is also graven upon our hearts)-and bear it to your home, a tribute to truth, and to the champion of truth; and rest assured, that in our estimation, we could be called to perform no prouder office, than to render a just tribute of respect and admiration to the author of "The Constitution of Man."

Mr. Combe received the vase, and spoke to the following effect:GENTLEMEN,-Although I cannot correctly say that I am unused to public speaking, yet, on occasions like the present, words fail me to express what I feel. I accept of your handsome and generous gift with the highest gratification. The classical elegance of form, the exquisite workmanship, and the appropriate devices which it bears, render it a gem of beauty. As a mere physical object, indeed, its merits in this respect have been appreciated in this city; it has gained the gold medal offered for the encouragement of art, and it will successfully sustain the strictest scrutiny of the distinguished artisans of the country to which I am about to carry it. But it is as a moral monument of your favourable estimation of my labours among you, and of the interest which you have taken in the science of mind, that it possesses to me an inestimable value. To Dr. Gall alone belongs the glory of having discovered the functions of

the brain; Dr. Spurzheim generously devoted his whole life to the extension, improvement, and diffusion of this splendid project of Gall's originality and genius; and it is difficult to do justice to the noble sacrifice which he made to the cause of truth. When Dr. Spurzheim became the disciple of Gall, no human being defended phrenology except its author; and he not only stood alone, but encountered the hostility of civilised Europe, from the emperor to the peasant, a few high minded individuals only excepted, who were silenced by the hand of power if they rose superior to the influence of scorn. It is no slender honour to me that you associate me with such men. Mine has been a flowery path compared with theirs. It is true that, when still a young man, without name, fortune, high associations, or any external advantages to sustain me against public disapprobation, I fearlessly risked every prospect which the future held forth to my ambition, and became the defender of phrenology when it had few other friends in the British Isles. Professional ruin was prophesied as the inevitable consequence of this, as it was then styled, rash and inconsiderate step. But for the encouragement of the young and ardent worshippers of truth, I am enabled to say that these auguries never were realised. Many were the shafts of ridicule that were hurled against me, and bitter the taunts poured forth by a hostile press; but they never penetrated to my soul, disturbed my peace, nor impeded my prosperity. I mention this, not in the spirit of vain glory, but to confirm the young in the assurance, that the path of truth and independence may be safely trodden even against a world in arms, if courage and perseverance be added to prudence in the advance.

I have sojourned among you now for the greater part of two years, and I am about to leave your country. That I have experienced some inconvenience, and encountered several disagreeable incidents during my stay, is only what belongs to the lot of humanity; but these sink into insignificance when contrasted with the generous cordiality and enlightened sympathy which have been showered upon me by yourselves and your fellow citizens. I have held converse with many enlightened minds in this country-minds that do honour to human nature; whose philanthropy embraces not only patriotism, but an all-pervading interest in the advancement of the human race in knowledge, virtue, religion, and enjoyment in every clime. Many of these admirable men are deeply interested in phrenology. The gifted individual* to whom Massachusetts owes an eternal debt of gratitude for his invaluable efforts in improving her educational establishments, has assured me that the new philosophy is a light in his path to which he attaches the highest value. You, sir, have shown, in a late valuable work that has issued from your pen, that you are penetrated to the core with this last and best of human sciences;† and many who now hear me, have expressed similar testimonials to its worth. I return, therefore, highly gratified with much that I have experienced among you, and I shall not need this emblem of your respect to maintain the recollection of such men as I have described, engraven on my affections forever. Allow me to add one brief expression of admiration and gratitude to a young countryman of my own, Mr. William Morrison,. from Edinburgh, whose exquisite skill chased these admirable ornaments on your gift. Among his first efforts in art was a wax model, which he executed of my head in Edinburgh. Many years ago he came to this country, was highly esteemed as a man and an artist, and the

* Hon. Horace Mann.

+ Mr. Combe here referred to a work recently published by Mr. Hurlbut, Civil Office and Political Ethics."

embellishment of this vase was almost the last act of his life. Ten days have scarcely elapsed since he was laid in a premature grave. It would have delighted me to have addressed to his living ear, the tribute which I now offer to his memory.

Again, gentlemen, I assure you of my heartfelt gratitude and lasting respect, and with best wishes for your happiness and prosperity, bid you farewell.

The vase is of exquisite workmanship, being of Grecian model, with three medallic likenesses on one side-one of Gall, one of Spurzheim, and one of Combe, with the motto, "res non verba quæso;" and two medallic likenesses on the other-one of Dr. Benjamin Rush, and one of Dr. Charles Caldwell, with the following inscription:

Presented
to

George Combe, of Edinburgh,
by the class in attendance upon
his lectures delivered in the
City of New York,

in 1839, on the subject of
Phrenology;

In testimony of their profound respect for the
distinguished Lecturer, and of their
belief in, and admiration of,

the noble science

of which he is the ablest living
teacher and expounder.

Around the base of the vase are chased the heads of several animals, as emblematic of comparative phrenology.

Cast of Whitefield. The character of this celebrated divine is well known. He died at Newburyport, Mass., and an accurate cast of his head was taken at the time of his death. We find in a recent number of Zion's Watchman, of New York, the following observations by Mr. L. N. Fowler, on the phrenological developements of Whitefield as indicated by this cast:

Whitefield had a large, uneven head, and, apparently, an active mind. His character was marked. He was distinguished for originality of thought, moral discernment, regard for principles, justice, and attachment to friends. He was ambitious, loved distinction; had great independence of feeling and moral courage, sympathy and interest in the welfare of others.

He was energetic, forcible, and possessed of rather strong passions and propensities; and had considerable tact and management.

His great fort lay in his persuasive powers, and his success in affecting the feelings, which was the result of predominant Language, Causality, Ideality, Conscientiousness, Approbativeness, and Adhesiveness.

He should have been distinguished for his ability to make friends, and to convert persons to his way of thinking. His strong religious feelings were manifested through his Benevolence and Conscientiousness. His enthusiasm was greater than his credulity, and his imagination stronger than his devotional feelings. Veneration is rather weak; he had not much regard for rank, title, honours, &c.; and even in his religious exercises, there could not have been that deep-toned piety, and holy devotional feeling, which characterised Payson, Brainard, and some others.

Valuable Tes imony.-Dr. John Mackintosh, the author of two octavo volumes on the "Principles of Pathology and Practice of Medicine"work which has passed through several editions in Great Britain, as well as in our own country-pays, in Vol. II, page 79, the following just tribute to Drs. Gall and Spurzheim:

The brain has been divided by those distinguished anatomists and physiologists, Gall and Spurzheim, into a number of organs which they conceive to be separate ganglions; and although I must confess that [ have had neither time nor opportunity to examine their system with that care and attention which the importance of the subject demands, and which might enable me to give a decided opinion respecting the truth of all its parts, yet experience obliges me to state, that much of their doctrine appears to be true, and that science owes a great deal to the labours of the gentlemen who have been engaged in phrenological inquiry.

Some years after the above was written, and when Dr. Mackintosh had given phrenology a thorough investigation, we find the following sentiments expressed by him in relation to the science, in a letter addressed to Mr. Combe, at the time the latter stood as a candidate for the chair of logic in the University of Edinburgh. Says Dr. M.:

The more closely I study nature, in health and disease, the more firm are my convictions of the soundness of phrenological doctrines. I regard phrenology as the true basis of the science of the mind, and as such am persuaded it will be found highly conducive to the successful teaching of logic. *** I know no one who has devoted the energies of his mind to the careful study of phrenology, who has not become a convert, and I anticipate, at no very distant date, the triumph of truth over the prejudices which have been so assiduously heaped upon the science by crafty men, or those quite ignorant of the subject. *** I may add, that a great revolution has taken place within these few years, not only in this country, but also on the continent, in favour of phrenological doctrines; the number of opponents has diminished, and the disciples have increased in a remarkable manner-in so much, that in Paris there is scarcely an illustrious name connected with medicine, or any of the sciences, that is not found enrolled in the list of members of the Phrenological Society.

Massachusetts State Lunatic Hospital. We have just received the seventh report of this admirably managed institution, from its superintendent, Dr. S. B. Woodward. As it is our intention to give, in a future number of the Journal, a full account of this institution, and show the application of phrenological principles to the treatment of the insane, we can now make only one extract from this report. The intelligent reader, after perusing so lucid and correct an explanation of the nature of insanity, as is contained in this extract, will not be surprised at the remarkable success which has attended Dr. Woodward's labours. In this report, on page 65, Dr. W. remarks as follows:-"We must not for a moment overlook the fact, that insanity is a physical disease, that the mind, in the most deplorable case, is not obliterated; its integrity is only disturbed; it remains the same; its faculties ready, as soon as the physical structure shall have regained health and soundness, to resume operations, and exhibit the manifestations which legitimately belong to them. If the senses are deluded, false impressions are conveyed to the mind, but the senses are physical organs, and the mind is no more at fault if they lead it astray, than it is in believing the false representations of another individual; so of any other function of the brain; false per

ceptions, morbid activity, or depression of the animal propensities, or of he higher sentiments, depend upon physical influences wholly beyond the power of the individual to control; as soon, however, as the physical imperfection is removed, and a healthy condition of the brain restored, reason again resumes its empire, and the integrity of the mind becomes apparent. It is only when the organic structure of the brain, and its appendages, have undergone such physical changes as to be permanent and enduring, that insanity is utterly hopeless. Death only can then cure insanity. The mind is still unharmed, and as soon as its connection with this diseased incumbrance shall be dissolved, who can doubt that the author of its being will furnish it an immortal medium of action in another state of existence, fitted for the sphere of its future enjoyments? The diseased brain in insanity, the worn-out brain of the aged, and the imperfect brain of the idiot, are the only reasons why the mind is not as active and intelligent in these individuals as in the rest of mankind; in another state of existence all will be changed, 'this corruptible will put on incorruption, and this mortal, immortality.'"

And on page 100, Dr. Woodward, in alluding to the introduction and influence of religious exercises on the insane, speaks thus :-"As I have elsewhere remarked, his whole mind is not always insane; there are cords in his intellect and moral feelings which can be made to vibrate by proper touches, and the response may change his whole character, and influence his whole conduct. His moral feelings may be sound and healthy, if his intellect is disturbed by allusions, or his understanding may, to a great extent, be rational, when his feelings are perverted and his moral nature estranged. It is by appeals to the understanding, and the sensibilities through the healthy avenues, that the mind is reached by the moral influence which we exert, and this is also the avenue for religious influence."

Address delivered before the Albany Phrenological Society, at its meeting in the Female Academy, on the evening of April 2, 1840. By THOMAS W. OLCOTT, President of the Society.

We are indebted to Mr. E. N. Horsford for a copy of this very appropriate and well-written address. In speaking of the progress of the science, Mr. Olcott remarks as follows:

Phrenology, or the physiology of the brain, considered in connection with its mental manifestations, may be said to have passed in triumph the days of its severest trial, and fiercest opposition. Many of the most distinguished medical men and journals give it a cordial support. It is acknowledged and adopted as a science in the London Hospital, the London Institution, Granger's Theatre of Anatomy and Medicine, and its principles are taught in the London University as applicable to the treatment of insanity, and are advocated by the Medical and Surgical Journal of London. The Medico-Chirurgical Review of the same city speaks of the science "as the most intelligent and self-consistent system of mental philosophy ever presented to the contemplation of inquisitive men, and commends its utility especially in reference to purposes of education, legislation, political economy, criminal jurisprudence, history, legal and theological elocution, and above all, to the true philosophy of medicine."

And again: Mr. O., after remarking that, if a single organ of the brain is correctly designated as the seat or instrument of a particular faculty, then is phrenology 'early and firmly established, proceeds thus: